Egg Yolk Oil

8/21/2019 Egg Yolk Oil

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EGG YOLK OIL – NATURE’S MAGIC

INGREDIENT!!

Maintaining healthy skin and hair is a challenge these days given the heat, dust, pollution, stress and long

working hours in air-conditioned surroundings. Artificial (chemical) hair and skin treatments are not the

permanent solutions for everyday wear & tear. In fact, chemicals damage the hair and skin irreparaly. !o

fight this challenge, nature has lessed us with a promising ingredient in the form of egg oil.

"gg oil also known as "gg yolk oil (#rdu$ Roghan Baiza Murg ) e%tracted from yolk of chicken eggs --

mainly contains triglycerides with cholesterol and phospholipids. tudies have shown that cholesterol is

essential for the skin and hair. "gg 'il is a high uality and functional source for highly io-availale

cholesterol. holesterol is readily asored into the skin and scalp. *ersonal care products containing

cholesterol have shown great promise in healing dry and damaged skin.

"gg 'il is also rich in essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (*#+A) like 'mega- & 'mega-. !hese fatty

acids are essential to maintain the normal growth of cells.

Happy And Healthy Skn

kin is an audacious organ. It protects us from environmental challenges and infection. aving a healthy skin is the

most important aspect of good health. It is ironic how we use chemicals for repairing our skin and they insteaddamage it eyond repair. "gg oil has all the properties that replenish the skin.

It is an e%cellent emollient and has the properties of a moisturi/er ecause of which it is used in a variety

of cosmetic preparations such as creams, ointments and lotions. It helps the te%ture, luricating and anti-

friction properties of these creams and lotions. It is also a penetration enhancer which makes it an

important ingredient in sun-screen products. "gg oil acts as a compatile dermatological agent. 0ith fine

spreading, it reduces the scaling effect of many cosmetic formulations, thus helping to avoid heat

congestion. !esting indicates that "gg 'il e%hiits anti-inflammatory & anti-acterial properties. tudies

also indicate that "gg 'il may dramatically reduce scarring and reduce the appearance of aging scars.

As an occlusive agent, egg oil protects against dehydration without disturing the pores and is easily

incorporated in topical preparations since it forms stale oil in water emulsions. . In a scientific study doneon human skin cells, it was found that after 12 hours "gg 'il treated cells produced less 3eactive '%ygen

pecies (3'). 3' is the ma4or cause of ageing. ence, egg oil has potent anti ageing properties. !hus

egg oil has a dramatic aility to nourish, moisturi/e and improve the condition of the skin while

maintaining youthful glow.

"gg oil is used in products meant for the treatment of urns and wounds ecause of its e%cellent healing

and anti-inflammatory properties. 0henever there is any in4ury or infection, inflammation ensues.

Inflammation is a protective attempt y the organism to remove the in4urious stimuli and to initiate the


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healing process. 0ithout inflammation, wounds and infections would never heal. Inflammation involves

pain. 3edness, heat or fever and swelling, all these are signals for the 5soldiers of the ody6 or the white

lood cells to gear up for action. !he ma4or mediator of inflammatory response is a molecule called

interleukin 7 or I8 7. "gg oil was found to stimulate the release of I8 7. !hus "gg 'il stimulates the

inflammatory processes and inhiits acterial growth at the site of in4ury and also reduces pain.

"gg oil aids re-epithilisation and it was found that the wound closes earlier in urn patients treated withegg oil than those treated with silver sulfadia/ine ointment, the later eing commonly used. !he iological

effectiveness of egg oil was tested in patients with scars. "gg oil improved lood circulation in the scar

tissue and also in the ad4acent healthy tissue. It minimi/ed the formation of scars.

Ol "# Nat$#ally %ea$t&$l Ha#

9eautiful hair is a much coveted accessory. "gg oil helps the hair to recreate itself and maintains the

te%ture of hair with the presence of the important elements. "gg oil is an e%cellent natural hair nutrient for

dry scalp which nourishes hair and promotes growth of healthy hair giving natural softness. It is ideal for

use in hair care since as it acts as a humectants drawing moisture in as it conditions. "gg oil averts falling

of hair, prevents premature graying and strengthens hair with regular use. It has superior nourishing andconditioning property which help in reducing the onset of premature hair loss. "gg oil also promotes the

growth of new hair y nourishing the hair roots.

T#ed And Te'ted Sn(e Mllena!

"gg oil is a completely natural product. It finds its reference in te%ts that date ack to thousands of years.

"gg oil also has its reference in Alchemy (originated circa 2:: 9) in regard to its effectiveness in

regeneration of skin and cell memranes. '8"';A has een used in treating wounds and in4uries since

centuries. Amroise *ar< used a solution of egg yolk, oil of roses, and turpentine for war wounds, an old

method that the 3omans had discovered =::: years efore him. e pulished his first ook >!he method

of curing wounds caused y arueus and firearms> in =?2?. It aids faster healing y re-epithilisation,

keeping the wound sterile due to its anti-acterial action and minimi/es scars. In Indian, @apanese,

hinese and the 1::: year old #nani-ti or reek system of medicine (Roghan Baiza Murgh), egg oil

was traditionally used as a treatment for hair care. +or treatment of caies in pain, 'il of "gg Bolk was

used along with oil of castor and roses in ancient Andalusia.

It I' Nat$#al) It I' Sa&e!

;A; 8ife ciences has developed a cold process technology to e%tract egg yolk oil from chicken eggs.

!his process does not use any chemicals and preserves the therapeutic properties of the oil. !his novel

ingredient randed as '8"';AC ("gg 'il) has a distinct advantage of eing safe to use even y people

allergic to eggs since it is free of egg proteins.;A; 8ife ciences *vt 8td is a pioneering name in the field

of Active pharmaceuticals Ingredients (A*Is), food ingredients and nutritional supplements.

Authored y$

St$t Sn*h

;A; 8ife ciences *vt. 8td.

