Effect of glass fiber additive on Tensile, impact and ... · strength Properties of Bamboo Reinforced Composite ... I. LITERATURE SURVEY [1] ... Baley C stated Sisal Fiber Reinforced

@IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 40

Effect of glass fiber additive on Tensile, impact and water absorption and crushing

strength Properties of Bamboo Reinforced Composite

A.V.P.Manoharitha1 Dr.CH.V.S Parameswar rao

2 and K.Manikantesh

3

1M.tech scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science,

Kavali 2 Professor , Department of Mechanical Engineering, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science, Kavali

3Assistant Professor , Department of Mechanical Engineering, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and

Science, Kavali

Abstract- In the recent years composites are playing very crucial role in the field of engineering. To

achieve the requirements of engineers, composites are developed with unusual combinations.

Composites are broadly used in many applications such as in the field of aerospace, marine, Power

plants and Domestic vehicles etc., particularly used these kinds of materials to improve performance

requirements and reduction in cost in terms of maintenance, operation and construction. So far Hybrid

composites are more advanced composites as compared to conventional FRP composites. They have

more than one reinforcing phase and better flexibility as compared to other fiber reinforced composites.

The main aim of this investigation is to improve the mechanical properties of composites with addition

of glass fiber as additive material. The tensile properties are determined by using universal testing

machine with digital output, impact properties are determined using izod testing machine ,crushing

strength was determined using universal testing machine and water absorption test is done and compared

the results of pure bamboo fiber reinforced composite and additive glass fiber bamboo reinforced

composite.

I. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] SILVA F.A stated natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: The mechanical properties and physical

properties of natural fibers vary considerably depending on the chemical and structural composition,

fiber type and growth conditions.

[2] Baley C stated Sisal Fiber Reinforced Composites: Alkali-treated sisal fibres were used as novel

reinforcement to obtain composites with self-synthesized urea formaldehyde resin as matrix phase. The

composites were prepared by means of compression molding, and then the effects of sisal loading on

mechanical properties such as impact strength, flexural strength, and wear resistance were investigated.

[3] S.Venkata Naidu and

[4] K.John stated that by means of chemical treatment sand additive mixing the properties of fiber is

improved.

[5] Xinwen Zhua1 stated that effects of additive composition on the microstructure and thermal and

mechanical properties of β–Si3N4 ceramics were investigated. the replacement of MgO by MgSiN2

leads to an increase in thermal conductivity and fracture toughness

[6] P.Mani stated that there is a developed luffa fiber reinforced composites were by change diameter of

the fiber there is an improvement in the tensile and flexural

[7] P Sivasubramanian stated the analysis of properties indicates that the chemical modification imparts

a considerable improvement in the properties as well as the performance of the composite.

[8] M. Sathiyakumara,stated the effect of di-phasic and multiphasic as an additive on the densification

behaviour and microstructure evaluation of alumina has been investigated. Colloidal processing was

used for the mixing of these additives in order to achieve a uniform distribution and thereafter

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 03, Issue 07, [July– 2016] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161


homogeneous microstructure on sintering. Sintered density and microstructures were evaluated along

with the mechanical properties.

[9] N. Srinivasababu stated that chemically treated okra fiber reinforced polyester composites at

maximum volume fraction showed tensile strength, modulus of 154.17%, 114.13% and specific tensile

strength and modulus of 12.26%, 129.82% higher than that of the pure polyester specimen, respectively.

[10] Harriette L observed that the glass fiber composite is exhibiting higher compressive strength than

the sisal fiber reinforced composite

[11] K.Manikantesh stated that Investigation improved the tensile and flexural properties of composite

are improved by means of chemical treatments[12] Olawale Monsur Sanusishas shown that Influence of

Wood Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Developed from Fibre Glass and

Epoxy Resin and by means of wood ash the properties are improved.

II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

2.1 EXTRACTION OF FIBER:

In this method, the culms of bamboo were cut at their base and the leaves at the nodes and end of

the culms were trimmed. After trimming, the culms were dried in shade for a period of one week. The

node portions were removed by cutting, and the culms were separated into pieces of 100 mm length. The

short culms separated are composed of exodermises (bark), vascular bundle sheaths, soft tissue cells and

endodermis (inner surface layers). The hollow cylindrical portion of culms was taken for extracting fiber

and made into four strips peeling them in longitudinal direction. These strips were soaked in water for a

period of about 10 days. After this process the strips were subjected to a mechanical process, by beating

them gently with a plastic mallet in order to loosen and separate the fiber. The resulting fiber bundle was

scrapped with sharp knife and combed until individual fibers were obtained.

Fig1 Extracted Bamboo Fibre

2.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION

The samples were prepared for the tensile, impact and water absorption testing are prepared by

means of hand layup method. A layer of polyester resin has been placed and fiber was arranged in

unidirectional manner with their respective weight of fiber and dried at the room temperature conditions.

