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Loudspeakers
Electro-dynamic Electro-static Ribbon
Loudspeaker Enclosures
Closed box Vented box Horn others(Baffle,Transmission line)
Parameters of the loudspeakers
power sensitivity impedans directivity others
Input Connections Screw Terminal
Frequency Response (-10 dB) 50 - 20,000 Hz
Internal Crossover Yes
Sensitivity 1 W/1 m 99 dB
Max. SPL/1m (calc) 129 dB
Coverage (Nominal -6 dB) H 60/110 ° long
throw/short throw
Coverage (Nominal -6 dB) V 70/90 ° long
throw/short throw
System Power Handling
(Continuous/Program/Peak)
250/500/1000
Watts
LF Transducer 12-inch
HF Transducer 1.25-inch
DH3/2010A
compression
driver (1-inch exit)
Crossover Frequency 2000 Hz
Nominal Impedance (Passive) 8 Ω
Parameters of the amplifiers
power sensitivity voltage gain others Choosing the right amplifier(100V, low impedance)
Amplifier Gain 32 dB
Continuous Rated Power (1 kHz,
THD 1%) 4Ω
1100 Watts
Continuous Rated Power (1 kHz,
THD 1%) 8Ω
600 Watts
Crosstalk < < -80 dB at 1,000
Hz
Frequency Response 15 - 40,000 Hz
Impedance 2/4/8 Ω
Input Impedance (Balanced) 20 kΩ
Input Sensitivity +5.8 dBu
Intermodulation Distortion
(SMPTE)
< 0.02 %
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (A-
weighted)
107 dB
Slew Rate 35 V/µs
Topology Class-H
Total Harmonic Distortion < 0.05 %
Power amplifiers – 100 V line
Amplifier’s output Is connected to step-up transformer. Every speaker part of the line has step-down transformer. The principle is the same as high voltage power distribution lines.
Grouping the loudspeakers
Conventional loudspeakers
Grouping the loudspeakers
Sound column Little space between transdusers –> good HF response Long length of the line –> good LF directivity
Grouping the loudspeakers
Groupped conventional loudspeakers
line array system
Sound System Guide - Halls
Small installation – single center loudspeaker Small Hall Small Church School Classroom Presentations
Sound System Guide - Halls
Small installation – left/right loudspeaker+ mono subwoofer подходяща за малка зала
Small church School Concert Hall Presentations
Sound System Guide - Halls
Small installation - 5.1 surround Small hall School cinema Presentations
Sound System Guide - Halls
Small installation – distributed ceilingspeakers (100V)
Exhibition Ballroom Conference hall
Sound System Guide - Halls
Small installation – distributed ceilingspeakers (100V)
Exhibition Ballroom Conference hall
Sound System Guide - Halls
Medium installation – central cluster with additional infills and balconfillsPresentationsConference hall
Sound System Guide - Halls
Medium installation – corridor type with severaldelay lines
Evangellist churchConference hallLong halls
Sound System Guide - Halls
Medium installation – with several groups of loudspeakers
Conference hallUniversity hallSuitable for wide halls
Sound System Guide - Halls
Medium installation – sound columnairportsConference hallShopping mallsSuitable for reverberant spaces
Sound System Guide - Halls
Medium install – bar/disco withmultiple zondes
DiscosCaffeBars
Sound System Guide - Halls
Big installation - hallConference hallMultifunctional hall
Sound System Guide - Halls
Big installation - theatre(groups of loudspeakers with special functionallity)Drama theatresMultifunctional halls
Sound System Guide - Halls
Big installation - line arrayConcert hallArenaLong halls
Sound System Guide - Cinema
Acoustical requirements:RT60 (500Hz)<0,8s Deviation from RT60 (500Hz) for other frequencies according to Dolby standart
Sound System Guide – Cinema
Acoustical requirements:Without first reflections (difference from concert halls)Noise level: NC30-NC35Sound proofing
Sound System Guide - Cinema
Screen Loudspeakers: They must provide 105dB SPL at ⅔ of the length of the hall(simultanious work of the three channels provide approx 5dB more)
Sound System Guide - Cinema
Screen loudspeakers:
Sound System Guide - Cinema
Surround loudspeakers:number: 12-16 (4 on the rear wall, 3-4 on the side walls) minimum (for small halls): 8 (2 on the rear wall, 3 on the side walls)directions: first row of surrounds at ⅔ from the rear wall
last row at minimum 2-3 meters from the rear wall
Sound System Guide - Cinema
Subwoofers: Use of 18” speakers number: one piece on every 675 cubic meters Always round-up to a bigger number Sometimes is appropriate to put more, just for bigger effect
Sound System Guide - Studio
TV and Radio Studio:Hard requirements for noise (NC20-NC25)
Functional scheme of Sound Recording Studio:1. Control room2. Live room3. Dead room (voicover, vocals)4. Machine room5. Room for relax
Sound System Guide - Studio
Sound recording studios (acoustics of the control room):RT60: 0,2-0,4sWithout first reflections (Reflection Free Zone >20ms)Control of the standing waves (Bass Traping)LEDE (live end-dead end)
