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In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara, ecological sanitation planning and economics Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH ecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure Commissioned by: In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

ecological sanitation p lanning and economics

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ecological sanitation p lanning and economics. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH ecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure. Commissioned by:. In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: ecological sanitation  p lanning and economics

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1In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

ecological sanitation planning and economics

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbHecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure

Commissioned by:

In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Page 2: ecological sanitation  p lanning and economics

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2In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

ecosan-project archetypes

user institution    

public/private

service provider

household  

public/private

service provider

household   

public/private

service provider

household

4. Service provision for operation, transport, treatment and marketing

faeces + urine+ greywater+ stormwater- manage-ment   plus

rainwater harvesting,

organic waste

faeces + urine+ greywater+ stormwater- manage-ment   plus

rainwater harvesting,

organic waste

faeces + urine + greywater only 

rainwater harvesting, stormwater

management, organic waste

faeces + urine only   

plusgreywater,

rainwater harvesting,

organic waste

3. Considered resources (minimum / optimum)

user-institution (partly)

    farmer, external

user (partly)

household (partly)

     farmer, external

user (partly)

household (partly)     farmer, external

user (partly)

household2. User of the end products

tourists, employees, pupils ...

household / neigbourhood

household / neigbourhood

household1. User of sanitation facilities

rural upgrading

A

urban upgrading

C

new urban development areas

D

particular objects (tourism, schools ..) Characteristics

Project-type B

Page 3: ecological sanitation  p lanning and economics

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3In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The foundation of planning for ecological sanitation

Bellagio Principles:

•household centered

•participation of all stakeholders

•Waste to be considered as resource

•Level of problem solving

1. Human dignity, quality of life and environmental security at household level should be at the centre of the new approach, which should be responsive and accountable to needs and demands in the local and national setting.

2. In line with good governance principles, decision-making should involve participation of all stakeholders, especially the consumers and providers of services.

3. Waste should be considered a resource, and its management should be holistic and form part of integrated water resources, nutrient flows and waste management processes.

4. The domain in which environmental sanitation problems are resolved should be kept to the minimum practicable size (household, community, town, district, catchment, city) and wastes diluted as little as possible.

The Bellagio Principles were endorsed by the members of the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative during its 5th Global Forum in November 2000 in Iguacu (Brasil).

The Bellagio-Principles of WSSCC:

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4In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The HCESof the WSSCC

•Participation of stakeholders

•Level of problem solving

HCES = Household (neighborhood) centered environmental sanitation

WSSCC = Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

The 10-Step HCES approach

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5In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The HCESof the WSSCC

•Participation of stakeholders

•Level of problem solving

HCES = Household (neighborhood) centered environmental sanitation

WSSCC = Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

National Government

District Government

Local Government

Neighbourhood

Household

Past Future

A new planning approach - household centred

Page 6: ecological sanitation  p lanning and economics

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6In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The 10-Step HCES approach

10-STEP-Process for Developing and Implementing the HCES-Bellagio Principles Approach

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated UESS plans

STEP 7: Consolidated Urban Environmental Sanitation Service (UESS) plans for the study area

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

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7In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Adaptation of the HCES 10 – STEP process to ecosan-projects

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

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8In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Advocacy, lobbying, information, demand creation

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities during an ecosan-project

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9In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Formulation of request

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities during an ecosan-project

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10In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Facilitation• Information on process

and ecosan• Active participation in

start-up workshop

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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11In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Participatory development of TOR

• Investigation of status quo including WSS, socio-cultural, legal aspects, town planning, economies, reuse aspects, agricultural practises, fertiliser use etc.

• Elaboration of report

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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12In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Presentation of findings of step 3

• Correction of possible factual errors

• Establish „ground rules“ for STEP 5, (decision on priorities, service levels, institutio-nal arrangements, cul-tural acceptability, etc.)

