ESL EES Grammar

Fall 2007

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Course Schedule: Mondays and Wednesdays7:45- 9:00Ahrens, Room 107

Instructor: Vicky CummingsOffice: Ahrens, Room 124Phone Number: 485-6952

Welcome to the ESL EES program!

We are happy that you have joined our classes. This is your course packet for the semester’s work. You will need to bring this with you to class every day. Some of the work we will complete in class, and some will be assigned as homework.

Please remember to bring the following things to class:A pencil with a good eraserA notebook or paper for notesA dictionary or translator if you have one

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INTERNET SITES YOU MAY FIND USEFUL

Mouse exerciseshttp://www.vlaurie.com/ewing/mousing/mousepractice.htmlhttp://www.somd.lib.md.us/mouse/page1.htm

Intro to the Internethttp://www.learnthenet.com/english/section/intbas.html

About the COMPASShttp://www.wccnet.edu/studentservices/studentconnection/orientation/ori_eslhints.phphttp://www.act.org/esl/index.html

Websites for Reading Comprehensionhttp://www.smic.be/smic5022/exercisesreadingcomp.htmhttp://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/reading/http://eslus.com/LESSONS/READING/READ.HTMhttp://www.york.cuny.edu/testing/reading_samples.htm http://www3.cerritos.edu/READING/tutorials.htm (This site has a great selection of tutorials for main ideas and decoding vocabulary by context)

Websites for Listening Comprehensionhttp://www.elllo.orghttp://www.esl-lab.com/http://www.lclark.edu/~krauss/toppicks/listening.htmlhttp://www.englishlistening.com/http://www.focusenglish.com/dialogues/communication/commindex.html

Websites for Grammar Practicehttp://webnz.co.nz/checkers/free2.htmlhttp://a4esl.org/a/g.htmlhttp://www.englishclub.com/index.htmhttp://www.ohiou.edu/esl/english/grammar/activities.htmlhttp://ww2.college-em.qc.ca/prof/epritchard/trouble3.htm (diagnostic test)

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Unit One:

Present TenseAdjectivesFrequency AdverbsQuestionsPrepositions

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Using Be in Present Tense

Introduce yourself to your classmates.

My name is .

I am from .

My first language is .

Singular PluralI am We areYou are You areHe/she/it is They are

Introduce one classmate you met.

Example: This is Marie. She is from Togo. She speaks French.

Using ContractionsI am a student. I’m a student. We are happy. We’re happy.You are a woman. You’re a woman. You are students. You’re students.He is a man. He’s a man.She is a girl. She’s a girl. They are hungry. They’re hungry.It is Monday. It’s Monday.

Exercise One: Complete the following sentences. Use a contraction.

1. This is my sister. a student at Jefferson Community and Technical College.

2. I have two brothers. students, too.

3. I have a new dictionary. in my bag.

4. The weather in Kentucky is often rainy in November. sunny in June.

5. Have you met Mr. Wilson? a teacher.

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With the person to your left, practice the following conversations but use your own names and countries.

A: Hello, my name is Rosa. B: Hi, Rosa. My name is David.A: It’s nice to meet you, David. Where are you from?B: It’s nice to meet you, too. I am from Sudan. What about you?A: I am from Honduras. Could you show me on the map where your country is?B: Sure. My country is in Africa. I can’t remember where Honduras is. Could

you show me?A: Of course. In Sudan, what language do you speak?B: Actually, there are many languages in Sudan. I speak Dinka.A: That’s interesting. In Honduras, we speak Spanish.

Conversation 2

A: Excuse me, could you tell me what time it is?B: Sure, it’s about 11:00. Aren’t you in one of my classes?A: Thanks. I think we have the same English class. My name is Nadia.B: I thought you looked familiar! My name is Alex. Where are you from?A: I am from Cuba. What about you?B: I’m from Russia. Do you speak Portuguese in Cuba?A: No, we speak Spanish. Is that book in Russian?B: Yes, it’s my dictionary.A: I didn’t know that Russian uses a different alphabet.

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We use the Be-verb to talk about jobs or careers.

Example: She is a doctor.