?=D9 Mittal ourt, 112 Eariman *oint


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Mumai-2:::1=

*hone$ FG= 11 1177:1, +a%$ FG= 11 1177:G

"-Mail$ stutiHvav.in

0esite$ www.oleova.com www.vav.in

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Therapeutic Properties of Oleova (Egg Yolk Oil)

by Stuti Singh(more info)

listed in skincare , originally published in issue 196 - July !1

Today we face the challenge of chronic conditions that modern life has created. Heat, dust, pollution,

stress and long working hours in air-conditioned surroundings have made it tough to maintain and

defend our health and beauty. To worsen the situation, a number of toxic chemicals are beingindiscriminately used in regular cosmetic products which most of us swear by. It's proven scientifically

that chemicals in cosmetics are linked to disorders like dermatoid allergies, cancer and birth defects.

ost of these chemicals are not listed by manufacturers in the ingredients list. !hthalates, parabens,

toulene, diethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulphate top the charts of the harmful chemicals in cosmetic

products. "s a customer we fail to look beyond the media hype when a product is launched and are

largely unaware of the presence of such chemicals in our creams, lotions and shampoo. These

cosmetics in which we place our trust for healing our body actually damage it irreparably. "rtificial

cosmetics blemish rather than replenish the skin in the long run.

mailto:[email protected]://www.oleova.com/http://www.positivehealth.com/article_favorites/add/3200http://www.positivehealth.com/author/stuti-singhhttp://www.positivehealth.com/author/stuti-singhhttp://www.positivehealth.com/articles/skincarehttp://www.positivehealth.com/articles/skincarehttp://www.positivehealth.com/issue/issue-196-july-2012http://www.oleova.com/http://www.positivehealth.com/article_favorites/add/3200http://www.positivehealth.com/author/stuti-singhhttp://www.positivehealth.com/articles/skincarehttp://www.positivehealth.com/issue/issue-196-july-2012mailto:[email protected]


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Nat$#al ' the +ay t" G"

#atural cosmetics whose worth was not gauged earlier have become relevant today. #atural cosmetic

ingredients are those which are obtained directly from nature or derived from something found

naturally. #atural ingredients have a large potential of healing without any side-effects. $ne such

natural ingredient whose potential is not fully reali%ed is oil from chicken&s egg yolk. gg oil also has

its reference in "lchemy (originated circa )** + in regard to its effectiveness in regeneration of skinand cell membranes. gg yolk oil ($leova mainly contains triglycerides with cholesterol and

phospholipids. The star ingredients of egg yolk oil are $mega / and $mega 0 fatty acids a.k.a. the

poly unsaturated fatty acids (!12"s. These are classified as the essential fatty acids since the human

body cannot synthesi%e them and they need to be supplemented from outside.

%e E**ed +th E** Ol ,Ole"-a./

gg oil is a miracle ingredient that nature has blessed us with. It works wonders for both cosmetic

applications like hair care, skin care, anti ageing and also for medicinal applications like treatment of

burns and wounds.

Gl"0 Nat$#al3kin is the largest organ of the body. "ny chemical applied on skin will find the largest surface area to

enter the body. " very simple test to see how readily our skin absorbs, rub garlic on the sole of your

feet and within 4* minutes the odour fills the mouth5 2rom the skin the chemical readily enters the

bloodstream. a6ority of these chemicals are toxic and many are carcinogenic. 3o by using artificial

cosmetics on skin we are simply loading our body with toxins.

gg oil makes for an excellent ingredient in a skin cream formulation. It is an excellent emollient and

has the properties of a moisturi%er because of which it is used in a variety of cosmetic preparations

such as creams, ointments and lotions. It helps the texture, lubricating and anti-friction properties of

these creams and lotions. It is also a penetration enhancer which makes it an important ingredient in

sun-screen products. gg oil acts as a compatible dermatological agent. 7ith fine spreading, it

reduces the scaling effect of many cosmetic formulations, thus helping to avoid heat congestion.

Testing indicates that egg oil exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. "s an occlusive

agent, egg oil protects against dehydration without disturbing the pores and is easily incorporated in

topical preparations since it forms stable oil in water emulsions. Thus egg oil has a dramatic ability to

nourish, moisturi%e and improve the condition of the skin.

Ret$#nn* t" the R""t'

veryday our hair are exposed to dust and pollution. hemical treatments like colouring, rebonding,

perming further adversely affect hair. To get beautiful, long and healthy hair seems like a dream. gg

oil can help make this dream come true. In Indian, 8apanese, hinese and the 4*** year old 1nani-

tibb or 9reek system of medicine (:oghan +ai%a urgh, egg oil was traditionally used as a treatment

for hair care. The properties of egg oil create the needed impact on dull and dry hair. gg oil helps the

hair to recreate itself and maintains the texture of hair with the presence of the important elements.

gg oil is an excellent natural hair nutrient for dry scalp which nourishes hair and promotes growth of

healthy hair giving natural softness. It is ideal for use in hair care since as it acts as a humectants

drawing moisture in as it conditions. gg oil averts falling of hair, prevents premature greying and

strengthens hair with regular use. It has superior nourishing and conditioning property which help in

reducing the onset of premature hair loss. gg oil also promotes the growth of new hair by nourishing

the hair roots.


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+h"’' C"$ntn*1 2 Stay Y"$n* "#e-e#

"geing may be inevitable, but the rate at which one ages is in one&s hands. 7hile it is true that genes

may be partially responsible for determining the time at which ageing could start, ;nature& and

;nurture& are the key to slow down the process. ells, the most basic body unit, are at the centre of

any discussion about ageing. xcept for the cells of the heart, nerves, and muscles which cannot

reproduce, all other cells have short life spans and are continually replaced by new cells in the body.$ver time, cell death outpaces cell production, leaving the body with fewer cells.

"s a result, we are less capable of repairing the wear and tear on the body and our immune system is

compromised. 7e become more susceptible to infections and less proficient at seeking out and

destroying mutant cells that could cause cancerous tumours.

2ree radicals are destructive marauders roving the body, ready to pounce on healthy cells. They are

produced as part of the millions of chemical reactions the body performs to sustain life. $ur body also

makes them in response to environmental toxins such as excessive amounts of unprotected sunlight

and cigarette smoke. "s unbalanced, reactive oxygen species (:$3, they sacrifice healthy cells to

make themselves more stable. In doing so, free radicals destroy or alter the or I? >. gg oil has been found to stimulate

the release of I? >.

%$#ned &"# L&e12N"t Any3"#e 0th E** Ol

" burn in6ury is one of the most complicated, painful and worst in6uries one can suffer. 3kin protectsus from harmful elements and microbes. It also protects internal body tissues against in6ury. The skin

helps the human body regulate its body temperature through the process of perspiration, and it also

has thousands of nerve endings that allow us to feel temperature and pressure. 7hen damaged,

these functions are severely impaired which causes severe pain and discomfort to the in6ured person.

3evere burn in6uries can also leave the human body more susceptible to infection and diseases.

3urvivors of burn accident suffer from extraordinary psychological trauma due to physical

disfigurement apart from the physical pain. 2or many the ordeal is too much to survive through. The


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incidence of suicide among burn victims is =uite high. Those who do survive the physical and

psychological torture are scarred for life and needless to say that this whole process is arduous for

them.

gg oil is a life saver for burn patients. It is a natural emollient and can be used externally on burns. It

reduces pain and aids faster healing by re-epitheliali%ation keeping the wound sterile due to its anti-

bacterial action. It is also a useful first aid treatment for immediate pain relief and prevention of

blisters. The essential fatty acids of the yolk are responsible for the reduction in catabolism as well as

increased matrix synthesis and promotion of new skin growth. This minimi%es the scar formation. "s

opposed to skin grafting, egg oil does not change the texture of the new skin. It is also useful in

treating burns caused by radiations such as those caused during cancer treatment.

