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Le`k`nfe Fktljritf`k ikg Fke`nl E`kvlrjlkel3 K`t Uueo i Utr`kj Bfkh0Iuto`r(s)3 Arikh` Nfbik`vfeU`urel3 Wol Qlvflw `d Le`k`nfes ikg Utitfstfes, T`b. ??, K`. 7 (K`v., 1==4), pp. 4

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LE@K@NFE FKWLJQIWF@K IKG FKE@NL E@KTLQJLKEL3K@W U\EO I UWQ@KJ BFKH0Arikh Nfbik`vfe*

Iastriet Zl w`ubg lxplettoit tol pr`elss`d jb`aibfzitf`kaltwllk9?:= ikg 9697 ikg suaslqulktgfsfktljritf`kd tol w`rbgle`k`nygurfkjol ktlrwirlrf`gw`ubgoivl lgdfrst` ke`nl `kvlrjlkelkgtolk ` ke`nl fvlrjlkel ltwllk olpirtfefpitfkj uktrfls. ut k dietwl dfkg tr`kjlrvfglkel d`r ke`nle`kvlrjlkel urfkj ol fktlrwirplrf`g oikgurfkj ol dfrst b`aibfzitf`k. fnfbirby,olivlrijl lvlb dfnp`rt r`tletf`kk tol w`rbg ikk`tal so`wk ` oivl lftolr lbplg`roinplrlg `kvlrjlkel. ol lvfglkel d`r trigl-fkguelg`kvlrjlkelstolrld`rl lih.

F. Le`k`nfe ktljritf`kkg Fke`nlE`kvlrjlkel`d tol nifk irjunlktsk div`r d le`k`nfefktljritf`ks toit,kiggftf`k ` toldiet oittrifslsfke`nls`d ibb tolpirtfefpikts,t olbps tolp``rlr`klspr`p`rtf`kibby `rl. Wofs fs tol vflw toitois fkd`rnlgnueo d tol rlelkt ftlriturl k fke`nle`kvlrjlkelwoltolrd tol `kgftf`kib r d toluke`kgftf`kibirflty.t

fs i vflw toitois i b`kj ikg gfstfkjufsolg lgfjrll kle`k`nfetol`ry,kg fs supp`rtlg y i difrin`ukt`de`ktlnp`riryvfglkel. k tol`ry,kerlislg rigl rifslsrlib ke`nls d ibb pirtfefpitfkj uktrfls. ut ieelss d ip``re`uktry` suplrf`rleok`b`jyna`gflg kj``gs`reipftib, `r sfnpby tor`ujoktlbbletuib xeoikjl ibb`wsjrlitlr r`guetfvftyifks ktolp``r `uktry,oit s durtolriwiydr`n olpr`guetf`k ssfafbftyr`ktflr.rlleipftibdb`wswfbbibs` olbptolp``re`uktryn`rl, y arfkjfkjkklwtleok`b`jykg ay ibb`wfkj t t` tip fkt` tol irjlrsivfkjs ``b`d i rfeo `uktry.fkibby,nfjritf`k ` so`ubge`ktrfautl e`kvlrjlkelkfke`nls, s pl`pbldr`n ``re`uktrflsnfjritl ` tol rfeo.Wous,jrlitlr ktljritf`krldbletlgk eb`slr soirfkj d fkd`rnitf`kkg tleok`b`jy(hk`wblgjl pfbb`vlr),n`rl rigl, rlitlr ipftibdb`ws,kgbia`rnfjritf`k so`ubgolbprlgueltoljip altwllk olp``rikg tolrfeo.Wofs vflw fs alofkg i se`rl `d lnpfrfeibpiplrs `kfke`nle`kvlrjlkel. ol lirbflstpiplrs `k tol e`kvlr-jlkelin`kj kgustrfibfzlg`uktrfls vlrtolplrf`g`d ielktury ljfkkfkjk 9?:= wlrl ay Aiun`b (96?4) ikgAiun`b ikgZ`bdd96??). Wol e`kvlrjlkelftlriturl k-tfkulgwfto iplrs ke`kvlrjlkeln`kj@LEG e`uktrfls(Airr` kgUibi-f-Nirtfk,661) in`kjLur`plikE`nnu-kftynlnalrsAlk-Givfg, 9665), in`kj kgfvfguib\.U.

stitls Airr` ikg Uibi-f-Nirtfk, 661), in`kjLur`plikrljf`ks d`rlxinpbl,Eikk`k & Gueh, 1===, p. 79?),in`kjUpikfsopr`vfkelsJ`lrbfeo& Nis, 1==9), ikgs`d`rto.9 k ibb sueo eisls, jrlitlr e`k`nfe fktljritf`kin`kjukfts e`uktrflsr rljf`ks r stitls)wis so`wk `oivl rlsubtlgkfke`nl `kvlrjlkel is wl w`ubglxpletdr`n e`k`nfe ol`ry.N`rlrlelktby, nlwoit rlitlrttlktf`k ispifgt` tolofst`rfeib r`elss`d fke`nlgfvlrjlkelNiggfs`k,966