Think about the jobs pictured here. Using this list, make a sentence with the simple present of the be verb.

pilot plumber doctorcarpenter waiter cookscientist lawyer teacherdriver secretary police officer

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Homework: Write about a job that you would like to have. Why do you think you would like to have that job?

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Negative form of BeHe isn’t home right now.They aren’t students. They’re teachers.

The negative is formed by adding not. There are two contractions: isn’t and aren’t. There is no contraction for am not.

He isn’t my brother. He’s my friend.New York City isn’t the capitol of the United States. Washington, D.C. is.Louisville isn’t a big city.We aren’t going home now.

Complete the following sentences using the be verb.

1. Kentucky a city.

2. The weather cold in January in Louisville. 3. The sky blue.

4. A lemon sweet.

5. A fish a land animal.

6. A square round.

7. A knife sharp.

8. The night light.

9. A lemon sour.

Write 3 negative statements about yourself. For example: I am not a man. I am not in Canada. I am not a doctor.

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AdjectivesThese words describe nouns, and are frequently used with the be verb.hungry sleepy tired single married coldhot warm cool thirsty sweet sourtall short thin square intelligent smartbright shy outgoing comfortable flat roundshiny expensive cheap beautiful pretty uglyold new clean dirty fast slowdifficult easy simple complicated

Example: I’m not hungry. I just had lunch.This grammar is not difficult. It’s very easy.

About a persontall short average heightthin heavy average weightblond short hair long hair balding shoulder-length haircurly straight wavy gray graying

Choose 15 of the adjectives in the box and write a sentence with each.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Activity: Describe one of your classmates. Write 3 or 4 sentences about that person without using his or her name. Then each of you will read your description and we will try to guess the person you are describing.

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Present Tense The present tense is used to talk about habits (things we do every day) and facts (things that are always true).

Singular PluralI work We workYou work You workHe/she/it works They work

Note the s on the third person singular. This letter is very important, and you should always pronounce a final s sound.

Read the following paragraph and pay attention to the verbs.

My name is Olga. I have a very busy life. Every day my alarm clock rings at 6:30. I have to wake up and make breakfast for my family. My husband works at a shipping company and I work part-time in a grocery store and go to school in the mornings. My two children, Gabriella and Alejandro, go to elementary school. Every morning I do the same thing. First, I make coffee. Then I cook some food. If my children are not awake, I wake them up. We eat breakfast and talk about our day. I take a shower very quickly, and soon it is time to leave. My husband always takes the children to school in the morning and I pick them up in the afternoon.

Complete the sentences with the correct verb.

walk work take wash wear understand

1. They the bus to school every day.

2. He from 2:30 p.m. to midnight.

3. Her doctor told her to every day for 30 minutes for exercise.

4. I always jeans.

5. She English, but it is hard for her to speak.

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Frequency Adverbs

Always 100%Usually 90-99% (almost always)Often 75-90%Sometimes 25-75%Seldom 1-10% (almost never)Rarely 1-10% (almost never)Never 0%

Subject Frequency Adverb Verb I always drink coffee in the morning.He never remembers his homework.We usually go to a party at Christmas.

TIPSometimes may also come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Sometimes he works at night. He sometimes works at night. He works at night sometimes.

Think about your own schedule. Write about things you always, sometimes, usually or never do. Example: I never walk to school.

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Spelling of final –s

When to add -esMost verbs in the third person singular (he/she/it) just add an –s.Example: puts, gives, jumpsA verb that ends in –sh, -ch, -ss or –x needs –es.Example: pushes, punches, kisses, boxes

When to change –y to –I and add –esIf a verb ends in a consonant + -y, change the –y to –i and add –esExample: cry cries try tries hurry hurries

When NOT to change –y to –iIf a verb ends in a vowel + -y, just add –sExample: pay pays buy buys say says

Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the word in parentheses. Pay attention to spelling and word order for the frequency adverbs.