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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13In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Elaboration of adequate ecosan-solutions including technical, institutional, financial and social feasibility and environmental impact

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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14In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Participatory determination of feasible service and reuse combinations

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

Page 15: ecological sanitation  p lanning and economics

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15In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Assembling and integrating the service and reuse combinations into a broader water supply, sanitation, and reuse framework

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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16In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 10: Implementation

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 9: Monitoring, evaluation and feedback (MEF)

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Presentation of assembled plans to the stakeholders

• Achievement of a consensus on the consolidated plans

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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17In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

STEP 1: Request for assistance

STEP 2: Launch of the planning and consultative process

STEP 3: Assessment of current status

STEP 4: Assessment of user priorities

STEP 5: Identification of options

STEP 6: Evaluation of feasible service combinations

STEP 7: Consolidated ecosan plans for the study area

STEP 8: Finalising of consolidated ecosan plans

STEP 0: Raising awareness

ST

EP

9: Mo

nito

ring

, evalu

ation

and

feedb

ack (M

EF

)

STEP 9: Implementation

• Decision on infrastructure• Elaborating working plans

• Tendering• Hardware investment• Grant of financial support/subsidies

• Provision of equipment• Construction• Training /advice to users, service providers etc

• Use of sanitary systems• Maintenance• Collection / treatment• Storage / transport• Marketing of recyclates• Reuse of recyclates

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

Main activities

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18In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The 10 – Step approach to planning ecosan projects

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19In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Step 0 – Raising awareness

Step 1 - Request for assistance

Step 2 - Launch of planning & consultation process

Step 3 - Assessment of current status

Step 4 - Assessment of priorities

Step 5 - Identification of options

Step 6 - Evaluate feasible service and reuse options

Step 7 - Consolidate ecosan plans for the study area

Step 8 - Finalise consolidated ecosan plans for study area

Step 9 – Implementation

The ecosan project steps

Baseline- & Feasibility-study; Implementation & Maintenance

TenderingConstruction, Use

Maintenance

Feasibility-Study

Baseline-Study

Awarenessraising

Detailed technical & operational plans

How does this fit into conventional planning approaches?

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20In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

the integration of reuse aspects in the assessment of the current situation and in all the planning activities and conceptual work

• the integration of aspects concerning water supply (rainwater harvesting, grey water treatment and reuse, …)

• the integration of aspects of urban planning (minimise transport, support urban agriculture, …)

• the integration of aspects of solid waste management

• the consideration of a much wider variety of sanitation solutions with respect to centralised or decentralised, conventional or closed-loop oriented, high tech or low tech, well-known or brand-new, split-stream or combined technical solutions and the corresponding institutional and management solutions

the application of new and wider ranging evaluation criteria for water supply and sanitation services

New aspects to be considered in the planning and implementation of ecosan projects

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21In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

• the adaptation to the information and output needs of the stepwise and participatory project preparation and implementation process, in order to supply the relevant information to enable the stakeholder to make an “informed choice”

• the necessity to focus on the assessment of the needs of the user of the sanitary facilities and other relevant stakeholders, particularly the service providers and the end users of the recyclates.

• the consideration of smaller planning units and a greater number of decentralised options and

• the integration of education, institution and capacity building aspects into planning instruments

New aspects to be considered in the planning and implementation of ecosan projects

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22In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

The future is to separate …

ecosan project

( II ) User of

recyclates

( IV ) NGOs

( IX ) Research Institutions

( I ) Users of Sanitation

facilities

( VIII ) Financial

Institutions

( V ) Local authorities,

governments

( VII )

Developers & Investors

( VI ) Service

providers

( III ) CBOs and self-

help groups

household in anurban flat

(peri )urban household

Tourists, students, employees, etc.