The size of tensile specimen is 250*20*12 mm, the size of the impact specimen is 75*10*10 mm and

size of water absorption specimen is 25*25*8 mm.

S.No

Type Of Test ASTM

Standard

Specimen Size

(mm)

1 Impact Testing D 4813 75x10x10

2 Tension Test D 3036 250x20x15

3 Water Absorption

Test

D 570 25x25

2.3 TESTING OF SAMPLES

The fabrication involves three different compositions of composites where the composite plates

are cut down according to the ASTM standards in order to carry out tensile test on each specimen.



Tensile Test:

In tensile test, a uniaxial load was applied through both the end. Tensile test was performed to

evaluate the ultimate tensile strength. A specimen of standard specification was cut from the composite

plate readymade. Specimens are placed in the grips of a Universal Test Machine at a specified grip

separation and pulled until failure. As the load increase, fracture occurred in the gauge length portion of

the test specimen. The load at break was noted from the scale at the time of failure. The same procedure

was repeated for other specimens cut from the same composite plate. Later, the average load at the break

was noted and tensile strength was calculated on the basis of the following formula.

Fig 2: Universal testing machine

OBSERVATIONS: Tensile Test Values Which Are Obtained After testing the Specimens On universal testing machine

for pure bamboo fiber reinforcement with Weight Of fiber 5gm.

Elongation in

mm

Load in KN Load in KN Load in KN Load in KN

sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Average

0.2 3.38 3.32 3.34 3.34

0.4 3.4 3.38 3.36 3.38

0.6 3.43 3.38 3.4 3.40

0.8 3.49 3.45 3.45 3.46

1 3.52 3.46 3.5 3.49

1.2 3.52 3.48 3.52 3.50

1.4 3.56 3.48 3.54 3.53

1.6 3.58 3.52 3.52 3.54

1.8 3.59 3.54 3.56 3.56

2 3.58 3.56 3.65 3.60



2.2 4.1 3.57 3.59 3.75

2.4 4.15 3.62 3.62 3.80

2.6 4.2 3.66 3.64 3.83

2.8 4.22 3.84 3.68 3.91

3 4.2 3.95 3.95 4.03

3.2 4.4 4.12 4.22 4.25

3.4 4.55 4.24 4.24 4.34

3.6 4.72 4.35 4.45 4.51

3.8 4.89 4.52 4.65 4.69

4.2 5.12 5.12 5.35 5.20

4.4 5.45 5.22 5.42 5.36

4.6 5.87 5.65 5.66 5.73

4.8

5.98 5.78 5.88

5

6.2 6.15 6.17

5.2

6.4 6.4 6.40

5.4

6.65 6.65 6.65

Tensile Test Values Which Are Obtained After Testing The Specimens On universal testing

machine. For bamboo fibre reinforcement and additive of glass fiber with Weight Of fibre 5gm and

3gm respectively.

Elongation in

mm Load in KN Load in KN Load in KN

Load in

KN

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Avg

0 0 0 0 0

0.2 4.4 4.32 4.56 4.43

0.4 4.42 4.38 4.58 4.46

0.6 4.44 4.38 4.78 4.53

0.8 4.46 4.4 4.78 4.55

1 4.48 4.46 4.85 4.6

1.2 4.49 4.46 5.2 4.72

1.4 4.5 4.48 5.32 4.77

1.6 4.52 4.52 5.42 4.82

1.8 4.56 4.54 5.65 4.92

2 4.58 4.56 5.68 4.94

2.2 4.62 4.58 5.68 4.96

2.4 4.64 4.6 5.78 5.01

2.6 4.69 4.62 5.72 5.01



2.8 5 4.84 5.88 5.24

3 5.2 4.95 5.95 5.37

3.2 5.4 5.12 6.12 5.55

3.4 5.6 5.32 6.25 5.72

3.6 5.82 5.42 6.38 5.87

3.8 6.14 5.58 6.48 6.07

4.2 6.76 6.12 6.52 6.47

4.4 7.18 6.52 6.6 6.77

4.6 7.56 7.12 6.6 7.09

4.8

7.25 6.85 7.05

5

7.48 7.12 7.3

5.2

7.6 7.2 7.4

5.4

7.72 7.4 7.56

Fig 3: load and elongation for both pure bamboo and glass additive fiber

Impact test:

Impact test is carried out on the specimen and for testing the specimen the notch is created on the

specimen with depth of 4 mm and mounted on the izod testing machine and it is clamped to act vertical

cantilever and hammer is blowed toward the specimen and the energy absorbed to break the specimen is

noted in izod test.