1. David (never, worry) about his grades.

2. You will (always, pay) your tuition before the semester begins.

3. A bird (fly), but a fish (swim).

4. It (snow, often) in North Dakota.

5. She (sometimes, cry) when she is homesick.

6. The teacher (always, teach) something in class.

7. The students (sometimes, talk) in class.

8. Juan Diego (always, speak) English in class.

9. Marcella (often, speak) Spanish in class.

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Have, Go and Do

He has a cold. He also has a headache.He has brown hair.He always has lunch at noon.

She goes to school on the bus.She goes to work at 2:00.She goes to the grocery every Saturday.

He does his homework every night.He does the dishes after dinner.He does the laundry on the weekend.

Irregular singular verbs: Has, Goes, DoesI have a book. We have a bookYou have a book. You have a bookShe/He/It has a book. They have a book.

I go home. We go homeYou go home. You go home.She/He/It goes home. They go home.

I do homework. We do homework.You do homework. You do homework.She/He/It does homework. They do homework.

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Complete the following sentences with the correct form of do, have or go.

1. Do you time to help me with my homework?

2. He always lunch at noon.

3. David to school two days a week.

4. Irina the flu. I hope she feels better soon.

5. I think that my neighbor exercises every morning.

6. We a new car.

7. Lela the laundry every Saturday morning.

8. I to work every morning at 9:00.

9. My alarm clock off every morning at 5:30 a.m.

10. We shopping every weekend.

Using It to Talk about Weather

Is it hot today? No, it’s very cold and rainy.Does it rain very much in Louisville? Yes, especially in the spring and fall.Is it sunny today? No, it’s cloudy.

Other weather wordsflash flood thunderstorm snow rain humidtornado watch tornado warning sleet warm showerwind chill freezing rain windy hail clearmild freezing

Homework: Write about the weather here in Louisville. Is it different than the weather in your country? How is it different? What is your favorite weather? What weather do you hate?

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Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.

1. My brother never (come) to visit me.

2. My parents always (have) dinner at 6:00 or 6:30. 3. They (go) on vacation every summer.

4. You (look) like your father.

5. I (go) to bed very early during the week.

6. My husband (do) the dishes if I cook dinner.

7. The sky (be) dark.

8. My friend (have) a new car.

9. We (speak) English in class.

10. He (talk) to his sister every day.

11. She always (say) that.

12. I don’t (know) that man. Do you?

13. The news (be) on TV at 6 pm.

14. He (go) to work at three o’clock in the afternoon.

15. I never (have) enough time to relax.

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Asking Questions in Present Tense: Yes/No Questions

Using Do/DoesDo you like cold weather? Yes, I do.Do you know what time it is? No, I don’t.Does he have a job? Yes, he does.Do I turn right at the light? Yes, you do.

Using Am/Is/AreAre you from Mexico? Yes, I am.Is she a nurse? No, she isn’t.Am I late? No, you’re not.

Make questions for the following answers. Give a short answer.

1.

(I’m not hungry.)

2.

(He isn’t at home.)

3.

(John doesn’t work here.)

4.

(She doesn’t eat meat.)

5.

(They don’t live in Kentucky.)

6.

(She isn’t from Cuba.)

Homework: Write 10 yes/no questions that you can ask your classmates.

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Present Tense Information Questions

There are 6 important information words in English: What WhoWhere HowWhen Why

Where do you live? What time is it?Where do they work? How did you meet your wife?Where is your book? What is your name?

Make questions for the following answers.

1.

That’s my brother.

2.

I live on 2nd Street.

3.

I go to work at 8:00.

4.

I take the bus.

5.

Because I want to improve my English.

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Prepositions of time and dates

We can use both when and what time about time. Example: What time is your appointment? 4:00

When is your appointment? 4:00.What day is your appointment? On Monday.

We often use the prepositions in, on and at to talk about time.In is used for parts of the day, seasons, months and years.Example: We leave in the morning (afternoon, evening).

The children always have a break from school in the summer.School starts in August.The country became independent in 1776.

On is used for days of the week and specific datesExample: We always have class on Mondays.

He was born on November 3rd.He has an appointment on Tuesday morning.

At is used with night, midnight, noon and specific times.Example: He starts work at 9:00 at night, and finishes at 9:00 a.m.

His appointment is at 2:30.My class begins at 7:45.