These properties of egg oil make it suitable for treatment of wounds as well. gg oil has been used in

treating wounds and in6uries since centuries. "mbroise !ar@ used a solution of egg yolk, oil of roses,

and turpentine for war wounds, an old method that the :omans had discovered A*** years before

him. He published his first book "he method of curing #ounds caused by ar$uebus and firearms in

AB)B.

H"0 t" Get E** Ol1

"mong other processes, one way of extracting oil from eggs is a cold process technology without the

use of any chemicals, which preserves the therapeutic properties of the egg oil thus making it very

suitable for several applications in dermatology and cosmetology. umbai-based biotechnology

research firm C"C ?ife 3ciences has developed the technology and the product $leova is available in

the market. "dditionally, $leova is free of egg proteins and therefore can be used easily even by

people who are allergic to eggs.

Comments:

A. Nadia said..

How can I order this egg oil D It is in India and I am in #ew Eork 13" - will anyone call me do

I can have it sent hereD #adia BA0-0A*-F4>B

4. Clare Fields said..

7here can I purchase $leovaD I am in ".

Thank you for your time and attention,

lare

/. Clara said..

an you use this directly on the skin or is it 6ust for mixing in recipesD


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). Stephen said..

I woul dike to purchase $leova for my skin. A gallon or AG4 9allon or A ?iter or AG4 liter.....

small amounts as well. please tell me about prices....

B. Stuti said..

Hello. Thank you all for your comments. 2or procuring this product please send an email to

marketingvav.in.

To know more about this product send and email to stutivav.in

0. mida said..

How can I purchase this productD !lease advice.

F. 4 Sure Skin Care India said..

Therapeutic 1ltrasound is a method of stimulating tissue beneath the skin's surface using

sound waves. It is a very high fre=uency massage that can penetrate up to B below the

surface of your skin.

The heating and massaging effects of Therapeutic 1ltrasound have / primary benefitsJ

K 1ltrasound therapy increases blood flow in the treated area which speeds the healing

process.

K 1ltrasound Therapy reduces swelling and edema which are the main sources of pain.

K 1ltrasound waves gently massage the muscles, tendons andGor ligaments in the treated

area. This enhances the recovery rate of damaged tissue without adding strain, and softens

any scar tissue that is usually present in an in6ured area.

7hat can be treated with 1ltrasoundD

"n incredibly wide variety of ailments are treated using ultrasound. ssentially, anywhere

there is a desire to promote blood circulation and reduce swelling and edema, ultrasound will

help, like Tendon In6uries, uscle In6uries and ?igament In6uries.

2or !roduct (Handheld assagers in=uiries contact ) 3ure 3kin are India, umbai.

>. Deb said..


8/35

I have read this article and as a practicing beauty therapistGesthetician and interested in using

and creating natural active skincare products found this to be of particular benefit.

L. Amish Dalal said..

Eou can send me your en=uiries at sales vav.in for a prompt =uote.

"mish

A*. Kkoun said..

I am located in Texas, 13". How can I get this product $leovaD Is it available onlineD

AA. RAJKUMAR HARAKA said..

phenomenal product .

A4. !rashant A"ra#al said..

3eems like a magical ingredient, a solution to all skin issues.

Edit Article

How to Make Egg Oil at HomeYou can make Egg oil (Urdu:Roghan Baiza Murgh) at home for cosmetic use inhair care and skin care. Egg oil is useful for treating acne, hair fall, graying and

aging. t is a safer alternati!e to using egg yolks directly since they may "e

contaminated #ith salmonella ("acteria) #hich can induce se!ere inflammation.

Ad

http://www.wikihow.com/index.php?title=Make-Egg-Oil-at-Home&action=edithttp://www.wikihow.com/Make-Egg-Oil-at-Homehttp://www.wikihow.com/index.php?title=Make-Egg-Oil-at-Home&action=edithttp://www.wikihow.com/Make-Egg-Oil-at-Home


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Ingredients

•

6 chicken eggs

Steps

1.


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1

Hard boil 6 eggs for 15 - 20 minutes. +eel a,ter natral cooling and ct in

hal-es.

Ad

.


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/.


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(.


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5.


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%ersist. 4ontine heating ntil all the proteins are #rnt #lack and the oil

ooes ot. 7t !ill take a long time #e,ore this happens. At this stage o !ill

o#ser-e a lot o, pngent smoke.

6.


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6

&ool. Allo! the pan to cool to room temperatre.

%.


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'

ilter the oil. S8eee the oil9 3lter it throgh a 3ne cloth or a strainer. Store

in a clean9 dr glass or ceramic not metal or plastic; #ottle. se a nlon or

snthetic cloth to 3lter as cotton tends to a#sor# a lot o, oil !hich !old #e

!asted. 7, there are an solid particles o see in the oil9 3lter again to ensre

o ha-e onl clear9 transparent oil. A-oid an e'posre to !ater or dipping

anthing inside the #ottle ,or a longer li,e. 0o can store re,rigerated p to

three ears or at room temperatre p to one ear. 7, handled care,ll9 the

oil remains sterile p to 5 ears.


18/35

).

graing or to treat acne. Al!as se a clean9 dr spoon to pre-ent moistre

contamination.

o 0o can also se this oil on minor #rns9 cts and !onds.


19/35

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Cornal o, the American Oil 4hemistsD Societ

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Extraction of egg-yolk lecithin

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=:a:df?Jd1?:d http$DDlink.springer "%traction of egg ??-?G 1::? 1::?

7 8u/ ". *alacios, @ournal of the A =:.=::JDs==J2- 71

=??7-G= 9uy now

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Abstract

n this research, the e4traction of egg5yolk lecithin #ith ethanol #as studied. E4traction #as

%erformed #ith deoiled and undeoiled yolks and #ith heated and unheated yolks. 3he yield of

the e4tracted fraction relati!e to the initial material, %hos%holi%id (67) %urity, and cholesterol

content of "oth the 685enriched fractions and the remaining 67 fractions #ere determined. 3he

yield and 67 %urity of the 685enriched fractions o"tained from the undeoiled yolks #ere '.

and '.9, and those o"tained from deoiled yolks #ere ;'. and '.'. 3he reco!ery of total

67 in the t#o fractions #as higher from the undeoiled (9


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Jo Kod 2e't $$ translate meL

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SH7@AC72 (&14opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td. Phytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;O7: 1&.1&&ptr4opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td.

