E.D. Hirsch Howard Gardener

Maxine Greene

Educational PhilosophiesEducational Philosophies

Maxine Greene – ExistentialismMaxine Greene – Existentialism Believe students and teachers needed meaning in Believe students and teachers needed meaning in

liveslives Used Humanities and Arts to create meaningUsed Humanities and Arts to create meaning

E. D. Hirsch Jr. – EssentialismE. D. Hirsch Jr. – Essentialism Believed that a set curriculum was neededBelieved that a set curriculum was needed

Howard Gardner – ProgressivismHoward Gardner – Progressivism Believed children should learn in their own elementsBelieved children should learn in their own elements Each child could be considered a genius in “their Each child could be considered a genius in “their

element”element”

Maxine Greene Maxine Greene (1918-Present)(1918-Present)

"I'm very influenced by existentialism and the thought that you can be submerged in the crowd, and if you're submerged in the crowd and have no opportunity to think for yourself, to look through your own eyes, life is dull and flat and boring. The only way to really awaken to life, awaken to the possibilities, is to be self-aware."

"I'm absolutely opposed to strict standards, and I'm terribly interested in kids having confidence in their own vision. There is no right way to make art."

"I use the term ‘wide-awakeness’. Without the ability to think about yourself, to reflect on your life, there's really no awareness, no consciousness. Consciousness doesn't come automatically; it comes through being alive, awake, curious, and often furious."

On Becoming “Wide Awake”

FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY

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Dr. E.D. HirschDr. E.D. Hirsch born March 22, 1928 in Memphis, TNborn March 22, 1928 in Memphis, TN attended Cornell University and graduated in attended Cornell University and graduated in

19501950 served in Naval Reserveserved in Naval Reserve 1952 attended Yale University1952 attended Yale University obtained Ph. D. in 1957 obtained Ph. D. in 1957 1956-1966 taught at Yale1956-1966 taught at Yale 1966 professor at University of Virginia1966 professor at University of Virginia 1968-1971 department chair at University of 1968-1971 department chair at University of

VirginiaVirginia 1973 named William R. Kenan Professor of 1973 named William R. Kenan Professor of

EnglishEnglish

Dr. Howard Dr. Howard GardnerGardner

born in 1943 in Scranton, PAborn in 1943 in Scranton, PA attended Harvard Universityattended Harvard University majored in Cognitive Developmental majored in Cognitive Developmental PsychologyPsychology developed the theory of multiple developed the theory of multiple intelligencesintelligences worked on school reform in 1980’sworked on school reform in 1980’s 1986 began working at Harvard 1986 began working at Harvard Graduate School of EducationGraduate School of Education authored more than 20 booksauthored more than 20 books best known for his theory of multiple best known for his theory of multiple intelligencesintelligences

Multiple Intelligences Multiple Intelligences TheoryTheory

Linguistic: words and languageLinguistic: words and language Logical-Mathematical: logical thinkingLogical-Mathematical: logical thinking Musical: musical abilityMusical: musical ability Bodily-Kinesthetic: body movement Bodily-Kinesthetic: body movement

controlcontrol Spatial-Visual: visual and spatial Spatial-Visual: visual and spatial

perceptionperception Interpersonal: perception of other Interpersonal: perception of other

people's feelingspeople's feelings Intrapersonal: self-awarenessIntrapersonal: self-awareness

““Good to Know” Good to Know” Websites:Websites: Free Multiple Intelligence tests Free Multiple Intelligence tests

- - http://www.businessballs.com - - http://school.familyeducation.com

Good test to give parents to assess their children ·Good test to give parents to assess their children ·

- - http://www.spannj.org/BasicRights/appendix_b.htm - http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.pdf - http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.pdf

-Streaming Video of Maxine Greene’s “Sunday -Streaming Video of Maxine Greene’s “Sunday Salons”Salons”

http://www.maxinegreene.org/sunday_salon.htmlhttp://www.maxinegreene.org/sunday_salon.html

ReferencesReferences““Howard Gardner: Developer of Multiple Intelligences.” Retrieved June 16, Howard Gardner: Developer of Multiple Intelligences.” Retrieved June 16,

2009 from http://www.mypersonality.info/multiple-intelligences/howard-2009 from http://www.mypersonality.info/multiple-intelligences/howard-gardner/gardner/

Chapman, A. (2009). Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved Chapman, A. (2009). Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved June 16, 2009 from June 16, 2009 from http://www.businessballs.com/howardgardnermultipleintelligences.htmhttp://www.businessballs.com/howardgardnermultipleintelligences.htm

Greene, M. (1973) Greene, M. (1973) Teacher as stranger: Educational philosophy for the Teacher as stranger: Educational philosophy for the modern age. modern age. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc.Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc.

Sadker, D. M. & Zittleman, K. R. (2009). Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Sadker, D. M. & Zittleman, K. R. (2009). Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.Brief Introduction to Education. New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.

The Maxine Greene Foundation for Social Imagination, the Arts & Education, The Maxine Greene Foundation for Social Imagination, the Arts & Education, Retrieved on July 9, 2007 from: Retrieved on July 9, 2007 from: http://www.maxinegreene.org/aboutmaxinegreene.htmlhttp://www.maxinegreene.org/aboutmaxinegreene.html