Special NotesHe was born in November.(month only)He was born on November 3rd (month and day)He was born in 1990. (year only)He was born on Sunday (day of the week only).

We use from and to about an activity that begins and ends at a specific time or date.Example: We have class from 7:45 to 11:45.

There will be another class from January 16 to May 4th.He works from 9:00 to 5:00.

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Fill in the blanks using in, on or at.

1. Her daughter was born June.

2. I saw the bus arrive 9:00.

3. We don’t know exactly when we will visit you, but I think it will be July.

4. I have an appointment 3:00.

5. I have an appointment Tuesday morning.

6. I have an appointment February 18th.

7. I think I have an appointment sometime March.

8. He knows that he arrived in Louisville June 17th, 1999.

9. My grandfather doesn’t like to drive night.

10. Please call me the morning when you wake up.

11. I love the warm sunny weather the spring.

12. I take a class the evening.

13. He always goes to bed midnight.

14. She would like to take a break noon.

15. He hopes to finish his degree 2008.

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Read the following description and write questions with the words given. Write an answer for the questions.

Marcella is from Colombia, but she has lived in the United States for 3 years. She is married and has two children. Her husband’s name is Carlos, and he is the manager of a large hotel. Marcella teaches Spanish in an elementary school. She goes to work every morning at 8:00, and comes home after 4:00 p.m.

Her day is very busy because she teaches Spanish to all children in the school. First, she teaches the kindergarten class. The children sit on the floor while she reads a book and teaches them a few words in Spanish. She must work very hard to keep their attention focused on her lesson. Sometimes she uses puppets or dolls to tell a story.

During her day, she teaches many children. She eats lunch in the school cafeteria at 12:15. She spends one hour in the afternoon planning for the next day’s lessons.

On her way home, she picks up her two children from the high school. Her son plays soccer after school and her daughter sings in the school chorus. Together they make dinner and wait until Carlos comes home at 7:00 to eat.

1. Where/Marcella/from

2. What/her/husband’s name

3. How many children/they/have

4. What/Marcella/do

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5. What/Carlos/do

6. When/Marcella/start work

7. What time/Marcella/have lunch

8. Who/Marcella/teach/in her first class

9. When/Marcella/pick up her children

10. What/they/do?

11. When/Carlos/come home

Homework: Write a paragraph about your daily schedule. Be sure to include the times that you do certain things. Keep the time and date prepositions in mind.

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Unit Test

1. It in Wyoming.A. often snowsB. often snowC. snow often

2. Cubans Spanish.A. speaksB. is speakingC. do speaksD. speak

3. Louisville a city in Kentucky.A. areB. will beC. doD. is

4. David sneezed 4 times. I think he a cold.A. doesB. isC. hasD. goes

5. The temperature is below 0. It cold.A. hasB. doesC. isD. goes

6. When he go to work?A. doB. doesC. hasD. is

7. The United States 50 states.A. haveB. hasC. doesD. do

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8. His birthday is March.A. inB. onC. atD. from

9. cold and rainy today.A. It hasB. IsC. It isD. They have

10. My appointment is 9:00.A. onB. inC. atD. over

11. Did you your homework?A. makeB. doC. atD. go

12. I bothering you?A. IsB. AreC. Is notD. Am

13. We breakfast at 6:30.A. eat usuallyB. usually eatC. eats usuallyD. usually eats

14. He 14 years old.A. isB. hasC. areD. have

15. is he?A. What’sB. WhoC. What timeD. That

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Write a question for each answer.

My name is Paola.

The movie starts at nine.

It’s at the corner of 1st and Chestnut.

This is my sister.

The class starts at 6:00.

It’s rainy and cold.

She is from Thailand.

I have two sons and two daughters.

Yes, I do.

No, they don’t.

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Fill in the blanks with the correct form of a verb.

1. My neighbor exercises every morning. 2. My children are hungry. I have to dinner for them.

3. What does he ? (What is his job?)

4. How many times did I say not to your language in class?

5. Do you always to school?

6. What time do you to work?

7. They an appointment at nine on Friday.

8. What time does your class ?

9. The students the test at the end of the semester.

10. What time it?

11. He his car in the garage every night.

12. the doctor’s office when you are sick.

