Effluent Treatment in Textile Dyeing

8/18/2019 Effluent Treatment in Textile Dyeing

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Effluent Treatment in Textile Dyeing

Written by: Fibre2Fashion.com

The textile industries of the world release wastes during different stages of production. Water pollution has always been a rising concern, and many new technologies have beenintroduced to combat the problem of effluent wastes of textile dyeing. The industry is

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assumed to consume more than 80,000 tons of reactive dyes every year. Stringent lawsand increasing ecological awareness is making textile dyeing units, switch to moresustainable options of dyeing and treating waste water to upcycle.

The dyeing of fabrics or fibre uses water to transmit dyes in the form of vapour to heatthe treatment baths. rinting being a subset of dyeing also contributes to releasing toxic wastes. !ence textile pre"treatment, printing, dyeing, and finishing processes areresponsible for using and discharging all kinds of chemical waste. These processesgenerate effluents that comprise of high concentration of salts, and demonstrate high biological oxygen demand #$%&' or chemical oxygen demand #(%&' values. Water

treatment plants and processes must beincorporated by textile industries.

)ost of the textile dyeing waste getsdischarged into water bodies like lakes andrivers. The waste water disposed reduces thedepths of the penetration of sunlight andresults in decreasing the process of photosynthesis, and conse*uently dissolves

oxygen. Several techni*ues are developed to treat water waste and effectively reducechemicals before releasing them into rivers. The following are a few processes widely used in the textile industry.

Physiochemical effluent treatment, where the first step is to mix and e*uali+e theeffluent waste that is released from different stages at different intervals and time. nother primary treatment used is e*uali+ation and homogeni+ation, where in wastesubstances that have similar characteristics in terms of pollution, temperature, and p!are separated. -loatation is a techni*ue that divides fibre from the waste water. Thisprocess releases micro"bubbles to form substances in three phases of water, gas, andsolids. To remove organic substances coagulation flocculation treatments are usedconventionally. This process ade*uately eliminates insoluble dyes but does not removesoluble dyes.

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With the amount and extent to which textile industries churn out effluents in water,more advanced and efficient methods to treat water are re*uired. The following aresome developed and proficient procedures adopted to meet desired waste watertreatment standards.


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Ozonation uses one of the strongest oxidi+ers, %+one, to purify palatable water.%+onation breaks detergents, phenols, and complex organic molecules into simplercompounds. $esides this, it is also used to deodori+e and decolori+e the waste water

from industries.

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Multiple effective evaporation is a method in which the waste water is evaporated andthe concentrated li*uid is then sent to the next level of evaporation, so on and so forth,until the li*uid is circulated again and again, in order to meet a re*uired concentrationof salt or desired density. The li*uid is evaporated at a low temperature because of the

vacuum created by condensers.

Crystallization is another new techni*ue to dispose chemicals and purify the water. Theli*uid is first supersaturated in order to crystalli+e, wherein the li*uid contains moredissolved solids than it normally accommodates at that temperature. The process canextract chemicals like sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and calciumsulphate from effluents.

7sing such uni*ue techni*ues and technologies the textile industry can improve poorrecycling practices, substantially reduce the water pollution, and meet ecologicalstandards set by governments. With increasing demand for textiles manufactured in anenvironment friendly way, the textile industries must adopt these treatments to reduceeffluents and to cut back on wastages.

References:

. (pcb.nic.in

/. (dn.intechopen.com

. (otton.org


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Image Courtesy:

. 9achelduvalltextiles.com

/. oncacityok.gov

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Effluent Treatment in Textile Dyeing