Eco-Factor design method

4th Annex 44 Forum / TORINO / 29 march 2006

Åsa Wahlström SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute

Henrik Brohus

Aalborg University

The performance of the building – a question of system

Åsa Wahlström

Adequate Indoor climate(gain)

Effective energy use (cost)

Outdoor environmental impact

Difficult to overview the impact of the environment

Åsa Wahlström

Use of electricity, heating and cooling

Gain in indoor climate

Overall thermal balance

Warm or cold floors

Radiant temperature asymmetry

Local discomfort

Vertical temperature gradient

Draught

IAQCO2CO NOx

ParticlesSOx

N2O

NH3 CH4

NMVOC

Objective -to develop a method that assists in interpretation and evaluation of the

performance of different system solutions

Åsa Wahlström

Client

Architect Builder

Interdisplinary development of a new simple tool

Åsa Wahlström

Intelligently DesignedEnergy Efficient Buildings

Eco-factor for indoor climate

Åsa Wahlström

IAQThermal comfort

–Overall thermal comfort–Local thermal comfort

• Draught• Air temperature gradient • Radiant temperature asymmetry• Warm/cold floors

Score-function for indoor climate

Åsa Wahlström

100% Eco-factor –Minimum percentages dissatisfied (ISO 7730)

50% Eco-factor–Medium level of expectations (CR 1752, Case B)

IAQ

0102030405060708090

100

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

PD %

sco

re %

Eco-factor for energy use

Åsa Wahlström

Energy use for each energy source Emissions from each energy source

Impact: Established environmental assessment methods (EPS, Eco-indicator 99 etc.)

A

Qindexe

I

n

ii

n

jjj

))((

Score-function for energy use

Åsa Wahlström

100% Eco-factor - No emissions

25% Eco-factor

- Emissions from an average European office

%25

75100

I

IE

Eco-factor for visualization of performance

Åsa Wahlström

Energy Simulation tools

Indoor climateSimulation tools

Energy Eco-factor

Indoor ClimateEco-factor

TotalEco-factor

Eco-factor Concept

Input dataCondition

dataEnergy

Simulation tools

Indoor climateSimulation tools

Energy Eco-factor

Indoor ClimateEco-factor

TotalEco-factor

Eco-factor Concept

Input dataEnergy

Simulation tools

Indoor climateSimulation tools

Energy Eco-factor

Indoor ClimateEco-factor

TotalEco-factor

Eco-factor Concept

Input dataInput data

Condition data

Input, Eco-factor Tool, 1

Åsa Wahlström

Indoor Climate Indicator 3

Overall thermal balance 6.3 PPDLocal discomfort 4

Draught Rating 7.1 DRRadiant Temperature asymmetry 0 PDVertical Temperature gradient 1 PDWarm or cold floors PD

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 14 PD

Input, Eco-factor Tool, 2

Åsa Wahlström

Energy Use Energy sources 8 Sources, if mix:Annual energy use Electricity (from grid) 80 %(kWh/m2 treated floor area) 20 %Heating/combustion* 98 %Electricity from grid

HVAC systems* 1.7 heating 9 %Lighting* 32 %Appliances 32 1 %

(* = compulsary)

Natural gas

mix of:

EU ave. 2001

Eco-labelled

Output, Eco-factor Tool, 1

Åsa Wahlström

Eco-factor = 70 %

Energy min Indoor

max

38

1218

32

Output, Eco-factor Tool, 2

Åsa Wahlström

Improvement Potential

Appliances:Lighting:

HVAC systems:Heating/combustion:

Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:

% of total Eco-factor

0 5 10 15

38

1218

32

Example B&O headquarter

Åsa Wahlström

Improvement Potential

Appliances:Lighting:

HVAC systems:Heating/combustion:

Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:

% of total Eco-factor

0 5 10 15

38

1218

32

Eco-factor = 70 %

Energy min Indoor

max

38

1218

32

We find the ”missing” points in the IP

Alternative Energy Source

Åsa Wahlström

heating 9

Biofuel

Eco-factor = 79 % Improvement Potential

Energy min IndoorAppliances:

Lighting:HVAC systems:

Heating/combustion:Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:

max % of total Eco-factor

0 5 10 15

38

129

41

( 9 %)

Conclusions

Åsa Wahlström

Spreadsheet based tool, Easily accessible in practise Both energy use and indoor climate Relatively quickly provide an visual presentation Easy to understand and communicate with one common scaleBased on physical indicators and evaluation methods that are already well-known and recognized in the building community

2634

20 12

Total Eco-factor = 60 %

EnergyIndoor climate

Conclusions

Åsa Wahlström

Supports an iterative procedure, useful for “integrated design”

Immediate feedback on design changes

Communication: experts vs. non-expertsRanking of solutionsEncourage a comprehensive view

2634

20 12

Total Eco-factor = 60 %Energy Indoor

climate