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Ecma/TC46/2009/063Ecma/GA/2009/091
Ecma TC46 – Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS)
Ann McCarthy – Lexmark International, Inc., TC46 Chair
Fumihito Akiyama – Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc., TC46 Vice Chair
Ecma General Assembly – Budapest – 16th June, 2009
•Industry TrendsIndustry Trends
•TC46 Objectives TC46 Objectives
•TC46 AccomplishmentsTC46 Accomplishments
•Overview of OpenXPSOverview of OpenXPS
Agenda
Increasingly complex documents• Documents are assembled from multiple applications
• Digital colour components rely on multi-vendor system-wide colour fidelity
• Blended overlaid content layers (transparency / alpha blending)
Print related costs are significant for Fortune 500• Benefit from an efficient bridge between electronic form and paper – a
simple enough to validate, complete enough as both an electronic record and paper
Peripherals becoming more intelligent• Participate on networks without a host
• Hardware costs drive the need for an efficient print format
Increasing use of 3D in displays, printing, document exchange
• Standardized 3D object format is available to be included in electronic paper format
Industry Trends
Document Life Cycle
Authoring
Distribution
Either or both
Writing&
EditingArchiving
Approvals
Output&
Distribution
Review&
Comments
Concept&
Design
The distinct needs of the authoring & distribution stages
Document Life Cycle Requirements
Authoring document formats• Information content is the primary value
• Full editability and round-trip capability must be retained
• Document format intimately tied to document usage to maximise retention of semantics
• Often advantageous to allow re-flow for reading devices with different form factors, e.g., computer screens, mobile devices and printed output
Distribution document formats• Information content and appearance are both valuable
• Appearance must often be guaranteed between screen and printed views
• Confidence in fidelity and trustworthiness is more important than editability
• Document format not tied to semantics, allowing broader application in more use cases
• Format should be self-contained
Using XML for file formats …
Simplifies low-level file creation and reading• A wide variety of tool-sets are available• Increases choice of applications because of lower cost of entry for
vendors
Increases robustness• Schema validation allows more frequent and more complete testing of
created files• Allows easy diagnosis of faults in document workflows• Schema validation can be enhanced by grammar-specific test tools
Enables cross-application functionality• XML is now widely used in information transfer• XSL-T (and other tools) can be used to translate between different
grammars• Data can therefore be extracted or inserted into XML documents
Standardising XML grammars moves innovation to user-visible issues
• Differentiation no longer focused on file format handling, but on real user benefits in application functionality
TC46 Objectives
Program of work addressing the industry trends:1. Produce a standard for an XML-based electronic paper format and XML-
based page description language based on existing implementations of the format called the XML Paper Specification, including:
• Produce a fully documented and unambiguous standard for an XML-based electronic paper format and page description language
• Produce appropriate W3C XML Schemas to enable automatic verification of files written to the standard
2. Assume responsibility for the ongoing maintenance and evolution of the OpenXPS Ecma International Standard
3. Develop standards while keeping compatibility with applications, devices, tools and platforms implementations based on prior XML Paper Specifications in mind
4. Evaluate and consider proposals for complementary or related additional technologies
5. Establish and maintain liaisons with other Ecma TCs and with other Standards Setting Organizations (SSOs) as appropriate to facilitate and promulgate the work of the TC
6. Evaluate and consider contributing the Ecma standard to an ISO and/or IEC TC for approval and adoption
TC46 Terms of Reference
Scope:
• The goal of the Technical Committee is to produce a formal standard for an XML-based electronic paper format and XML-based page description language which is consistent with existing implementations of the format called the XML Paper Specification (XPS)
• The Technical Committee will use the format called the XML Paper Specification (XPS) as a starting point with the aim to provide a standard, secure, and highly trustworthy format that enables a wide set of applications, devices, tools and platforms to implement compatible paginated-document workflows
• An additional goal will be to enable the interoperability of independently created software and hardware systems that produce, consume or otherwise process OpenXPS content
• The Technical Committee will be responsible for the ongoing maintenance and evolution of the standard
Martin Bailey – Global Graphics, TC46 Chair June 2007 – March 2009
Takashi Hashizume – Fuji Xerox, TC46 Vice Chair June 2007 – March 2009
TC46 OpenXPS Contributors
Autodesk, Inc
Brother Industries, Ltd
Canon, Inc
Ecma International
Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd
Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.
