Editorial Recent Advances in Optical Spectroscopic and ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jspec/2016/4095790.pdf · Editorial Recent Advances in Optical Spectroscopic and Imaging Methods

EditorialRecent Advances in Optical Spectroscopic and Imaging Methodsfor Medicine and Biology

Yu Shang,1 Zhiyu Qian,2 Rickson C. Mesquita,3 and Mathieu Dehaes4

1University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA2Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China3University of Campinas, 13083-589 Campinas, SP, Brazil4University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5

Correspondence should be addressed to Yu Shang; [email protected]

Received 29 June 2016; Accepted 29 June 2016

Copyright © 2016 Yu Shang et al.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The optical spectroscopy and imaging have been emerging asfast and efficient methods to detect the material properties,especially in biological tissues. Basic and advance opticalproperties can be captured through investigation of lightpenetration, dispersion, and interaction with medium, per-mitting differentiation of the healthy and diseased tissueswith a wide range of targets. Beyond the application onbiological tissues, the spectroscopy/imaging methods arewidely utilized in industrial field, for probing morphologicalinformation and internal defects of various components.

This special issue contains articles exploring the advancesin spectroscopic/imagemethods for applications in biologicaltissues and industrial components. The utilized methodolo-gies and key discoveries are summarized and highlighted inthe following paragraphs.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prominent malig-nant without obvious early symptom. The conventionalhistopathological examination of biopsy involves destructionand invasion of tissue from suspected lesions. To improvethe survival rates of patient and promote the life quality,Z. Xu et al. proposed a method of reflectance spectroscopyfor early diagnosis of NPC in their article, entitled “Dis-crimination of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma fromNoncancer-ous Ex Vivo Tissue Using Reflectance Spectroscopy.” Thespectral system includes a xenon lamp, a spectrometer, anda computer. A band-pass filter (400–700 nm) was installedat the reflectance spectrograph entrance. The reflectancespectra data of nasopharyngeal tissue were collected from18 noncancerous and 19 cancerous subjects, and multivariatestatistical analysis was utilized to distinguish NPC from

benign tissues. The experimental results exhibited a diagnos-tic sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 72.2%, verifyingthe clinical value of reflectance spectroscopy and advancedalgorithm for NPC detection.

Detection of the pollutants caused by toxic metals andtheir effects on biological organisms is of great importance fordisease prediction and human health. In the article entitled“Influence of Lead on the Interpretation of Bone Sampleswith Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,” A. Shahedi etal. developed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)for tracing and identifying the elements available in bonesample. The LIBS system consists of a pulse laser at 1064 nmwavelength, a focusing lens, and CCD-array-based spectro-graph.The experiments on rat thigh bone samples reveal thatsignificant decrease in mineral Mg and Ca was observed dueto lead consumption by the tissue, hence offering a prompt,nondestructive, and low-cost approach to probe the toxicsubstance associated with lead pollution.

Quick and accurate capture of the target with high speedis of importance for many dynamic applications. For thispurpose, W. Lang et al. developed spectral identificationsystem in their article entitled “High-Speed Target Iden-tification System Based on the Plume’s Spectral Distribu-tion.” The identification system consists of photometry withinterference module, from which the interference data ofmotion target is acquired. By use of identification system,the spectral distribution data of the target can be obtainedthrough smooth filtering, inversion, fast Fourier transform,and spectral calibration of the interference fringes. Thecharacteristics that identify the target are finally determined

Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of SpectroscopyVolume 2016, Article ID 4095790, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4095790

2 Journal of Spectroscopy

by using recognition algorithm. Experiments demonstratethat themoving targets at less than 2000m/s can be accuratelyidentified with the proposed spectral identification system.

Conventional approach to detect the internal defect ofa component needs sensors to mark the “zero” positions,which is time-consuming. In the article entitled “SpatialSpectroscopy Approach for Detection of Internal Defect ofComponent without Zero-Position Sensors,” Q. Wu et al.proposed a novelty approach of spatial spectroscopy forfast detection of internal defect of objects without zero-position sensors. Specifically, the spatial variation wave ofdistance between the detecting source and object surface isanalyzed, from which a periodical cycle is determined withthe correlative approaches. Additionally, a wavelet method isadopted to reduce the noise of the periodic distance signal.Experiments on the component with round cross section andelliptical shape in axis demonstrate that spatial spectroscopyapproach greatly saves the time and improves the detectingefficiency of internal defect in the components. This methodcan also be extended for use in biological tissues.

As a critical branch of diffuse optical tomography (DOT),the time-domain DOT exhibited a strong ability in quan-tifying various functional parameters such as hemoglobinand oxygen saturation. In the article entitled “Prospectson Time-Domain Diffuse Optical Tomography Based onTime-Correlated Single Photon Counting for Small AnimalImaging,” Y. Berube-Lauziere et al. extensively reviewed therecent progress made to the high temporal resolution time-domain DOT system as well as its application on smallanimal molecular imaging. The review article focuses onintroduction of the approaches to increase the imaging speedand increase image quality, both of which are highly crucialand challenging for time-domainDOT system.The hardwaremostly affecting the spatial resolution and temporal resolu-tion, such as single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectorsand time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), iscomprehensively discussed. Through exhibition of severalexperimental results, this review article further emphasizesthe prospective of the next generation for time-domain DOTsystem.

We hope that this special issue will provide timely andsufficient information for the scientists and engineers work-ing in field of optical spectroscopy and imaging, particularlyfor those with biomedical applications. We believe that theemerging spectroscopic/imaging approaches, spanning overbothmacro- andmicrolevel of tissue, will be greatly beneficialfor diagnosis and therapy of various diseases.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the authors for contributing theirworks to this special issue. We also appreciate the supports ofthe reviewers for their constructive critiques.

Yu ShangZhiyu Qian

Rickson C. MesquitaMathieu Dehaes

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Editorial Recent Advances in Optical Spectroscopic and ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jspec/2016/4095790.pdf · Editorial Recent Advances in Optical Spectroscopic and Imaging Methods