Fill in the correct preposition: in, on or at.

1. Call me 9:00, okay?

2. The baby will be born March.

3. We’ll have a test Monday.

4. Many people came to the U.S. the 1990’s.

5. He became a citizen November.

6. Could we meet night?

7. It is usually warmer the afternoon.

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Unit Two:

PronounsPresent ProgressivePrepositionsSimple Past TenseIrregular Verbs

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Subject Pronouns and Possessive AdjectivesThe subject of an English sentence must be a noun (a person, place or thing). Nouns may be replaced by pronouns. These are the subject pronouns:

Singular PluralI WeYou YouHe/she/it They

With the be verb, these pronouns often form a contraction.I’m We’reYou’re You’reHe’s/She’s/It’s They’re

Possessive AdjectivesPossessive adjectives are used to show that one thing belongs to someone (possession). They are placed in front of nouns.Pronouns Possessive Adjectives Object PronounsI my meYou your youHe his himShe her herIt its itWe our usThey their them

Example: I have a car. My car is red.Where is your class?The bird lifted its wings and flew away.

Fill in the blanks with either subject pronouns or possessive adjectives.

1. My brother has a new car. car is blue. is really cool.

2. Elena is my wife. is from Nicaragua. Have you met ?

3. My parents live on Main Street. moved there last summer.

4. I have a good idea! Do you want to hear idea?

5. The dog shook the water off fur.

6. My family has a new hobby. like to go camping in tent.

7. My son is twelve years old. has a soccer ball and a guitar in room.8. You should take book home today.

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Chimpanzees

Chimpanzees are very intelligent apes that are closely related to humans. They live in 21 different countries on the African continent. Their normal lifespan is about 35 or 40 years in the wild, but some of them have lived to be 60 in zoos. Most animals live longer in captivity than in the wild. These wonderful animals are now endangered because humans are destroying their habitats.

The habitat of the chimpanzee is very varied. They live in tropical rain forests, woodlands, swamp forests and even grasslands. During the day, they look for food, such as leaves, fruit, seeds, plants and the bark of trees. However, chimpanzees also eat insects and small animals. Sometimes they eat small monkeys.

Chimpanzees are very intelligent, and they often use tools to accomplish tasks.For example, a chimpanzee will chew a leaf and then use it to soak up water like a sponge. Then the chimp uses the leaf to drink water. Chimps also use sticks to get ants and as a weapon.

A mother chimp will build a new nest each night to be used by her and her baby. The nests are made of leaves and other plant materials. The baby will continue to share a nest with its mother until the baby is old enough to build its own nest.

One reason that people love to see chimps in zoos is because of the way that they resemble humans. They display so many facial expressions and gestures that are similar to human expressions. When they are happy and relaxed, they smile.

This remarkable animal should be protected from the effects of humans destroying their environment so that future generations can enjoy their charming behavior.

1. Chimpanzees are apes. (It / They) are related to human beings.

2. Chimpanzees chew a leaf and use (it / them) like a sponge to soak up water.

3. A mother chimp will build a nest for (she / her) baby.

4. A baby chimp will share (your / its) nest with (your /its) mother.

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Object Pronouns are used as the object of the verb in a sentence, or as the object of a preposition.Example: He gave the book to me.

She invited him to the party.He invited my brother and me to the party.

Choose the correct word in each sentence.

1. David ate dinner with (I / me).

2. He told my boss and (I / me) that he would be late.

3. My boss and (I / me) are almost never late.

4. Throw the ball to (she / her).

5. The children are in class with (they / them / their) teacher.

6. I was happy to hear from (your / you) today.

7. Please tell (I / me) about your vacation.

8. They gave (we / us) the directions to (they / their) house.

9. We want to keep (our / their) phone number when we move.

10. Katrina and Marie drive (they / their) sister to class every day. (She / Her) name is Marta. She sits behind (I / me) in class.