+H02O2HEA+0 ESEA4HPhytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;+#lished online 1/ e#rar &&% in Gile 7nterScience!!!.interscience.!ile.com; /: 1&.1&&ptr.1&&

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Shilait 3e,iewSura %. garwal4 3aesh hanna14 3itesh armarkar4 "d. halid nwer and3oop . harepartment o, +harmacetics9 Camia Hamdard Hamdard ni-ersit;9 Hamdard Jagar9 Je! elhi 11&&69 7ndia

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1+resent address: a#r esearch ondation9 9 Site 79 Sahi#a#ad9 Bhaia#ad9 ttar +radeshPN &1&1&9 7ndia

Shilait is a pale-brown to bla+kish-brown e7udation4 of ,ariable +onsisten+y4 e7uding fromlayers of ro+ks inmany mountain ranges of the world4 espe+ially the Himalayas and Hindukush ranges of the/ndian sub+ontinent./t has been found to +onsist of a +omple7 mi7ture of organi+ humi+ substan+es and plantand mi+robial

metabolites o++urring in the ro+k rhi8ospheres of its natural habitat. Shilait has been usedas a reu,enatorand an adaptogen for thousands of years4 in one form or another4 as part of traditionalsystems of medi+inein a number of +ountries. "any therapeuti+ properties ha,e been as+ribed to it4 a numberof whi+h ha,e been,eri9ed by modern s+ienti9+ e,aluation. Shilait has been attributed with many mira+uloushealing properties.&opyright : 200' ;ohn td.Keywords: ShilajitQ hmic s#stancesQ Ar-edic rasaanQ adaptogen.Received 12 October 2006Revised 24 November 2006

Accepted 11 December 2006R 4orrespondence to: ajesh hanna9 a#r esearch ondation9 9Site 79 Sahi#a#ad9 Bhaia#ad9 ttar +radesh N &1&1&9 7ndia.E$mail: khannarTda#r.com

4ontractgrant sponsor: B49 Je! elhi.4ontractgrant sponsor: 4S79 Je! elhi.

mainstream medicine i, their claims are e-alatedscienti3call and docmented sstematicall.Shilajit is one sch remed9 !hich has #een in se asa ,olk medicine ,or o-er /&&& ears as a rej-enatorand adaptogen Sharma9 1F%);. 7t has #een sed #aidas and Hakims ,or ages and has a ni8e placein the ancient te'ts. 7t has #een said that there is hardlan cra#le disease that cannot #e controlled or cred!ith the aid o, shilajit. Althogh this is a tall order9scienti3c stdies o-er the past &N5 ears ha-e sho!nthat it is indeed a panacea in traditional medicine9eecti-e in a nm#er o, ailments. 2his is a #rie, re-ie!o, the ancient claims ,or this panacea and the modernscienti3c 3ndings that ha-e -alidated these claims.Shilajit mainl consists o, paleohms arond )&N)5I; and organic componds deri-ed ,rom -egetation,ossils that ha-e #een compressed nder laers o, rocks,or hndreds o, ears and ha-e ndergone a highamont o, metamorphosis de to the high temperatreand pressre conditions pre-alent there Bhosal et a.91FF1aQ Bhosal et a.9 1FF%Q Bhosal et a.9 1FF/#;.ring !arm smmer months9 shilajit #ecome less-iscos and Uo!s ot #et!een the laers o, rocks./?@3*&@/?Shilajit9 also kno!n as salajit9 shilajat9 mmie or

mmmio is a pale$#ro!n to #lackish$#ro!n e'dation9o, -aria#le consistenc9 ,rom laers o, rocksin man montain ranges o, the !orld9 especiall theHimalaan ranges o, the 7ndian s#continent onget a.9 1F)%Q Sri-asta-a et a.9 1F)); ig. 1;. 7t is also,ond in ssia9 2i#et9 Jor!a and other contries9!here it is collected in small 8antities ,rom steeprock ,aces at altitdes #et!een 1&&& and 5&&& m. Shilajitsamples ,rom dierent region o, the !orld9 ho!e-er9


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-ar in their phsiological properties.Shilajit9 an ancient traditional medicine has #eenascri#ed a nm#er o, pharmacological acti-ities andhas #een sed ,or ages as a rej-enator and ,or treatinga nm#er o, disease conditions Achara et a.9 1F));.Modern scienti3c research has sstematicall -alidated

a nm#er o, properties o, shilajit and has pro-en thatshilajit is trl a panacea in Oriental medicine 4hopraet a.9 1F5)Q Bhosal9 1FF/;. Since there are a nm#ero, sch remedies descri#ed in or ancient te'ts9 it isimperati-e that research is carried ot in order to-alidate their claims and ses.

2raditional medicine is an integral part o, the healthcare sstem in a nm#er o, de-eloping contries inclding7ndia. 2here are a nm#er o, natral remedies9!hich ha-e #een in se ,or ages in Asian contries #tn,ortnatel lack sstematic scienti3c e-alation anddocmentation. 2he !orld toda is looking at theseremedies ,or a nm#er o, ailments. Ho!e-er9 theseremedies can onl 3nd a place ,or themsel-es in theigure 1. ock shilajit in its ra! ,orm.4opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td. Phytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;O7: 1&.1&&ptr

(& S. +. ABAGA@ !" A#.

SH/>;/@ /? ?&/A?@ @AB@SShilajit has #een sed ,or thosands o, ears9 in one,orm or another9 nder the indigenos sstems o, medicinesch as Ar-eda9 Siddha and nani. 7t is #itter intaste and its smell resem#les pngent co!Vs stale rineBhosal9 1FF(Q Bhosal et a.9 1FF5e;. 7t has -ariossnonms. 7n Sanskrit9 it is called Silajit or Silaras9 adrija9girija all meaning deri-ed ,rom rock;. 7n English9 it iscalled asphalt9 mineral pitch or Ce!s pitch. 7n Hindi9Bjarati and Marathi9 it is called Silajita9 Shilajit. 7nKengali9 it is called Silajat. 7n Ara#ic9 it is called Hajarl$msa. 7t is also called9 Momio in +ersian9 mem inssian and mmie in Berman 4hopra et a.9 1F5)QBhosal9 1FF/Q Bhosal et a.9 &&&;. 2he Sanskrit meaningo, shilajit is W4on8eror o, montain and destroero, !eaknessV. 2here are se-eral other terms ,or shilajitsch as dathras9 dathsara9 shiladhat9 etc ha-e #eensed in ancient medical te'ts. 2he !ord dhat !as sedas a snonm o, shilajit simpl to emphasie its capa#ilitas rasaana9 !hich increases the acti-it o, thesapthadhats o, the #od 2e!ari et a.9 1F%/;.C3/A@/AS SH/>;/@

2here are ,or dierent -arieties o, shilajit !hich ha-e#een descri#ed in charka samhita9 namel sa-rana9 rajat9tamra and laha shilajit. Sa-rana shilajit is gold shilajitand is red in color. 2amra is a copper shilajit and is#le in color. ajat is a sil-er shilajit and is !hite incolor !hile the laha shilajit is an iron$containingshilajit and is #ro!nish$#lack in color. 2amra andsa-rana shilajit are not ,ond commonl #t thelast -ariet9 i.e. laha shilajit is commonl ,ond inHimalaan ranges and is spposed to #e most eecti-e


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according to the therapetic point o, -ie! Bhosalet a.9 1FF5#9 1FF5cQ Sharma9 1F%)Q 4hopra et a.9 1F5);.3/D/? SH/>;/@

2here are man scientists !ho claim that shilajit e'ding,rom a laer o, rocks o, montains is #asicall o, -egetati-e origin 4hopra et a.9 1F5)Q Shakir et a.9 1F65;.

