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Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ Q1. The diagrams show the female and male reproductive systems. The table lists some events that take place in the female reproductive system, some that take place in the male reproductive system, and some that take place in both. Complete the table by giving the letter, or letters, to indicate where each event takes place. The first one has been done for you. (1) P fertilisation release of oestrogen meiosis repair of uterus lining implantation of embryo formation of gametes Q Q and V R R Q and V

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Page 1: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Q1.

The diagrams show the female and male reproductive systems.

The table lists some events that take place in the female reproductive system, some that

take place in the male reproductive system, and some that take place in both.

Complete the table by giving the letter, or letters, to indicate where each event takes place.

The first one has been done for you.

(1)

P fertilisation

release of oestrogen

meiosis

repair of uterus lining

implantation of embryo

formation of gametes

Q

Q and V

R

R

Q and V

Page 2: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Human DNA/ gene/ allele

Restriction enzyme

Ligase

Same restriction enzyme

Plasmid

Recombinant (DNA/ plasmid)

Vector

Insulin/ factor VIII/ names protein

Nucleus from body cell/ nucleus from adult cell

Nucleus from adult

Egg/ ovum

Remove nucleus from egg/ enucleate (from egg)

Nucleus into empty egg cell

Electricity

Mitosis

Embryo

Uterus/ womb

Surrogate mother

Q2.

Describe the stages by which a bacterium can be genetically modified to produce large

amounts of a named human protein.

(5)

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Q3.

Describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals such as Dolly the sheep.

(5)

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Page 3: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Vessels entering in wider/ increased pressure

Ultrafiltration

Capillaries

Low conc. to high conc.

Active transport

Energy

Respiration

Energy

Osmotic effect

Q4.

The diagram shows some of the blood vessels and a nephron in the human kidney. The

numbers represent the concentration of glucose at various places in the blood vessels and in

the nephron, in arbitrary units.

(a) Explain how the structure of the blood vessels entering and leaving the

glomerulus help to move glucose into the Bowman’s capsule.

(2)

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(b) What type of blood vessels are found in the glomerulus?

(1)

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(c) (i) Describe how glucose is reabsorbed from the nephron back into the blood.

(2)

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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Suggest why glucose needs to be returned to the blood.

(2)

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Page 4: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Same and Y up

Right and left side separate/ septum/ aorta/ connected to left side/ no answer in LHS

Yes

Both A and B

Starch present

Q5. The diagram shows a mammal heart with glass tubes, X and Y, securely attached to the vena cava and the pulmonary artery. Water was poured into tube X and rose up tube Y until both tubes were filled to the level shown.

(a) The ventricles were squeezed once by hand. (i) Suggest what would happen to the level of water in tube X and in tube Y

when the ventricles were squeezed. (1)

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(ii) Explain why no water came out of the aorta when the ventricles were

squeezed.

(1)

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Q6. The student concluded that both samples of food contained carbohydrates. Do you agree with this conclusion?

Give reasons for your answer. (2)

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Page 5: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Rare/ random

Change/ damage

DNA/ gene/ allele/ gene

Blocked/ narrowed/ clogged

Coronary artery

Clot

Fat/ cholesterol

Less blood to heart

Less oxygen/ less oxygenated

Muscle (cells)

Less respiration/ anaerobic respiration

Lactic acid/ angina

Heart attack/ heart stops/ cardiac arrest

Weigh/ use a balance

Random/ scale/ multiply

Repeat/ several quadrates

Calculate average

Q7. (a) What is meant by the term mutation?

(2) ..............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Smoking can increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Explain how coronary heart disease can cause death. (5)

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q8. Describe how the tea grower could use a quadrat to estimate the total mass of tea plants growing in a large area of land.

(3) ..............................................................................................................................................

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Page 6: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

11

Wider lumen

Too small

Q9. Scientists obtain blood samples from an athlete’s vein. To do this they use a sterile needle attached to a syringe. Suggest one reason why the scientists could not obtain a blood sample from a capillary.

(1) ..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. Q10. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition. It is caused by a recessive allele (d). The non-cystic fibrosis allele is dominant (D). The diagram shows how cystic fibrosis was inherited in a family.

How many people in this family do not have cystic fibrosis? (1)

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DD

Dd

dd

DD

Dd

dd

The only person in the family

member who has cystic fibrosis

Page 7: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

oviduct

gametes

sperm

egg

tail

meiosis

testis

urethra

fungi

bacteria

Mutation

Variation

Gene/ allele/ DNA

Survive/ not killed

Resistant

Reproduce/ multiply/ replicate/ breed/ produce/ offspring

Pass on gene/ DNA/ allele

Q11. The passage describes cell division and reproduction in humans. Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each of the spaces.

(8) Fully grown adults can produce sex cells or ................................................................... called

sperm and eggs.

The .................................................................... cells are much smaller than

the .................................................................... cells and have a

powerful .................................................................... to enable them to swim.

The cell division used to make sex cells is called ....................................................................

and in males this takes place in the .................................................................... .

The sperm cells pass out of the male along a tube called

the .................................................................... and into the female’s body, then through the

cervix and into the .................................................................... in which fertilisation takes

place.

Q12. (a) Antibiotics are chemicals used to kill pathogens that cause infections.

(i) Name the type of organism that make antibiotics. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name the type of pathogen that is killed by antibiotics.

(1) ..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Some antibiotics are no longer effective in killing pathogens. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain why.

(5) ..............................................................................................................................................

