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Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

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Page 1: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Page 2: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Sun

Page 3: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Page 4: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

heat

Page 5: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Page 6: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Page 7: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Ecosystems

Microbes and other

detritivores

Detritus Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary producers

Sun

Page 8: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Page 9: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Page 10: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period

Ecosystems

Page 11: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Primary production is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy (organic compounds) during a given time period.

Ecosystems

Page 12: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time.

Ecosystems

Page 13: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)

NPP = GPP – R

Ecosystems

Page 14: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Net primary production (NPP) is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration (R)

NPP = GPP – R

Ecosystems

IMPORTANT

Page 15: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen Production can be determined by measuring oxygen production

Page 16: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

Initial oxygen level

Page 17: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

Change in oxygen

level in the light

Page 18: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

NPP

Page 19: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

Change in oxygen level

in the dark

NPP

Page 20: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

Change in oxygen level

in the dark

NPP

R

Page 21: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

time

Ecosystems d

isso

lved

oxy

gen

Change in oxygen level

in the dark

GPP

Page 22: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr

Ecosystems

Page 23: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

GPP can be measured in: •Energy J/m2/yr•Biomass g/m2/yr

Biomass is dry weight and includes only new mass.

Ecosystems

Page 24: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Ecosystems

Page 25: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans

Ecosystems

Page 26: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Limitations on primary production:•Light•Nutrients (N, P, Fe)

Iron is important for cyanobacteria, and cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in the oceans.

Eutrophication is overgrowth of algae in lakes and ponds.

Ecosystems

Page 27: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture

Ecosystems

Page 28: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Evapotranspiration is a measure of temperature and moisture.

Ecosystems

NP

P (

g/m

2 /yr

)

Evapotranspiration (mm)

Page 29: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Page 30: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels net secondary production assimilation of primary production

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Page 31: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

calories eaten calories stored

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Page 32: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

calories eaten calories stored

Usually less than 20%

Ecosystems

efficiency = -------------------------------

Page 33: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Page 34: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels

Ecosystems

Page 35: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Production efficiency is a measure of energy transfer between trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 36: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 37: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 38: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 39: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 40: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Pesticides get magnified as they travel up through trophic levels.

Ecosystems

Page 41: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Biogeochemical cycles

Ecosystems

Page 42: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Sun

Page 43: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Page 44: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Detritus

Ecosystems

Primary producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Microbes and other

detritivores

Abiotic reservoir

Geologic processes

Page 45: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Important cycles:•Water•Carbon•Nitrogen •Phosphorus.

Ecosystems

Page 46: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Math Review

Page 47: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Math Review

rB > C

Page 48: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Math Review

rB > C

ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)

Δt K

Page 49: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Math Review

rB > C

ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)

Δt K

NPP = GPP - R

Page 50: Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun

Math Review

rB > C

net secondary production

assimilation of primary production

efficiency = --------------------------------------

ΔN K - N------- = rN (-----------)

Δt K

NPP = GPP - R

.


Net Primary Productivity and World Net Primary Production for Major Ecosystems __________________________________________________________________ Net Primary

Net Primary Productivity and World Net Primary Production for Major Ecosystems __________________________________________________________________ Net Primary

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