Ancient te'ts o, Sshrta samhita and rasarangini also,ocs on these points. 7t has #een mentioned in Sshrtasamhita that in the month o, MaNCne the sap or late'

jice o, plant emerges as a gmm e'dation ,rom therocks o, montains de to the strong heat o, the sn9and asarangini and !arishtarang also claim thatshilajit is an e'dation o, late' gm resin9 etc. o, plants!hich comes ,rom rocks o, montains nder the presenceo, harsh scorching heat. Kt e'act scienti3c proo, on the origin o, shilajit remains incomplete.

2here are a nm#er o, hpotheses a#ot the origino, shilajit Coshi et a.9 1FF(;. Earl scienti3c !ork carriedot on shilajit sho!ed that it is mainl composedo, hms N the characteristic constitents o, soil Ntogether !ith other organic constitents. @ate' #earingplants9 namel !$phorbia royea%a Koiss and "ri&oe$mrepe%s !hich occr in the -icinit o, the shilajit #earingrocks are thoght to #e the most likel sorce o, shilajitBhosal et a.9 1F%6Q Bhosal et a.9 1F))#;. Other recentresearch claims that the mosses o, species sch as'arb$a9 (isside%c9 )i%i$m9 "h$idi$m and species o, @i-er!orts like Asterea9 D$mortiera9 )archa%tia9Peia9 Pa*iochasma and +tephe%re%cea,A%thoceros!ere present in the -icinit o, shilajit$e'ding rocksand these #rophtes are responsi#le ,or the ,ormationo, shilajit Coshi et a.9 1FF(;. 2he #rophtes re-eal theoccrrence o, minerals and metals in their tisses schas copper9 sil-er9 inc9 iron9 lead etc9 !hich are similarto the elements present in shilajit.&HA"/&> &?S@/@*A?@SE'tensi-e research has #een carried ot to determinethe e'act chemical natre o, shilajit. Earlier !orkon shilajit sho!ed that its major organic constitentsinclded #enoic acid9 hippric acid9 ,att acids9 resinand !a' materials9 gms9 al#minoids and -egeta#lematter !ith #enoic acid #eing the acti-e ingredientong et a.9 1F)%Q Bhosal et a.9 1F%6;. E'tensi-e researchin the 1F)&s sho!ed that the major organic masso, shilajit comprised hms 6&N)&I; along !ith othercomponents sch as #enoic acid9 hippric acid9 ,att

acid9 ichthol9 ellagic acid9 resin9 triterpenes9 sterol9aromatic car#o'lic acid9 /9($#enocomarins9 aminoacids and phenolic lipids Bhosal et a.9 1F))#;. 2hemajor phsiological action o, shilajit !as ,ond to#e de to the presence o, the #ioacti-e di#enoalpha$prones along !ith hmic and ,l-ic acids !hichacted as carrier molecles ,or the acti-e ingredientsBhosal9 1FF&Q Bhosal9 1F)&;.

2he composition o, shilajit is inUenced # ,actors


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sch as the plant$species in-ol-ed9 the geological natreo, the rock9 local temperatre pro3les9 hmidit andaltitde9 etc. or e'ample9 it !as ,ond that shilajito#tained ,rom 7ndia in the region o, moan containsa higher percentage o, ,l-ic acids 1.(I; compared!ith shilajit o#tained ,rom Jepal 15.(I;9 +akistan

15.5I; and ssia 1F.&I;. On the other hand9 the#ioacti-e lo! moleclar compond is ,ond in high8antities in shilajit o#tained ,rom Jepal. Similarlthe pH o, 1I a8eos soltions -aried in the shilajito#tained ,rom dierent contries9 namel9 6. ,or 7ndiamoan;9 %.5 ,or Jepal olpa;9 6.) ,or +akistan+esha!ar; and ). ,or ssia 2ien$Shan;. Similarl9hmic constitents in shilajit samples o#tained ,romthese contries also -aried Bhosal et a.9 1FF1#;.%*3//&@/? ? 3"*>@/? SH/>;/@Modern research has sho!n that shilajit in its natral,orm is o,ten contaminated # -aring amonts o, imprities sch as mcoto'ins9 hea- metal ions9 polmeric8inones9 reacti-e ,ree radicals9 etc. Mcoto'insare prodced # mold or ,ngi and can case illness ordeath in man. ree radicals can #e harm,l to cells andare #elie-ed to #e a casati-e ,actor in aging. +olmeric8inones are an o'idation prodct o, 8inic acid!hich is ,ond in some plants. Hence9 it is necessar topri, the shilajit #e,ore it is consmed. 2he 3ndingsSH7@AC72 (&/4opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td. Phytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;O7: 1&.1&&ptr

are consistent !ith the ancient te'ts !hich recommendthe pri3cation o, shilajit #e,ore consmption Bhosalet a.9 1FF6;.

*SAS SH/>;/@ /? @3/@/?>"A/&/?AShilajit has an important and ni8e place in traditionalte'ts sch as Ar-eda Siddha and nani medicine.Shilajit is prescri#ed to treat genitorinar disorder9

jandice9 gallstone9 digesti-e disorders9 enlarged spleen9epileps9 ner-os disorder9 chronic #ronchitis9 anemia.Shilajit is gi-en along !ith milk to treat dia#etes. Shilajithas also #een ascri#ed a potent aphrodisiac propert.According to Ar-eda9 shilajit arrests the process o, aging and prodces rej-enation !hich are t!o importantaspects o, an Ar-edic rasaana Bhosal9 1FF&;.Shilajit is se,l ,or treating kidne stones9 oedema9

piles9 internal antiseptic9 adiposit9 to redce ,at andanore'ia. Shilajit is prescri#ed along !ith gggl to treat,ractres. 7t is #elie-ed that it goes to the joints and,orms a calls 8ickl. 2he same com#ination is alsosed to treat osteoarthritis and spondlitis.Shilajit is also sed as oga-aha Bhosal et a.9 1FF1#QBhosal et a.9 1FF5c; oga-aha is an agent !hichenhances the propert o, other drgs;. Shilajit is soakedin the decoction o, one or more o, the ,ollo!ing plants asthis is said to increase their eXcac: +horia rob$sta sala;9


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'acha%a%ia acti&oia piala;9 Acacia &er%esia%a acacia;9"ermi%aia tome%tosa asana;9 -atech$ %i*r$m catech;9"ermi%aia cheb$a mro#elan; and +ida cordi&oia#ala;. Gork has recentl #een initiated to ,rther in-estigatethis propert o, shilajit hanna9 &&5;.%3A&>/?/&> 3ASA3&H ? @HA &@/C/@E

