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h e o r i e s h e o r i e s

f

fL e a r n i n ge a r n i n g

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Behaviorismehaviorism

Cognit ivismognit ivism

ocial Learning Th ocial Learning Th

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BehaviorismConfined to observable and

measurable behavior

Classical Conditioning - Pavlov

Operant Conditioning - Skinner

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BehaviorismClassical Conditioning Pavlov

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BehaviorismOperant Conditioning Skinner

- is the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form.of behavior

Reinforcement is a consequence that causes a behavior to occur.with greater frequency

Punishment is a consequence that causes a behavior to occur

.with less frequencyExtinction is the lack of any.consequence following a behavior

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BehaviorismOperant Conditioning Skinner

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BehaviorismLearning is defined by the

outward expression of newbehaviors

Focuses solely on observablebehaviors

A biological basis for learning

Learning is context-independent

Classical & OperantConditioningReflexes (Pavlovs Dogs)Feedback/Reinforcement (Skinners Rat B

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CognitivismGrew in response to Behaviorism

Knowledge is stored cognitively as symbols

Learning is the process of connecting symbols in

a meaningful & memorable wayStudies focused on the mental processes that

facilitate symbol connection

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Cognitive Learning TheoryDiscovery Learning - Jerome Bruner

Meaningful Verbal Learning - David Ausubel

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Cognitive Learning Theory

Discovery Learning-Bruner said anybody can learn

anything at any age, provided it is statedin terms they can understand.

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Discovery Learning

Powerful Conceptsa. Transfer to many different situations

b. Only possible through DiscoveryLearning

c. Confront the learner with problems andhelp them find solutions. Do not present

sequenced materials.

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Cognitive Learning TheoryMeaningful Verbal

Learning- Meaning is created through some form of

representational equivalence( )between language symbols and.mental context

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Meaningful Verbal Learning

:Two processes are involved.1 Reception , which is employed in,meaningful verbal learning and

.2 Discovery , which is involved in concept.formation and problem solving

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Social Learning Theory (SLT)Grew out of Cognitivism

A. Bandura (1973)

Learning takes place through observation and

sensorial experiences

Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

SLT is the basis of the movement againstviolence in media & video games

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Social Learning Theory (SLT) by Bandura

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Social Learning Theory (SLT)Through identification, children come

to believe they have the samecharacteristics as the model.

When they identify with a nurturant andcompetent model, children feel pleased andproud.

When they identify with an inadequatemodel, children feel unhappy and insecure.

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Submitted by

Eula Paula M. MarceloEula Paula M. Marcelo

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