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Page 8: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Energy loss/ not all transferred

Respiration

Excretion/ urine

Egestion/ not digested/ faeces

Not all of each organism eaten

Some organism die/ decompose

Movement

Heat loss/ thermoregulation

1. wind 2. light 3. humidity 4. temperature

1. Fan at high and low speed

4. Air conditioning/ room thermostat

2. Lamp close and far

3. Clear plastic bag

water/ air-tight/ dry leaves/ cut under water/ cut stem at an angle

Q13. The total mass of the organisms at each level in the pyramid decreases as you move up the pyramid. Explain why.

(4) ..............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q14. This apparatus can be used to investigate the rate of water uptake by a leafy shoot.

(a) Describe one precaution you would take when setting up this apparatus. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Give two environmental conditions you could vary in the laboratory when

investigating the rate of water uptake by a leafy shoot. (4)

Condition ..............................................................................................................................

How I could obtain a range of different values .....................................................................

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Page 9: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

S – type of fermenter/ sterile

C – different temperatures

O – same species/ same bacteria/ mass/ amount/ number of bacteria

R – repeat

M – measure insulin

M – concentration/ mass/ volume

S – same pH/ food/ oxygen/ time

Condition ..............................................................................................................................

How I could obtain a range of different values .....................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q15. To produce large amounts of human insulin the genetically modified bacteria are grown in a fermenter. Describe an investigation to find out if temperature affects the amount of insulin made by genetically modified bacteria. Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences and paragraphs.

(6) ..............................................................................................................................................

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Page 10: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Contract

Diaphragm

Pressure increases

Flattens/ moves down/ lowers

Intercostal muscles

Ribs move up/ out/ ribcage expands

Volume increases

Passive smoking/ others inhale smoke

Causes cancer/ contains carcinogen

Asthma/ emphysema/ COPD/ bronchitis/ infection

Carbon monoxide/ bind with haemoglobin

Causes CVD/ heart disease

Discourage smoking

Slows growth/ development/ still growing/ not fully developed

Children smaller/ lungs are smaller

Dolly, Molly/ Polly/ Snuppy/ Copy cat/ Ralph/ Injaz/ Cupid/ Diana

Nucleus from body/ diploid cell put into empty/ enucleated egg cell

Electricity/ shock

Mitosis/ cell division

Embryo

Q16.

(a) Describe how ventilation of the lungs occurs when a person breathes in. (4)

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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Smoking cigarettes inside public buildings has been banned in many countries.

(i) Suggest why governments have banned smoking cigarettes inside public buildings.

(3) ..............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Suggest why children are particularly at risk from breathing in smoke from

other people’s cigarettes. (1)

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q17. Some people in the survey did not know anything about cloning. The process had to be described to them before they made a decision. Describe the process of cloning an adult animal using a named example.

(6) ..............................................................................................................................................

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Page 11: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Uterus/ womb

Surrogate

Light reaches/ trapped/ absorbed

More chlorophyll/ more chloroplasts

Absorb/ trap/ capture/ obtain/ light

A – Less distance/ cells near surface/ less of a barrier

Less growth

B – Humid

Less/ no cuticle

C – Less photosynthesis

Lower temperature which affects enzymes/ kinetic energy/ molecule movement/ collisions

Less photosynthesis

Less light/ less sun

Lower temperature which affects enzymes

Fewer stomata open/ stomata less open/ closed

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q18. The amount of light falling on plant leaves is an abiotic (non-living) factor that affects photosynthesis.

(a) The leaves of plants that live in the shade (low light) are different to the leaves of plants that live in full sunlight. (i) Suggest why leaves from plants that live in the shade are darker green than

leaves from plants that live in full sunlight. (2)

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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Explain why leaves from plants that live in the shade are thinner than leaves

from plants that live in full sunlight. (2)

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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) The rate of photosynthesis changes during the day.

(i) Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in the early morning. (3)

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Page 12: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

More photosynthesis

More light/ sun

Higher temperature affects enzymes/ kinetic energy/ molecular movement/ collisions

Stomata open

Low CO2 slow photosynthesis

Limit photosynthesis

Measure oxygen/ starch/ change in CO2

Count bubbles/ volume gas syringe/ iodine/ hydro carbonate

Same time

Age/ mass/ surface area

Light/ temperature/ CO2

Oxygen

Respiration

Energy

Active transport

(ii) Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in the early afternoon.

(3) ..............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................. (c) Describe how you could compare the rate of photosynthesis in two different plant

species. (4)

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q19. Explain why young plants absorb more mineral ions when air is bubbled through the solutions.

(3) ..............................................................................................................................................

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Page 13: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

Nucleus

Axon/ cytoplasm

Impulse

Muscle/ gland/ effector

Hyphae/ mycelium

Enzymes

Extracellular/ onto wood/ outside organism

Digest/ digestive/ breakdown

Carbon dioxide/ water

Saprotroph/ saprophyte/ saprobiont

Q20. The diagram shows a cell from the human nervous system.

(a) (i) Name the structure labelled A. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name the structure labelled B.

(1) ..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of a nerve impulse.

(b) Describe the role of this neurone in a simple reflex arc.

(2)

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.............................................................................................................................................. Q21.

Logs are decomposed by fungi.

(a) Describe how fungi decompose tree logs.

(4)

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Page 14: Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ

exposed to same fungi/ same mass of fungi

C – different fungicides

O – same logs/ same wood / same tree / same bench / same species / same age of wood

R – more than one log used/ several logs/ repeat

M – measure mass/ weight of wood before and after/ change in mass/ weight of wood

M – reference to state time period

S1 and S2 – same oxygen/ temperature/ moisture/ volume of fungicide/ amount/

A garden bench is painted with a fungicide solution. This prevents the wood being decomposed because fungicide kills fungi.

There are different fungicides that can be used.

(b) Design an investigation to find out which fungicide is best at preventing the

decomposition of wooden logs.

Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.

(6)

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End of the test