SH/>;/@ntiul+erogeni+ and antiin$ammatory a+ti,ityStdies !ere carried ot on shilajit samples collected,rom dierent locations to e-alate their possi#le roleas antilcerogenic and antiinUammator agents. 7t !as,ond that shilajit increased the car#ohdrateproteinratio and decreased the gastric lcer inde'9 indicatingan increased mcs #arrier Bhosal et a.9 1F))a;. Shilajit!as also ,ond to ha-e potent antiinUammator acti-itin all three models o, acte9 s#acte and chronicinUammation. Shilajit9 at a dose o, 5& mgkg !as also,ond to signi3cantl redce carrageenan$indced hindpa! oedema in rats9 ha-ing an eect compara#le tophenl#taone 1&& mgkg9 i.p.; and #etamethasone&.5 mgkg9 i.p.; Boel et a.9 1FF&;.Shilajit is perhaps the 3rst agent to possess #othantilcerogenic and antiinUammator acti-ities andthis ni8e propert o, shilajit can #e sa,el tilied inclinical practice.ntio7idant a+ti,ity

2he antio'idant propert o, processed shilajit !ascompared !ith nprocessed shilajit and -itamin 4ascor#ic acid;. +rocessed shilajit e'hi#ited signi3cantantio'idant acti-it o, itsel, and also had the a#ilit toregenerate reccle; ascor#ic acid a,ter it had netralied,ree radicals. 2he dihdro'#eno$alpha$pronesin shilajit cased reccling regeneration; o, ascor#icacid. nprocessed shilajit did not consistentl e'hi#itthe antio'idant acti-it.7n another e'periment9 processed shilajit !as tested,or its a#ilit to netralie slphite anion9 hdro' andnitric o'ide ,ree radicals. 4hemical polmeriation #,ree radicals !as measred !ith and !ithot processedshilajit. +rocessed shilajit pro-ided almost complete protectiono, methl methacrlate against hdro'l radicalindcedpolmeriation and signi3cantl inhi#ited thepolmeriation o, methlmethacrlate # the slphite,ree radical. +rocessed shilajit eXcientl trapped nitrico'ide ,ree radicals. 2he antio'idant eects !ere concentrationdependent. Higher concentrations o, processed

shilajit pro-ided greater ,ree radical protectionBhosal et a.9 1FF5#Q Khattachara et a.9 1FF5;.7n a separate e'periment9 the eect o, shilajit onlipid pero'idation and glthathione content in rat li-erhomogenates !as also in-estigated. 7t !as ,ond thatshilajit inhi#ited lipid pero'idation indced # cmenehdropero'ide and A+e++ comple' in a dose dependentmanner Bhosal9 &&&;. Shilajit also decreasedthe rate o, o'idation o, redced gltathione content


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and inhi#ited the ongoing lipid pero'idation !hich !asindced # these agents immediatel a,ter its additionto the inc#ation sstem 2ripathi et a.9 1FF6;.>earning augmentation

2he std !as carried ot to test the -alidit o, se o, shilajit as an Ar-edic medha rasaana enhancer o,

memor and learning; in al#ino rats. +rocessed shilajit9nati-e shilajit and a preparation consisting o, a mi'treo, ethl acetate e'tracti-e and ,l-ic acids o#tained,rom processed shilajit !ere e-alated in an acti-ea-oidance9 ele-ated pls$mae and open 3eld #eha-iorparadigms. 7t !as ,ond that processed shilajit andits acti-e constitents total ethl acetate ,raction and,l-ic acids; signi3cantl increased the learning ac8isitionand memor retention in old al#ino rats Bhosalet a.9 1FF/a;. Ho!e-er9 shilajit nati-e prodced anerratic response #oth agmenti-e and retardati-e; inthe a#o-e parameters.ntidiabeti+ a+ti,ityia#etes mellits !as prodced in male al#ino rats #the administration o, streptootocin S2Y; (5 mgkgs.c. on t!o consecti-e das. Hperglcemia along!ith spero'ide dismtase acti-it o, pancreatic isletcells !as assessed on das %9 1(9 1 and ) ,ollo!ingS2Y administration. 7n t!o separate other grops9shilajit at a dose o, 5& and 1&& mgkg9 p.o. !as administeredconcrrentl ,rom ) das. 7t !as ,ond thatS2Y indced signi3cant hperglcemia # da 1(9 !hich!as ,rther increased progressi-el on das 1 and ).Similarl S2Y also indced a decrease in pancreaticislet cell spero'ide dismtase acti-it !hich !as apparenton da % and increased progressi-el9 therea,teron das 1(9 1 and ). Shilajit at a dose o, 5& and4opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td. Phytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;O7: 1&.1&&ptr

(&( S. +. ABAGA@ !" A#.

1&& mgkg9 p.o. had no dispersi#le per se eect on the#lood glcose le-el in normal rats #t attenated thehperglcemic response o, S2Y ,rom da 1( on!ards9thogh onl the eect o, the higher dose !as statisticallsigni3cantl. Similarl9 #oth doses9 i.e. 5& and1&& mgkg p.o.9 o, shilajit redced the S2Y$indceddecrease in spero'ide dismtase acti-it ,rom da1( on!ards9 the eect o, lo!er dose #eing statisticallinsigni3cant. An earlier o#ser-ation that S2Y$indcedhperglcemia ma #e de to a decrease in pancreatic

islet spero'ide dismtase acti-it9 leading to an accmlationo, ,ree radicals and damage o, #eta cells has#een con3rmed # these e'periments. Shilajit pre-ents#oth eects o, S2Y possi#l # its action as a ,reeradical sca-enger. 2his e'periment spports the earlier!riting o, Ar-eda that shilajit can pre-ent matritonset dia#etes mellits Khattachara9 1FF5;."emory enhan+ement and an7iolyti+ a+ti,ity

2he eect o, shilajit !as in-estigated ,or ptati-e nanotropicand an'ioltic acti-it in 4harles oster strain


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al#ino rats. 2he nanotropic acti-it !as assessed #passi-e a-oidance learning ac8isition and retention!hile the an'ioltic acti-it !as stdied and e-alated# the ele-ated pls$mae techni8e. 2he reslts o, these stdies indicated that shilajit had signi3cantnanotropic and an'ioltic acti-ities. 2he #iochemical

stdies carried ot ,or the le-el o, monoamines indicatedthat acte treatment !ith shilajit had an insigni3canteect on rat #rain monoamines and monoaminemeta#olite le-els. Ho!e-er9 it !as o#ser-ed that s#acte5 das; dose treatment cased a decrease in 5$hdro' indole acetic acid concentration and an increasein the le-el o, dopamine9 homo-allanic acid and /9($dihdro'phenl acetic acid concentration !ith aninsigni3cant eect on noradrenaline and /$metho'$($hdrophenlethlene glcol le-els. 2he o#ser-ed nerochemicalstdies on shilajit indicate a decrease in rat#rain 5$hdro'trptamine trno-er9 associated !ith anincrease in dopaminergic acti-it leading to an increasein memor and an'ioltic acti-it in al#ino rats Cais!aland Khattachara9 1FF;.ntistress a+ti,ityShilajit collected ,rom 7ndia9 Jepal9 +akistan and ssiaand organic constitents isolated ,rom them !ere stdied,or their antistress eect in al#ino mice. 7t !as ,ondthat shilajit ,rom moan 7ndia;9 olpa Jepal; anda com#ination o, the total ethl acetate e'tract and,l-ic acids e'tracted ,rom moan shilajit prodced astatisticall signi3cant impro-ement in ,orced s!immingindced immo#ilit in al#ino mice Bhosal et a.9 1FF1#;.ntiallergi+ a+ti,ity