Fig 4: IZOD testing machine

Observations:

Impact test reading obtained after testing the specimen on izod impact test machine for the both

the pure bamboo fiber and additive added specimen are obtained as for pure bamboo fiber

0

2

4

6

8

0 2 4 6

with glassadditive

purebamboo

Elongation in mm

Load in

KN



Table:1 energy observed to break the specimen

Specimens Load absorbed by

specimen(pure bamboo)J

Load absorbed by

specimen(additive of

glass)J

Sample 1 5.41 10.52

Sample 2 5.52 10.68

Sample 3 5.44 10.82

Average 5.45 10.67

Fig 5: comparision of energy absorbed to break the specimen

Water absorption test:

For the water absorption test the specimen is prepared and soaked in the water for certzn period

of time and their corresponding weights are measured using the weighing machine for every 3hrs.

Observations:

The reading obtained for water absorption test for both the pure bamboo reinforcement and additive

of glass fiber are as followed

Specimen 1 is pure bamboo and specimen 2 is additive glass fiber added.

Table:2 moisture absorption of the specimen

Crushing strength:

The specimen is mounted on the universal testing machine and compressive load is applied on

the specimen and final reading noted when the specimen is completely crushed.

0

5

10

15

20

with glass additive pure bamboo

S.No Time

(Hours)

Weight of the

Specimen 1 (g)

Weight of the

Specimen 2 (g)

1 0 30 33

2 3 30.22 33.18

3 6 30.35 33.28

4 9 30.52 33.37

5 12 30.65 33.54



Fig 6.crushing strength testing on universal testing machine

Observations:

Table:3 crushing load for the specimen

Fig 7: comparision of crushing strength of the specimen

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tensile results:

The results are taken from the tensile test which is done on the universal testing machine with

and without additives of bamboo fiber reinforced composites are given in table below. The bamboo

composites exhibited average tensile strength values of 816.66 MPa without additives in bamboo

composites was found and tensile strength with additive found to be 933.33 MPa. The increase of tensile

strength of composite is due to the addition of additives on the bamboo fiber composites.since the glass

fiber is added it provide the additional strength to the composite.

Table :4 comparision tensile properties of additive added and pure bamboo fiber reinforced composite

0

1000

2000

3000

Pure bamboo Glass additiveadded

Series2

Series1

sno Pure bamboo

(N)

Glass additive

added

(N)

1 2600 2800

2 2700 3100

3 2750 3000

Average 2683 2966



S.No Material Maximum

stress

(Mpa)

Maximum

strain

Maximum

load (N)

Youngs

modulus(Mpa)

1 With additive 25.2 0.027 7.56*103 933.33

2 Pure bamboo 19.6 0.024 5.58*103 816.66

Fig 8 comparision of all tensile properties for pure bamboo and additive added

Impact results:

The results taken from the impact test which is done on the impact testing machine with and

without additives on bamboo composites are given in table below. The pure bamboo composites shows

the energy spend to break the specimen without additives is observed to be 10.54 J and with additive

found to be 15.16 J. The increase of impact strength of composite is due to the addition of additives on

the bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

Table:5 comparison energy absorbed to break for additive added and pure bamboo fiber reinforced

composite

S.No Material Energy spend to break

the specimen J

1 With additive 15.16

2 Pure bamboo 10.54

Fig 9 comparsion of energy absorbed to break the specimen for pure bamboo and additive added in

Joules (J)

Water absorption results:

The water absorption characteristics of bamboo with glass additives hybrid fiber reinforced

polyester composite were studied by immersion in distilled water at room temperature for 3, 6, 9 and 12

hours. The test specimens (25 mmx25 mm) were cut from composite and tested for water absorption as

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Maximum stress in Mpa

Maximum strain

Maximum load (N)

Youngs modulus(Mpa)

Pure bamboo

With additive

0

5

10

15

20

With additive Pure bamboo

Series1



per ASTM D- 570. Edges of the sample were sealed with polyester resin. Samples were dried for 24

hours at 50oC. After 24 hours samples were weighed accurately. Conditioned samples were then

immersed in distilled water at room temperature for 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours. Samples were taken out of

water after appropriate time period and wiped with a tissue paper to remove surface water. They were

then weighed. Water absorption can be calculated by following formula: Moisture absorption % = W2-

W1/W1 *100, W1=Initial weight of composite, W2=Final weight of composite.

Table:6comparision moisture absorption for additive added and pure bamboo fiber reinforced

composite

S.No Material Amount Of

Water

Absorbed (g)

Percentage Of

moisture absorbed

(%)

1 With additive 0.54 1.25%

2 Pure bamboo 0.65 1.62%

Fig 10 comparsion of water absorbed for pure bamboo and additive added

Crushing strength in compression:

The specimen is mounted on the universal testing machine and compressive load is applied on

the specimen and final reading is noted until the specimen is completely crushed for the specimen

without additive the maximum load carried to crush the material is 2683 N and with additive is 2966 N.

