Dynamic(Spectrum(Access( - eu-ems.com · Dynamic Spectrum Access? • Inevitably, Dynamic Spectrum Access leads to sharing… – Unlicensed sharing, e.g. WiFi – Licensed Sharing,

Dynamic Spectrum Access

Prof. H Sama Nwana, Execu;ve Director Sub-‐Sahara Spectrum Management Conference, JoBurg.

18-‐19th Feb

Atlan;c Telecoms and Media Commercial in Confidence Page 2

“We, the Ministers responsible for Informa5on Communica5on Technologies (ICTs) in our respec5ve countries in Africa, assembled in Cape Town from the 4th–7th of June 2012 for the Inaugural ICT Indaba…hereby declare our common desire and commitment to eradicate the barriers of poverty through the promo5on and use of enabling ICTs to build and foster a people-‐centred knowledge-‐based economy in Africa.…We declare access to broadband communica1on as a basic human right in Africa and commit to increasing broadband penetra1on to approximately 80 per cent of the popula1on by 2020. This common vision draws its basis from the posi5ve impact exerted on economic growth through increasing Accessibility, Affordability, and Availability to broadband by all.” Inaugural ICT Indaba: African ICT Ministerial Declara7on, June 7, 2012. In June 2012.

“Indaba” is a Zulu word for a council or mee;ng of indigenous peoples of southern Africa who meet to discuss an important maRer.

Nous déclarons l'accès aux communica1ons à large bande comme un droit humain de base en Afrique

The Indaba Declara7on


BROADBAND COMMISSION


Broadband Commission broadband targets   Target 1: Making broadband policy universal. By 2015, all

countries should have a na;onal broadband plan/strategy or should include broadband in their universal access/service defini;ons.

  Target 2: Making broadband affordable. By 2015, entry-‐level broadband should cost less than 5 percent of average monthly income.

  Target 3: Connec;ng homes to broadband. By 2015, 40 percent of households in developing economies should have Internet access.

  Target 4: Ge[ng people online. By 2015, Internet user penetra;on should reach 60 percent worldwide, 50 percent in developing countries, and 15 percent in least-‐developed countries.

Closing the Digital Divide

•  Further Challenge 1 – incredible size of the African con;nent •  Further Challenge 2 – Africa’s billion+ more evenly distributed rela5vely

–  85% of Australians (23M) live within 50 kms of the coast

–  80% of Canadians (34M) live within 150km of US border –  64% of Americans largely live around their three main coasts: 38

(Atlan;c); 16 (Pacific) and 12 (Gulf of Mexico)

•  Further Challenge 3 – 70% of Africans live in rural Africa –  An incredible challenge for inclusion (“widespread”, “affordable”, etc.

– are hard to achieve”) •  Low ARPUs (US $ 4 to $10), i.e. 10 -‐ 20% of developed countries

–  Incredibly they are reducing… –  And more extensive and indispensable networks need to be built

from these monies

E.g. Africa’s massive size has implica;ons…

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Source: Telecommunications, Media and Technology (TMT) for Developing Economies” by Prof H Sama Nwana


Submarine cables bringing 75.5 Terrabytes by 2014 – must deliver for the MANY, not the FEW

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Agenda

•  About the DSA and what is Dynamic Spectrum Access?

•  Dynamic Spectrum Access: the case for it in Africa

•  Dynamic Spectrum Access is ge[ng real for Africa too: 802.11af

9 © 2014 Dynamic Spectrum Alliance

DSA Goals

•  Close the Digital Divide –  Support technical, regulatory, and business model innova;ons that make wireless broadband access more affordable for people around the world

•  Enabling the Internet of Things –  Support spectrum policies that can enable the burgeoning Internet of Things –  Increasing efficiency and improving quality of life

•  Allevia;ng the “Spectrum Crunch” –  Support changing regulatory policies that create ar;ficial spectrum scarcity –  Replace them with policies that will increase available bandwidth, reduce costs, and increase consumer choice

–  hRp://www.dynamicspectrumalliance.org


Dynamic Spectrum Access – What is it?

  A spectrum sharing approach that allows secondary users to

access the abundant spectrum holes or whitespaces in licensed spectrum bands

  DSA technology enables radios to safely share multiple frequency

bands without interfering with legacy and other protected wireless systems

Sharing fills the spectrum gap

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Dynamic Spectrum Access?

•  Inevitably, Dynamic Spectrum Access leads to sharing… –  Unlicensed sharing, e.g. WiFi –  Licensed Sharing, e.g. Licensed/Authorised Shared Access (LSA/ASA), cf. PMSE in the

UK –  Sharing is no longer the preserve of the unlicensed only.. –  Geolocation models, i.e. sharing emphasising geography –  Cognitive/sensing models

•  TV Whitespaces – can use geo-location or sensing for TV bands •  The constraints are NOW Regulation and Policy •  The lead times are NOT short!