11. I need to move this heavy desk. Could you help me move (it / them)?

12. You got two letters in the mail today. (It / They) are on the table.

13. My friend and I would like to invite you to have dinner with (we / us).

14. I want to call your brother. Could you give me (his / her) number?

Homework: Find an article in a newspaper or magazine. Circle all the pronouns.

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Present ProgressiveThis tense is used to talk about something that is in progress right now. There are two parts of this verb tense: the present tense of the be verb and the simple form + ing.

That woman is running for exercise.I am waiting for the bus.We are taking a reading class this semester.

Imagine that you are looking out the window of a bus on a busy city street. Complete the sentences with the present progressive of the verbs given.

1. Two girls ______ (carry) many packages.

2. An old man ________ (walk) a dog.

3. A well-dressed woman _ (look) in a shop window.

4. A police officer ______ (direct) traffic.

5. A black car _______ (turn) left onto the street.

6. A mail delivery person ______ (pick up) the mail.

7. Two boys _____ (throw) a ball back and forth.

8. The light ______ (blink) in the crosswalk.

9. A man ____________ (wave) to someone he knows.

10. A bird ________ (eat) something from a trash can.

11. A little girl _____ (hold) her father’s hand.

12. A fire truck ______ (speed) down the street.

13. A group of students ______ (wait) for a bus on the corner.

14. The bus ___________ (stop) to pick them up.

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Spelling of verbs ending in –ing

If a verb ends in a consonant +-e, drop the –e and add –ing.Example: drive driving

hope hoping

If a verb ends in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant and add–ing. Three consonants (x, y and w) are not doubled.Example: stop stopping cry crying

hop hopping row rowed

If a verb ends in two vowels and one consonant, do not double the consonant.Example: train training

rain raining

If a verb ends in two consonants, do not double the consonants.Example: teach teaching

brush brushing

Write the –ing forms for the following words.

see dream

hold put

wave sing

sit fly

write sleep

cut shoot

kick trip

walk watch

sew sneeze

take clap

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Non Action Verbs NOT used in Present ProgressiveSome verbs in English express a state, or condition, and these verbs are not used in the progressive tense. Below is a list of these verbs.

want believe think be loveunderstand know need like hatehear see smell taste

Another way to think of these verbs is that the condition they describe is always true so there is no need for the progressive tense.

Some verbs have different meanings. For example, think may be used to mean believe or it may mean the action of thinking.Example: What do you think about the new parking fee? (believe)

I think that stealing is wrong. (believe)You’re very quiet today. What are you thinking about? (action)I am thinking about my family today. (action)

Look at SeeSee is a non-action verb and it can’t be used in progressive tense. A person doesn’t choose to see something. It is a sensory event. Example: I see the wall in front of me.

I see my neighbor coming home from work every day.Look at has a different meaning. A person chooses to look at something. This verb can be used in the progressive tense.Example: What are you looking at?

I am looking at my mail.

Listen to HearHear is a non-action verb and it can’t be used in the progressive tense. It is like the verb see.Listen to is an action verb and it can be used in the progressive tense. It is like hear.

Homework: Write a paragraph using some of these verbs. Try use both simple present and present progressive.

For more practice with this verb tense, go to the following website:http://ww2.college-em.qc.ca/prof/epritchard/Use the menu on the left of the screen for more information, and the list of quizzes on the right of the screen for additional practice.

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Choose the correct verb tense for these sentences.

1. I (want) __ to buy a new couch right now.

2. I know that a furniture store (have) __ a sale right now.

3. The cat (look at) _____ the fish in the fish tank right now.

4. It (rain) ______ right now.

5. I think that the baseball team (fly) ___ over Canada right now.

6. Do you (understand) ________ his English?

7. I can’t (believe) ______ him right now.

8. Those teenagers (listen) to music on headphones.

9. This man (need) ____ medical help right now!

10. You are a great cook! Your flan (taste) ____ fantastic!

11. David is so quiet today. I think he (think) _____ about his family because he misses them so much.

12. I (hear) _____ something. What do you think it is?

13. I (think) it’s just a branch of a tree hitting the window.

14. Those people (clap) because they enjoyed the show.

15. Please turn down your radio! The baby (sleep) ____.

16. Do you know that woman? She (wave) ___ at us.

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The simple present or present progressive

Fill in the blanks with either simple present or present progressive of the verbs in parentheses.