Table 7 comparison crushing strength for additive added and pure bamboo fiber reinforced composite

0 0.5 1 1.5

change in weight of specimen(g)

Percentage Of moistureabsorbed (%)

With additive

Pure bamboo

Pure bamboo

(N)

Glass additive added

(N)

Crushing strength

2683

2966



Fig 11 comparsion of crushing strength for pure bamboo and additive added in

Newtons (N)

IV. COMPARISON OF RESULTS

Table:8 overall comparision of properties

S.No Material Youngs

modulus

(Mpa)

Energy

absorbed

( J )

Water

absortion

(%)

Crushing

strength

(N)

1 With additive 933.33 15.16 1.25 2966

2 Pure bamboo 816.66 10.54 1.62 2683

Fig 12 Comparision of overall results for both pure bamboo and additive added fiber reinforced

composite

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

Crushingstrength

Pure bamboo(N)

Glass additiveadded (N)

0

1000

2000

3000

Crushingstrength

Pure bamboo (N)

Pure bamboo(N)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

in J

(%)

N

You

ng

sm

od

ul

us

inM

pa

Ener

gy

abso

rb

ed

Wat

erab

sort

ion

cru

shi

ng

stre

ng

ht

in

pure bamboo

with additive



V. CONCLUSIONS

The bamboo reinforced composite with additive of glass fiber is having more tensile strength

compared to the pure bamboo fiber.

The results obtained from the impact test which is conducted on the izod testing equipment, the

composite with glass additive is absorbing more energy to break the specimen compared to the pure

bamboo fiber composite.

From the water absorption test, the composite with the glass additive is showing lesser water

absorption compared to the pure bamboo fiber reinforced composite.

From the crushing strength in compression the composite with the glass additive is taking more load

to crush the material than pure bamboo.

Finally from the Experimental results it can be concluded that by means adding the additive material

like glass the mechanical properties of the composite are improved.

The glass fiber added bamboo reinforced can be put into application in the place of door panels and

also as replacement of wood in soe conditions.

REFERENCES

[1] SILVA F.A., CHAWLA N., AND TOLEDO FILHO R.D., 2008. “Tensile behaviour of high performance natural (sisal)

fibres. Composites Science and Technology” 68, pp.3438- 3443.

[2] Baley C (2002)” Analysis of flax fibers tensile behavior and analysis of the tensile stiffness increase.” Composites Part

A. 33, 939-348

[3] K.John, S.Venkata Naidu, Chemical resistance studies of sisal/glass., fiber hybrid composites, J. Rein. Plast. Comp.

26(4) (2007) 373–376.

[4] K.John, S. Venkata Naidu, Sisal fiber/glass fiber hybrid composites: the impact and compressive properties, J. Rein.

Plast. Comp. 23(12) (2004) 1253–1258

[5] Influence of additive composition on thermal and mechanical properties of β–Si3N4 ceramics Xinwen Zhua1, Hiroyuki

Hayashia2, You Zhoua3 and Kiyoshi Hiraoa3 c1

[6] Tensile and Flexural Properties of Luffa Fiber Reinforced Composite Material P. Mani International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology Vol. 3 - Issue 5 (May - 2014)

[7] Effect of Fibre Treatment on Mechanical Properties of SCF Reinforced Rubber Composite. P Sivasubramanian,

Sreekumar C, Dr M Thiruchitrambalam, Sunil A S International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology Vol.2 -

Issue 11 (November - 2013)

[8] Influence of additives on density, microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina M. Sathiyakumara, b, F.D.

Gnanama

[9] Experimental Determination of Tensile Properties of Okra, Sisal and Banana Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites N.

Srinivasababu 1, K. Murali Mohan Rao 2, J Suresh Kumar 3*

[10] Harriette L. Bos, Jorg Mussig, Martien JA and Van den Oever (2006) Mechanical properties of short-flax-fiber

reinforced compounds. Composites Science and Technology Part A. 37, 1591- 1604.

[11] Effect of Chemical Treatments on Tensile and Flexural Properties of Bamboo Reinforced Composite K.Manikantesh,

Dr.M.S.R Niranjan Kumar, N.Raghuram International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology Vol.2 - Issue 12.

[12] Influence of Wood Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Developed from Fibre Glass and

Epoxy Resin Olawale Monsur Sanusi, Adeyinka Kofoworola Oyinlola, Jacob Olaitan Akindapo International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology Vol.2 - Issue 12 (December - 2013)

Documents

Effect of glass fiber additive on Tensile, impact and ... · strength Properties of Bamboo Reinforced Composite ... I. LITERATURE SURVEY [1] ... Baley C stated Sisal Fiber Reinforced