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44= WOL QLTFLZ @D LE@K@NFEU IKG UWIWFUWFEUU`, wl sll toit t fs it blist p`ssfabl d`r le`k`nfefktljritf`k blig t` i glebfkl k fke`nls k i pirt d tolw`rbg kg/`r gfvlrjlkel. ol fktr`guetf`kdfkerlisfkjrlturks seibl ktol `ktlxt d kl`ebissfeib rlkg`jlk`usjr`wton`glbs d`r rlvflw ll Listlrby Blvfkl,1==9)nihls tofs i n`rl rlibfstfe `ssfafbfty. sfnfbirp`fkt s

nigl ay Q`grfjulzikg Q`grfh 1===), wo`, aislg `kkunlr`usnpfrfeib vfglkel kg rlruks dlquitf`ks rfj-fkibbylstfnitlg y virf`usiuto`rs, rjultoit e`k`nfefktljritf`kkge`kvlrjlkelrl`rto`j`kib,kgdfkg oit re`kvlrjlkeln`kj olduturlur`plikE`nnukfty`uk-trfls `ktfkulg urfkj ol ktlrwirlrf`g.O`wlvlr, ofsp`ssfafbftys k`tvlry lrf`usby `ktln-pbitlgay niky e`k`nfsts. ol dfkgfkjd ke`nl `kvlr-jlkel n`kj ol bua d rfeo `uktrflswlstlrk ur`pl kgfts`ddso``ts t` usl Niggfs`k's tlrnfk`b`jy)urfkj ollirbflr lrf`g djb`aibfzitf`k ?:=-9695 pr`vfgls npfrf-eib supp`rt`r olnifkstrlinflw.7 olwlbb-g`eunlktlgp`st-Z`rbgZir FF e`kvlrjlkelk fke`nls in`kj tol@LEG e`uktrflsAirr`ikg Uibi-f-Nirtfk9661, p. 177)ikg,n`rl lelktby, iug`s, ]ist`r,kg Ulrrik`1===), Bfikg]iplbb (9666), gl Bi Dulktl 966?), ikgWsikjirfgls(1==9)^ prlslkts durtolr rr`a`ritf`kd toloyp`tolsfs.Wolk, `bb`wfkjolsl lsubtskg tol`rltfeibrlgfetf`ks, lw`ubglxplet olplrf`g9696-9656 tolplrf`g`d rltrlitdr`n b`aibfzitf`k t` al eoirietlrfzlgy fkerlisfkjk-e`nljipsaltwllk ole`uktrfls. kg kgllg, fkglrt kgZfbbfins`k 1==9, p. 95) wrftl3 Qlib wijls ikg bfvfkjstikgirgs nylnpoisfs^e`kvlrjlg n`kjtoleurrlktbyfkgustrfibfzlg`uktrfls ltwllk9?

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LE@K@NFE FKWLJQIWF@K IKG FKE@NL E@KTLQJLKEL 449Dfjurl 9. Jfkf, Wolfb, ikg E`lddfeflkt d Tirfitf`k d JG] plr Eipfti3 ZLKI@ E`uktrfls, 9?:=-96

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441 WOL QLTFLZ @D LE@K@NFEU IKG UWIWFUWFEUDfjurl 5. Jfkf E`lddfeflktsd`r Qlstrfetlg Uinpbl `d ZLKI@ E`uktrfls' JG]s plr Eipfti ikg Wolfr 6

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LE@K@NFE FKWLJQIWF@K IKG FKE@NL E@KTLQJLKEL 445eoikjl altwllk toljb`aibfzitf`kikg fktlrwir lrf`gs.Wol rlsubts fnpby lftolr (i) toit tol giti-jlklritfkjpr`elsseikk`tal so`wk t` oivl allk gfddlrlktltwllktol tw`plrf`gs,ikg fk pirtfeubir oittoljb`aibfzitf`kikg tol ktlrwir lrf`ggfg k`t gfddlr s dir is e`kvlr-jlkeltrlkgs rle`kelrklg, r a) toitwolk vfglkeld`re`kvlrjlkels prlslkt t fs ukinafju`usby tr`kjlr `rtol ktlrwir lrf`g.Zl eik ibs` tlstd`r `kvlrjlkel sfkj tikgirgljrls-sf`ks lsts. s fse`kvlktf`kibby kl,wlrljrlssoljr`wtoritl`d JG] plr eipfti eoikjl k fke`nl `js) `k fkftfibblvlb d fke`nl yft-c), wolrl fkgfeitls `uktry,kg ttfnl3

Fkyft FkyuP > (C` ]f Fkyu f+ ]1 kSft \f+ vt lfoikg FkSft> Fk (kft+ j + ?), wolrlkft s tolp`pubitf`kjr`wto itl,j tol ritl d bia`r-iujnlktfkjleok`b`jfeibpr`jrlss,kg? tolglprlefitf`kitl ibb glrfvlg r`n oltlxta``h b`w n`glb d le`k`nfejr`wto),kguftvt, kglftirl tol e`uktry- fnl- ikg a`to e`uktry- kg tfnl-glplkglktrr`rlrns.99bbJG] plr ipftivibuls rl tihlkit

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447 WOL QLTFLZ @D LE@K@NFEU IKG UWIWFUWFEUWiabl 9 -E`kvlrjlkel fk tol Ww` ]lrf`gs 9?:=-969= kg 961=-965?

]``blgQljrlssf`k FT Qljrlssf`k DfxlgLddlets(bc (1) (5) (7) (

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LE@K@NFE FKWLJQIWF@KIKG FKE@NL E@KTLQJLKEL 44 Niggfs`k, > Aifr`eo, > ]rig`s l bi Lse`suri.