Global Graphics Software Ltd
Hewlett Packard Company
Konica Minolta Business Technologies
Lexmark International, Inc
Microsoft Corporation
Monotype Imaging
Océ Technologies B.V.
Pagemark Technology, Inc.
Panasonic Communications
QualityLogic, Inc
Ricoh Company, Ltd
Software Imaging Ltd
Toshiba TEC Corporation
Xerox Corporation
Zoran Corporation
TC46 Accomplishments
Open development process with feedback channel, published drafts, and liaisons
Remain consistent with the Scope and Terms of Reference of TC46 (tc46-2007-015.ppt)
Liaison relationships• ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29, SC28, SC34• Ecma TC45• ISO TC130, TC171• International Color Consortium (ICC)• ITU-T Study Group 16
Work process statistics• 24 months• >450 pages• 21 contributing companies• ~30 meetings of TC46 and ad hoc subcommittees, 8 of those face-to-face• 231 total issues addressed, 180 of those technical• ~130 committee documents• ~300MB email
Published the Ecma JFIF Technical Report as TC46/2009/044
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50
100
150
200
250
ECMA TC46 I ssue TrackingTotal issuesOpenClosed
Overview of OpenXPS
A standard for a document & print-stream format
Bridges electronic and physical paper
Addresses scanning, sharing, publication, printing & archiving phases of document lifecycle
Accurately represents the physical page
• Content doesn’t change
• Layout is fixed
• Format contains all resources
Trustworthy by design
Simple implementation
Platform independent
OpenXPS Addresses Industry Trends
Trend Key OpenXPS Features
Increasingly complex documents assembled from diverse applications
Complete graphics model, defined colour, clarified for consistent rendering
Increasing financial and environmental costs of unmanaged printing
Bridge between physical and electronic paper supports workflows that use streaming
More intelligent document peripherals are moving to become 1st class citizens in a document workflow
A format that enables rich document handling efficiently without requiring programmatic resources
Increasing use of 3D models and 3D prototyping, expanding the need for an electronic format to physical output bridge from 2D to 3D
Optional extension for 3D content uses X3D Specification Web3D, streamable and XML based, conforming to the X3D “Interoperability” conformance level: ISO/IEC FCD 19775-1r1:200x, ISO/IEC 19776-1:2005, or ISO/IEC 19776-3:2007
OpenXPS is based on a number of other standard (de facto or de jure) technologies:
Open Packaging Conventions & Markup Compatibility (ECMA-376)• ZIP (Physical Package as defined in OPC)
• Simplifies aggregation of XML and binary content
OpenType and Unicode• Open Font Format (ISO/IEC 14496-22:2007)• The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 • Unicode Character Database, Revision 4.0.0
International Color Consortium (ICC) colour profiles• Colour transform data format, ICC.1:2001-04, ISO 15076-1
Standardized colour encodings • IEC 61966-2-1, IEC 61966-2-2
TIFF, PNG, JPEG• Widely used image formats, supporting a variety of colour spaces,
bit depths and compression algorithms (lossless and lossy)
JPEG XR• Standardized in ITU-T Rec. T.832 and ISO/IEC 29199-2
OpenXPS is Based on Standards
OpenXPS Implementation Benefits
Defined for trustworthy document communication and high fidelity reproduction
• Validation against defined XML schema (no DTD)• Non-programmatic • No subsetting (one format, not a family of formats with different requirements
subsets (‘profiles’))• Feature set limited to electronic paper (2D and 3D)• Rely on pre-existing standards and broadly-based specifications
• Developers can utilize hardened codec
Workflow interoperability support• Clear delineation of producer and consumer responsibilities• Enables both streaming and random access
Widely used image formats, supporting a variety of defined colour spaces, bit depths and compression algorithms (lossless and lossy)
Intentionally IP royalty free, “OpenXPS” trademarked by Ecma
Easy progression from existing XPS implementations• XPS and OpenXPS content can be easily distinguished• Existing XPS consuming implementations can be updated to support OpenXPS
content with only minor modifications
Minimal Incremental Development Tool Costs
OpenXPS use of standard components enables use of a broad range of existing tools, including open source:•XML
•ZIP
•OpenType/Open Font Format fonts
•ICC colour management
•TIFF, PNG, JPEG
Tools written chiefly in C, C++ and/or Java
•Minimal cross-platform portability issues
Tools for OPC rapidly emerging
•Developers supporting ECMA-376
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