Rural household

Providers forcollection

treatment and transport

Educationalinstitutions

Consultantcompanies

Supplier of watergas and electricity

Construction companiesmaintenance companies

Producers/provider of equipment

Distributors and marketers of recyclates

Stakeholders in an ecosan project

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23In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Principal stakeholders – what are their motivations and concerns:

Principal Stakeholders Examples of Motivating Factors Examples of Constraints I. Users of sanitation

facilities - Households - Neigbourhoods - Tourists, pupils

Employess, …

- hygiene improvement, - structural stability, - local physical factors (high ground-

water level, rocky ground…), - reduced costs, - increased comfort, - improvement of quality of life, - greater security, - interest in recyclates, - prestige, - ecological reasons, - water scarcity, - unreliable water supply - …

- habits, taboos, - hygiene concerns, - unfamiliarity, - fear of loss of comfort, - unavailability of structural elements, - legislative restrictions, - economic factors (e.g. for start up …) - …

II. User of recyclates - economic reasons, - local and reliable availability of

agricultural inputs (water, nutrients, organics)

- increase of crop yields for either the market or family needs

- improvement of self sufficiency - ecological reasons - …

- habits, taboos - lack of logistics - fear of negative consumer perception - fear of negative long term effects on

soil

III. CBOs and self-help groups

- failure of conventional / existing sanitation system

- local improvement of quality of life - Agenda 21 - interest in recyclates - reduced costs - local physical constraints factors (high

groundwater level, rocky ground…)

- habits, taboos - lack of information - insufficient financing - inappropriate legislation - fear of negative consumer perception - fear of negative long term effects on

soil

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24In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Tables “Tasks and roles of stakeholders” - example:

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25In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Tables “Tasks and roles of stakeholders” - example:

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26In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Economic aspects of ecological sanitation systems

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27In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

• Conventional concept: - Flush toilets, gravity sewer, pumping station operated by the public supplier

• Source separation concept I (gravity, composting of faeces): - separation toilets and storage of urine, transport and

agricultural use on a nearby farm - faeces transported in gravity sewer and composted, used in horticulture - transport of greywater in gravity sewer system, treatment in a constructed wetland, transport to the receiving water

• Source separation concept II (vacuum, digestion of faeces): - Vacuum separation toilets, gravity urine transport, storage and use on farm - Faeces by vacuum, common treatment with organic waste in biogas plant, - Transport of greywater in gravity sewer. treatment in a constructed wetland, transport to the receiving water

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

Germany

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28In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Projected costs for sanitation service for 5000 inhabitants, Germany

Vacuum urine-diversion

toilet

sour

ce:

Ber

liner

Was

serb

etrie

be

Conventional toilet (WC)

Composting urine diversion toilet

Time (year)

Cos

t

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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29In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

1 - Source separation concept: - dry urine diversion toilets- sewer line for greywater - horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. - products from the toilets are to be used in gardening within the school grounds.

2 - Conventional concept: - flush toilets - separate sewer system for black water, - mechanical pre-treatment- pumping station and a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland.

Uganda

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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30In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Projected costs for sanitation service for girls school, Uganda

conventional

alternative

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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31In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Conventional sanitation Safe use orientedsanitation

Private householdexpenditure

Public expenditure

Inve

stm

ent c

osts

- Lower overall costs

- Costs to be covered by private household may increase as a result of having to replace domestic sanitary facilities (for example by installing a urine diversion toilet)

- Innovative financing alternatives needed

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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32In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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33In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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34In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

• Difficulty of traditional economic appraisals for sanitation is that the setting of the boundaries for the system often leads to many important external costs or benefits being overlooked completely

• Examples conventional systems:

- Effect on drinking water treatment, degradation of soils, the costs of using high quality drinking water to flush the system, the environmental problems arising in the receiving water must be considered, loss of a recreational area, loss of natural habitats and effects on coastal areas, the effect of medical residues which pass through the treatment works virtually intact, eventual rehabilitation costs

• Examples from eco-sanitation systems:

- Transformation costs, awareness raising activities

- Secured drinking water supply, improved soil structure and fertility, increased access to fertiliser and harvest, reduced energy consumption and possible energy production, resource conservation

cost comparison: ecosan vs. conventional

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35In depth workshop on ecological sanitation, 7 - 8 May 2005, Asmara,

Thanks!!!

www.gtz.de/ecosan

[email protected]

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