1. Right now Juan Diego and Armando (be) ____ in class.

2. They (study) ___ English.

3. The baby (cry) _ . I think she (want) a warm bottle of milk.

4. The sun (shine) ___ .

5. Wait! I (hear) ___ something. I think it’s a siren.

6. Mohammad (listen to) _____ music.

7. Anna (like) tea, but she (like, not) ____ coffee.

8. This week we (talk about) _________ grammar.

9. I (go) _________ to school every day.

10. I (go) ____ to school right now.

11. She (think) ____ that capital punishment is wrong.

12. He (attend) ____ a class on Mondays and Wednesdays.

13. Roberto (begin) _________ an exercise program.

14. I (think) ___ that’s a great idea!

15. He (think) ________ about his sister today because it is her birthday.

16. Did you (hear) _____ that? It (sound) ____ like a fire alarm.

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Prepositions

The apple is on my book

Nasima lives in the United States. We use in for a country.Rahim lives in Columbus. We use in for a city.The new shop is on Main Street. We use on for a street, avenue or roadThe new shop is at 512 Main Street. We use at for addresses that include the

number.

Amineh is at work. We use at for work, school and home.Jin Song is at school.I think my children are at home. We use at for most locations in a city.He’s at the library.They’re at the pool/gym/post office.Mario is sitting at the table. We use at for table, desk and counter.Carlos is at his desk.

His grandfather is in the hospital. We use in for bed, hospital, jail/prison,My son is in trouble. trouble, and class.My friend is in class.It’s 12:00! Why aren’t you in bed?

These are prepositions of location.above around at behind belowbeside between far from in back of inin the back of in the center under outside onin the middle in the middle of inside near overnext to on top of on the top ofin the front of in front of

The stamp is in the upper right corner of the envelope.It is above the address, in the upper right corner.The postmark is on top of the stamp.The return address is in the upper left corner.

Please stand in front of the board. (an object or a person)Please stand in the front of the room. (an enclosed place)

For more preposition practice, visit this website: http://www.smic.be/smic5022/index.htm

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Describe these two flags.

Fill in the blanks with any appropriate preposition.

1. Erika and Tomas are a restaurant.

2. They are sitting a table.

3. There is a menu the table.

4. Their children are _____ home.

5. Tomas is holding a water glass _____ his hand.

6. The waiter brings them their meals ____ a tray.

7. Tomas keeps his wallet ____ his pocket.

8. Erika puts her purse __ the table.

9. They are looking at a picture that is hanging the table.

10. The restaurant is ____ Louisville.

11. The restaurant is ____ Main Street.

12. The restaurant is ____ 512 Main Street.

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Simple Past Tense: Be verb

I was We wereYou were You wereHe/she/it was They were

I wasn’t We weren’tYou weren’t You weren’tHe/she/it wasn’t He/she/it wasn’t

Change all these sentences to the past tense. Remember to change time words, too (for example, “today” would change to “yesterday”).

1. I am at school today.

2. They are hungry and tired.

3. She is very tall and has blond hair.

4. It is very cold and rainy today.

5. You are a student.

6. He is a doctor.

7. They are in line at the grocery store.

Homework: Write 3 sentences using the be verb in past tense.Example: I was at home yesterday. I wasn’t sick.

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Questions

Were you in class yesterday?Was Rafael at home last night?Were we late today?

Time phrases are important!

Past time phrases are yesterdayyesterday morning, afternoonlast nightlast weeklast month, year, decade, century

Present time phrases are right nowtodaythis morning, afternoon, weektonight

Fill in the correct tense of the verb. Pay attention to the time phrases.

1. your family happy to see you last summer?

2. they at home when you called yesterday afternoon?

3. you hungry right now?

4. it cold outside last night?

5. he in school yesterday?

6. he at the party last weekend?

7. I the last person to arrive in class last Monday?

8. you cold? Do you want me to turn on the heat?

9. you in Louisville last winter?

10. she your sister?