2he eect o, shilajit and its main acti-e constitents,l-ic acids9 (′ $metho'$6$car#ometho'#iphenl and/9)$dihdro'$di#eno$alpha$prone !ere stdied inrelation to the degranlation and disrption o, mastcell against no'ios stimli. Shilajit and its acti-e constitentspro-ided satis,actor signi3cant protection toantigen$indced degranlation o, sensitied mast cells9markedl inhi#ited the antigen indced spasm o, sensitiedginea$pig ilem and pre-ented mast cell disrptionBhosal et a.9 1F)F;. 2hese 3ndings are consistent!ith the therapetic se o, shilajit in the treatment o, allergic disorders./mmunomodulatory a+ti,ityShilajit as an immnomodlator agent !as stdied inmice that !ere gi-en either shilajit e'tract or a place#o.

2he !hite #lood cell acti-it !as stdied and monitoredprior to and at inter-als a,ter recei-ing the shilajite'tract or a place#o. 7t !as ,ond that the !hite #loodcell acti-it !as increased # shilajit e'tract. 2he o#ser-edacti-it increased as the dose o, shilajit e'tractand time o, e'posre !as increased Khamik et a.91FF/;. Shilajit and its com#ined constitents elicited andacti-ated9 to dierent degrees9 mrine peritoneal macrophagesand acti-ated splenoctes o, tmor$#earing


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animals at earl and later stages o, tmor gro!th.7n another e'periment9 the eect o, shilajit !as determinedon the le-els o, #rain monoamines in rats. 7t !as,ond that shilajit at a dose o, 5 and 5& mgkg i.p. ,or5 das signi3cantl redced the le-el o, 5$hdo'trptamine and 5$hdro' indole acetic acid and increased

the le-el o, dopamine9 noradrenaline and theirmeta#olites in rat #rain. 2hese changes in nerotransmitterle-els are similar to those seen in cases o, increasedhmoral immne; acti-it and hence -alidateits se as an ar-edic rasaana Bhosal9 1FF&;.nti /S a+ti,ityShilajit is endo!ed !ith #oth immnopotentiatingBhosal9 1FF&9 1FFa9 1FF#9 Bhosal9 1FF)Q Bhosal et a.91FF5a9 1FF5dQ Khamik et a.9 1FF/; and -iral loadredcing properties Bhosal9 &&&Q &&a;. 4linical stdiesin A7S patients !ith a mlti$component natralprodct$,ormlation9 comprising three essential andthree spporti-e ingredients9 in !hich shilajit !as oneo, the essential constitents !as condcted. O, the /6patients enrolled9 !ho recei-ed the treatment !iththe ,ormlation ,or 6 months sho!ed positi-e signs o, impro-ement. 2heir 4( and 4) cell conts !ereincreased ,rom 5F } 11F 4(; and %// } ()/ 4); to

/56 } &/ and F)( } /569 respecti-el. 2en patients !horecei-ed the treatment ,or 1 ear9 sho!ed a distinctimpro-ement in the smptoms and agmentation in the

4(9 516 } %Q 4) 115% } () cell conts Bhosal9&&6;.%@A?@S ? SH/>;/@E'tensi-e research has #een carried ot on shilajit to

jsti, its claims. A research std on shilajit #ioacti-e

constitents pro-ed that the ha-e healing9 antiagingand restorati-e properties. 2he ,ollo!ing is a list o, patents so ,ar 3led on shilajit: S +atent Jo. 59(&5961/N -itaminmineral composition o!land9 1FF5;Q S+atent application Jo. &&/&1F)6F5 N Her#o$mineralcomposition Bhosal9 &&a;Q S +atent Jo. 69((&9(/6SH7@AC72 (&54opright &&% Cohn Gile > Sons9 @td. Phytother. Res. 219 (&1N(&5 &&%;O7: 1&.1&&ptr

N +rocess ,or preparing pri3ed shilajit composition,rom nati-e Shilajit Bhosal9 &&#;Q S +atent Jo.6955)9%1 N eli-er sstem ,or pharmacetical9 ntritionaland cosmetic ingredients Bhosal9 &&/;.&?&>*S/?

Shilajit is a hms rich #lackish$#ro!n s#stance9 !hichis -er se,l in man diseases and ser-es as a potenttonic. 7t is perhaps the #est rasaana Ar-eda hasprescri#ed. Althogh these and man other claims o, shilajit had #een mentioned in ancient te'ts9 the lackedscienti3c -alidation. Modern research has -alidatedthese claims and has pro-en shilajit to #e a panacea inoriental medicine. Since there are a nm#er o, traditionalmedicines a-aila#le !ith -aried claims regarding


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their therapetic acti-it9 it is necessar that research #endertaken #ased on modern scienti3c methods possi#lleading to more panaceas in traditional medicine.+knowledgementGe thank B49 Je! elhi and 4S79 Je! elhi ,or the ,ello!shipand 3nancial aid gi-en ,or the project.

3AA3A?&AS

Achara SK9 rotan MH9 Boel 9 2ripathi S9 as +. 1F)).+harmacological actions o, Shilajit. 7ndian C E'p Kiol 26:%%5N%%%.Khattachara S. 1FF5. Shilajit attenates streptoocin indceddia#etes mellits and decrease in pancreatic islet spero'idedismtase acti-it in rats. +htother es F: (1N((.Khattachara S9 Sen A+9 Bhosal S. 1FF5. Eects o, Shilajit on#iogenic ,ree radicals. +htother es F: 56N5F.Khamik S9 4hattapadha S9 Bhosal S. 1FF/. Eects o, Shilajiton mose peritoneal macrophages. +htother es ': (5N(%.4hopra J9 4hopra 749 Handa @9 apoor . 1F5). 7n 7ndigenosrgs o, 7ndia. .J. har > Sons: 4alctta9 (5%N(61.Bhosal S. 1F)F. 2he acets and acts o, Shilajit. esearch ande-elopment o, 7ndigenos rgs9 andia +49 ohara SKeds;. 7nstitte o, Histor o, Medicine and Medical esearch:

Je! elhi9 %N)&.Bhosal S. 1FF&. 4hemistr o, Shilajit9 an immnomodlatorAr-edic rasaan. +re Appl 4hem 7+A4; 62: 1)5N1)).Bhosal S. 1FFa. Shilajit: 7ts origin and signi3cance in li-ingmatter. 7ndian C 7ndig Med F: 1N/.Bhosal S. 1FF#. 2he saga o, Shilajit9 +roceedings o, nd7ndo$orean Smposim on Jatral +rodcts9 Seolorea9 +lenar lectre;. 1N1.Bhosal S. 1FF/. Shilajit: 7ts origin and -ital signi3cance. 7n

2raditional Medicine9 Mkherjee K ed.;. O',ord N 7KH: Je!elhi9 /&)N/1F.Bhosal S. 1FF(. 2he aroma principles o, gomtra andkarprgandha Shilajit. 7ndian C 7ndig Med 11: 11N1(.Bhosal S. 1FF). Standardiation o, phto$ and her#o$mineralmedicines. 7n +roceedings o, Jational Smposim on+roprietar and +atented Medicines. 4alctta9 N).Bhosal S. &&&. ree radicals9 o'idati-e stress and antio'idantde,ense. +htomedica 21: 1N).Bhosal S. &&a. Her#o$Mineral compositions. S +atent applicationJo. &&/&1F)6F5.Bhosal S. &&#. +rocess ,or preparing pri3ed shilajit ,romnati-e shilajit. S +atent Jo. 69((&9(/6.Bhosal S. &&/. eli-er sstem ,or pharmacetical9 ntritionaland cosmetic ingredient. S +atent Jo. 6955)9%1.Bhosal S. &&6. Kiological eects o, shilajit. 7n Shilajit inperspecti-e9 Bhosal S. ed.;. Jarosa +#lishing Hose9 Je!elhi9 1/N156.Bhosal S9 Khamik S9 4hattopadha S. 1FF5a. Shilajit indcedmorphometric and ,nctional changes in mose peritonealmacrophages. +htother es F: 1F(N1F).Bhosal S9 a!anishi 9 Saiki . 1FF5e. Shilajit odor +art /.

2he chemistr o, shilajit odor. 7ndian C 4hem !#G: (&N((.

Bhosal S9 @al C9 Cais!al A9 Khattachara S. 1FF/a. Eects o, Shilajit and its acti-e constitents on learning and memorin rats. +htother es ': FN/(.Bhosal S9 @al C9 a-i 9 0atendra . 1FF/#. Similarities in thecore strctre o, shilajit and soil hms. Soil Kiol Kiochem25: /%%N/)1.Bhosal S9 @al C9 Singh S. 1FF1a. 2he core strctre o, shilajithms. Soil Kiol Kiochem 2!: 6%/N6)&.Bhosal S9 @al C9 Singh S9 Boel 9 Cais!al A9 Khattachara S.1FF1#. 2he need ,or ,ormlation o, Shilajit # its isolatedacti-e constitents. +htother es 5: 11N16.Bhosal S9 @al C9 Singh S et al. 1F)F. Mast cell protecting eects


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o, Shilajit and its constitents. +htother es !: (FN5.Bhosal S9 @ata S9 mar 0. 1FF6. ree radicals o, Shilajithms. 7ndian C 4hem !#G: 5F1N5F5.Bhosal S9 @ata S9 mar 09 Bar K9 Misra J. 1FF5#. 7nteractiono, Shilajit !ith #iogenic ,ree radicals. 7ndian C 4hem !#G:5F6N6&.Bhosal S9 Mkherjee K9 Khattachara S. 1FF5c. Shilajit N Acomparati-e std o, the ancient and the modern scienti3c

3ndings. 7ndian C 7ndig Med 1': 1N1&.Bhosal S9 Mkhopadha K9 Khattachara S. &&&. Shilajit9a rasaan o, 7ndian traditional medicine. 7n MoleclarAspects o, Asian Medicines9 Mori A9 Satoh 2 eds;. +C+#lication @td: Gest#r9 J09 (5N(((.Bhosal S9 Mkhopadha K9 Mrganandam A. 1FF5d.Ar-edic her#o$mineral -italiers: Ancient and modernperspecti-es. 7ndian C 7ndig Med 1': 1N1.Bhosal S9 Mrganandam A9 Mkhopadha K9 KhattacharaS. 1FF%. Hms9 the epitome o, Ar-edic makshika.7ndian C 4hem !6G: 5F6N6&(.Bhosal S9 edd C+9 @al . 1F%6. Shilajit: 4hemical constitents.

C +harm Sci 65: %%N%%/.Bhosal S9 Singh S9 mar 0 et al. 1F))a. Shilajit. /. Antilcerogenico, ,l-ic acids and ($metho'$6$car#ometho'#iphenlisolated ,rom Shilajit. +htother es 2: 1)%N1F1.

Bhosal S9 Singh S9 Sri-asta-a S. 1F))#. Shilajit part .Kiphenl meta#olites ,rom 2ri,olim repens. C 4hem es1F6: 165N166.Boel 9 Kannerjee S9 Achara SK. 1FF&. Anti$lcerogenic andanti$inUammator stdies !ith Shilajit. C Ethnopharmacol2F: F5N1&/.

Cais!al A9 Khattachara S. 1FF. Eects o, Shilajit onmemor9 an'iet and #rain monoamines in rats. 7ndian

C +harmacol 2#: 1N1%. Coshi BB9 2e!ari 49 +ande J9 +ande B. 1FF(. Krophte9the sorce o, the origin o, Shilajit N a ne! hpothesis.K M E K 15: 1&6N111.hanna 9 &&5. Jo-el #ioa-aila#ilit enhancers ,rom natralsorces9 2hesis +h..;9 Camia Hamdard Hamdard ni-ersit;9Je! elhi.ong 049 Ktt ++H9 Jg H9 4heng 9 4am#le 49 Malla SK.1F)%. 4hemical stdies on a Japalese panaceaQ Shilajit.

7nt C 4rde rg es 25: 1%FN1)%.o!land . 1FF5. itaminmineral composition. S +atentJo. 59(&5961/.Shakir J9 Salim J9 Khatt M9 arimllah. 1F65. Stdies onWSilajitV Asphalt; +art$7. +ak C Sci 7ndstr es )N/&.Sharma +. 1F%). 7n ar-agna ijnan9 (th edn. 4hakkham#aSanskrit Sansthan aranasi. 6/.Sri-asta-a S9 mar 09 Singh S9 Bhosal S. 1F)). Shilajit9its sorce and acti-e principles. +roc 16 7+A4 4hemistro, Jatral +rodcts;. 5(. oto Capan.

2e!ari +9 2e!ari 49 Coshi +. 1F%/. An interpretation o, Ar-edic 3ndings on Shilajit. C es 7nd Med ): 5/N5).

2ripathi 0K9 Shkla S9 4harasia S9 4htr-edi S. 1FF6. Antilipidpero'idati-e propert o, Shilajit. +htother es 10: 6FN%&.

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