Ecology Pwrpoint

7/27/2019 Ecology Pwrpoint

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Ecology


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Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy in sunlight


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Chemosynthetic organisms capture free energy from small inorganic moleculespresent in their environment, and this process can occur in the absence of oxygen.


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Heterotrophs capture free energy present incarbon compounds produced in other organisms.


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Heterotrophs may metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, andproteins by hydrolysis as sources of free energy


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Fermentation produces organic molecules, including alcoholand lactic acid, and it occurs in the absence of oxygen

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation


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Carbon moves from the environment to organisms. Carbon is used instorage compounds and cell formation in all organisms.

Carbon is used to make nucleic acids,lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.


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Nitrogen and phosphorous moves from the environment to organisms.Nitrogen is used in building proteins and nucleic acids.

Movement of Nitrogen

Movement of Phosphorous


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Organism activities and stability are affected byinteractions with biotic and abiotic factors

An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in thepopulation of algae in an aquatic system. Typically, only one or asmall number of phytoplankton species are involved.


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Salination

Salination can be caused by naturalprocesses such as mineral

weathering or the gradualwithdrawal of an ocean.

Salination due to irrigation


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Timing and coordination of behavior are regulatedby various mechanisms in natural selection.

Ex. Mutualistic relationships


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Biological systems interact and there interactions possesscomplex properties between populations and communities.

Ex. Predator/Prey Spreadsheet model


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Competition for resources and other factors limitsgrowth and can be described by the logistic model.


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Organisms within food webs and food chains interact


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Changes in climate influence patternsof primary productivity


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Competition for resources, territoriality, health, predation, accumulation of wastesand other factors contribute to density-dependent population regulation.


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As human populations have increased, their impacton habitats for other species have been magnified.


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Human interaction has often reduced the population size of the affectedspecies and resulted in habitat destruction and the extinction of species.


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Competition, parasitism, predation, mutualism, andcommensalism can affect population dynamics.


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Relationships among populations can be (+)or (-), and can be modeled mathematically.


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Many complex symbiotic relationships exist in an ecosystem, and feedback controlsystems play a role in the functioning of these ecosystems.


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Sudden influx/depletion of abiotic resources affect speciesdistribution and abundance.

Ex. Kudzu


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Distribution of local and global ecosystems changes over time

Introduction of new diseases can devastate native species


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Potato Blight


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Bio-geographical studies illustrate the changes that arise from geologicaland meteorological events impact ecosystem distribution


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Ex. El Nino


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Population ability to respond to changes in theenvironment is affected by genetic diversity.

Prairie Chickens (diverse)


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Genetic diversity allows individuals in a population to respond differentlyto the same changes in environmental conditions

Not all animals in a population stampede


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Diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence thestability of the ecosystem


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Diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence thestability of the ecosystem

Keystone species, producers, and essential abiotic and bioticfactors contribute to maintaining the diversity of anecosystem. When removed from the ecosystem, theecosystem collapses.

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Ecology Pwrpoint