•  470 MHz – 854 MHz (8 MHz TV channels): – Analogue TV, – Digital TV and – White spaces

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TV White spaces (unused radio waves in TV spectrum)

•  Defini;on in layman’s terms: “White spaces” refer to geographical areas Source: OFCOM where the radio spectrum is not used by the licensee.

•  White space spectrum can be poten;ally accessed by users other than the licensee, resul;ng in

–  increased overall spectrum efficiency. –  innova;ve new services, e.g Broadband.

•  Protec;on of the incumbent licensee(s) is paramount.

•  TV white spaces are already used UNCONTROVERSIALLY by two licensed services: PMSE and local TV.

Example: High power TV broadcasts using the same frequency need to leave spaces between

their coverage areas to avoid interference.

These frequencies can be used in the “white spaces” in between by lower-power

devices.

•  White Space = part of the spectrum, available for a radiocommunication application (service, system) at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering/non-protected basis with regard to primary and other services (CEPT Report 24, 2008)

•  “Temporary or local frequency voids unoccupied by primary signals”: 1.  Unallocated spectrum 2.  Allocated and/or assigned, but under-utilised spectrum 3.  Arises naturally between used channels as a result of interference

What are TV Whitespaces? Some Defini;ons

Agenda



•  Dynamic Spectrum Access is ge[ng real: 802.11af


Economic Regulation of Spectrum (Government receipts too)

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Fixed is non-‐existent! (Source -‐ SMA Mobile Observatory 2011)

Agenda



•  Dynamic Spectrum Access is ge[ng real: 802.11af


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WiFi would be big business in Africa

 EBU es;mates that 71% of all wireless data to mobile devices in the EU was delivered using Wi-‐Fi in 2014

 Globally 45% of total mobile traffic was offloaded onto WiFi or femto in 2013

 Without WiFi offload, mobile data traffic would have grown 98% rather than 81% in 2013

 Thanki (2012) notes that by “enhancing the value of fixed home BB, WiFi generates US $52-‐99B of consumer surplus each year”!

 Absent WiFi, 140K to 450K extra sites would be needed at a cost of US $30 to $90 Billions

 So WiFi/license-‐exempt complements licensed

802.11af WFA Timeline

TTG Forma7on

TSoW Approved

Tech Spec

Test Plan

Plugfest Blind Poll

Test Event and Plugfests

NPI

Test Bed & ATL Qual

Program Launch

Q2‘yr

TTG Staff BoD

O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Blue – future Milestone Green - Completed

Black – Task Duration

TTGStaff BoD

TE PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7

Q1‘yr Q4‘yr Q2’yr Q4‘yr Q4‘yr Q2‘yr Q3‘yr Q1‘yr Q3‘yr Q1‘yr Q3‘yr Q4‘yr

TTG BoD

First DraY

First DraY

Market Window from MRD (if applicable)

•  White Spaces (WS-‐MTG) –  MRD approved December 10, 2012 –  Passed Blind Poll July 20, 2014 –  SRD approved September 23, 2014

  White Spaces (WS-‐TTG) –  Forma;on mee;ng (sept) 9/23/14 –  Ini;al schedule es;mate

TVW

S

2014 2015 2016

Roadmap

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802.11af 1x1 BB/MAC �

802.11af 1x1 FPGA�

MT769x

802.11af 2x2 BB/MAC �

MT7690

Antenna (USB Dongle)

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PCB antenna for 470~790MHz and on-‐board mechanical antenna proposed

System Architecture ASIC

BB RFIC

ADC

DAC PA

PLL

32MHz Clock

Gain, Control Bus PA enable

MAC (w/ CPU)

PLL

OSC1 SPI

USB

TVWS ASIC by MTK

PLL

LPF

-‐55dBc (-‐65dBc)

-‐61dBc (-‐70dBc)

-‐20dBc

-‐40dBc

RF/PA by 3rd Party


“The ITU World Radiocommunication Conference of 2012 concluded that the current international regulatory framework can accommodate software defined radio and cognitive radio systems, hence dynamic spectrum access, without being changed. The development of systems implementing this concept, such as TV white spaces, is therefore essentially in the hands of national regulators in each country.

….For this, regulators will depend on state of the art best practices which are currently developed by ITU-R Study Groups 1, 5 and 6.”

François Rancy, Director, ITU Radiocommunication Bureau ITU Radiocommunication Seminar for Arab Countries, RRS13-Arab Tunis, Tunisia on December 13, 2013

TV Whitespaces & the ITU

Ghana has allowed TV Whitespace based broadband from January 2015

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Documents

Dynamic(Spectrum(Access( - eu-ems.com · Dynamic Spectrum Access? • Inevitably, Dynamic Spectrum Access leads to sharing… – Unlicensed sharing, e.g. WiFi – Licensed Sharing,