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Ask the student next to you five questions about what he or she did last year.

Simple Past Tense of Regular VerbsThe past tense is formed in regular Verbs in English by adding –ed.The form is the same for all persons:I walked We walkedYou walked You walkedHe/she/it walked They walked

Past time words are yesterday, last and ago:I walked home yesterday.They arrived last nightHe worked at McDonald’s two years ago.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate tense of the verb. Use either the simple present, present progressive or simple past.

1. David always (drink) a cup of coffee in the morning.

2. They (work) from 8:00-5:00 last week.

3. I (visit) my relatives two years ago.

4. They (study) English in school right now.

5. The world (change) very much in the last century.

6. We (watch) a great movie last night.

7. We (watch) a movie every Friday night.

8. I can’t talk right now. We (watch) a movie.

9. Juan (believe) there is life on other planets.

10. Do you (hear) something?

11. (listen) to me!

12. They (arrive) from Colombia yesterday at 9:00.

13. Life (be) complicated.

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IRREGULAR VERBS: What a Headache!

Simple present Simple past Past participleawake awoke awakenam/is/are was, were beenbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbet bet betbind bound boundbite bit bittenbleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencling clung clungcome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought fought

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find found foundSimple present Simple past Past participlefit fit fitfly flew flownforbid forbade forbiddenforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gotten, gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang (suspend) hung hunghang (execute) hanged hangedhave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay (put) laid laidlead led ledleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie (recline) lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put putquit quit quitread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran run

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say said saidSimple present Simple past Past participlesee saw seensell sold soldshake shook shakenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptslide slid slidspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentspread spread spreadstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownwake woke wokenwear wore wornunderstand understood understoodwin won wonwrite wrote written

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Exercises: Complete these sentences, using simple present, present progressive or simple past. Pay attention to the time words.

1. I (get) up at 5:30 every morning.

2. He (work) until midnight last night.

3. He (work) at the office right now.

4. Maria (do) her homework last night.

5. Yesterday I (see) my grandparents.

6. Last week I (go) to the festival.

7. His family (come) to visit him last summer.

8. She (come) to school by bus every day.

9. Did you (see) your classmates on Friday?

10. John always (forget) his grammar book.

11. Lilia (buy) a new pair of shoes last week.

12. She never (buy) expensive shoes.

13. Two hours ago I (see) your sister.

14. They (walk) to class right now.

15. They (be) late.

16. They (hear) a siren.

17. They (look for) an ambulance or fire truck.

18. Finally, they (see) a fire truck in front of their classroom building.

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Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. I go downtown yesterday.

2. I had lunch at noon every day.

3. He going home now.

4. I move to this city two years ago.

5. When I see my teacher yesterday, she was very sleepy.

6. I writed a report about the solar system.

7. I visit my friend in New York City last summer.

8. We were visiting the Statue of Liberty on my first day there.

9. I wanting to see everything in the city while I was there.

10. He teached me many things about grammar.

11. There is many beautiful people at the party.

12. I had lunch right now.

13. They travel by train every summer to see the countryside.

14. Sharks were skillful hunters.

15. Where you do go every day?

16. I made my homework last night.

17. He was born on March.

18. He put his books at the table.

19. I gave my phone number to she.

20. David and Elena gave a present to I.

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Here are the corrections of the sentences.

1. I go downtown yesterday. went 2. I had lunch at noon every day. have

3. He going home now. Is going

4. I move to this city two years ago. moved

5. When I see my teacher yesterday, she was very sleepy. saw

6. I writed a report about the solar system. wrote

7. I visit my friend in New York City last summer. visited

8. We were visiting the Statue of Liberty on my first day there. visited

9. I wanting to see everything in the city while I was there. wanted

10. He teached me many things about grammar. taught

11. There is many beautiful people at the party. are

12. I had lunch right now. am having

13. They travel by train every summer to see the countryside.

14. Sharks were skillful hunters. are

15. Where you do go every day? do you go

16. I made my homework last night. did

17. He was born on March. in

18. He put his books at the table. on

19. I gave my phone number to she. her

20. David and Elena gave a present to I. me