Dvd Styler Guide

8/10/2019 Dvd Styler Guide

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Authoring DVD-VideoUsing Alex Thüring's DVDStyler

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)ro*e%t (on igur"tion

=hen starting a ne) pro4ect, the =elcome )indo) and "$" ;ptions )indo)pro'ide the basic configuration options%

: .he "isc label )ill become the 'olume label for the disc >'isible on computers?%: (tandard single layer "$"@< discs ha'e a capacity of A% GB* dual layer discs

ha'e a capacity of C%D GB% .he unlimited option in "isc capacity is intended forcomputer use only* the image generated cannot be burned to disc if it e ceedsthe applicable capacity%

: $ideo Euality is best left on uto* "$"(tyler can manage the bitrate accordingto the length of included titles% .he manual options offer fine tuning if desired%

: .he 'ideo format, aspect ratio and audio format should be set according to thestandards of target "$" players and the title 'ideo% +nformation on N.(- / P #and supported audio formats is a'ailable in !urther <esources %

!urther considerations before editing the pro4ect include the number of menusand features desired% sers must ha'e an interface to select options, and drafting

a list of menus )ill e pedite pro4ect editing% Generic menu information is a'ailablein 9enu 6rrata and detailed menu limitations and solutions are a'ailable in d'anced (cripting % .his guide )ill co'er the follo)ing features F

: !orced !irst play clip: Play all command: 9enu transitions: <emember last pressed menu buttons >if manual implementation is necessary?: 6nable resume: Pre'ent access to selected elements e cept by the menu interface

;n initially loading, "$"(tyler pro'ides a =elcome 9enu to help set up a ne)pro4ect or open an e isting one% .his menu is a combination of the "$" ;ptions)indo) and a list of recently opened pro4ects% .he t)o )indo)s appear as follo)sF



Adding +enus "nd Video

9enus and titles )ill be encoded into the pro4ect in the order that they areadded, )ith one e ceptionF 'm9enus >'ideo manager menus? are al)ays at thebeginning of the pro4ect% 9enus and titles can be lin ed from any)here in the discand title and menu locations can be shifted some)hat, so order is not paramount,ho)e'er if a particular structure is desired the corresponding elements must be

added in the correct order% !ollo)ing preference, add all necessary menus andtitles using the "$" dd menu list, the toolbar dd button, or the right clicmenu )hile ho'ering o'er the titleset managerHs )hitespace% Note that the toolbar

dd button is restricted to adding titles% .his process is demonstrated belo)%

.his pro4ect includes one main menu >'m9enu 1?, one sub menu >9enu 1? andfour titles% "$"(tyler starts a non template pro4ect )ith a single menu >9enu 1?,so the 'm9enu and titles >'ideos? 1 through A )ere added in succession%

No) that all elements are present, roughly edit the menus to identify )hat each)ill e'entually be% (elect each menu icon in the titleset manager to display it forediting and choose a temporary bac ground from the built in set by doubleclic ing on an appropriate image in the sidebar% dd a title to the menu by rightclic ing on the main display and selecting dd .e t% .ype in the title of the menuand select ;I% "onHt forget to sa'e this rough 'ersion* the pro4ect no) has theo'erall structure )hich )ill be on the final "$"%



#"si% +enu ,diting

"$"(tyler pro'ides many tools for menu editing% .he first is the border outlinesho)ing the .$ safe area% .ele'isions regularly clip a percentage of the image,called o'erscan >see !urther <esources ?, but this percentage 'aries from displayto display% +mportant te t and buttons that must be displayed, for instance menuinterfaces, should be confined to an area )hich is ten percent smaller in each

dimension, thus fi'e percent per edge% Pro'ided no necessary information is in thisregion, the menu should appear complete to the 'ie)er% .his border may betoggled by right clic ing on the main display and >de?selecting $ie) (ho) (afe.$ area%

;ther menu editing tools include dra)ing elements such as ellipses, rectanglesand frames >)hich are rectangles )ith rounded corners? as )ell as te t and te t)ith shado)% 6 ternal images may also be added% ll of these tools are accessibleby right clic ing on the main display and selecting the appropriate option from the

dd menu%

-ustomi ed bac grounds are possible by modifying the properties of the menuFright clic the main display )hile the menu is 'isible or right clic its icon in thetitleset manager and select Properties% +n the Bac ground section of the )indo),type in the location of the custom bac ground or clic the ellipsis button to theright to open the file manager )indo) and na'igate to the custom image >or

'ideo?% 9edia should be the same aspect ratio as the disc >1K L or A &?* all input)ill be scaled to 20 D K or 20 AC0 according to the format of the disc%

ll graphic elements in the menu are aligned to a grid by default% .oggling thegrid and modifying its dimensions and 'isibility are accomplished by right clic ingthe main display and selecting the appropriate option from the Grid menu%



+enu ,rr"t"

Professional "$" menus typically ha'e 'ideo bac grounds and accompanyingaudio )hich loop to pro'ide an immersi'e e perience immediately on loading adisc% "$"(tyler partially >as of 'ersion 1%C%A? supports custom 'ideo bac grounds>)ithout static o'erlays?, including the functionality to loop playbac % =hile theoption to pause the menu e ists, this functionality is not optimal for e'ery

circumstance% (ome free soft)are media players omit menu functionality, and inthe remainder the menu stability is often 8uestionable% !or reasons beyond thescope of this document, rendering button graphics correctly seems to be anongoing issue% -ontinuous looping playbac is presently one of the best)or arounds% .his adds the benefit of re rendering the interface at each loop,mitigating issues )ith rendering failure >blac screen?%

"$" menus typically di'ide 'ie)er selectable features into se'eral separatemenus% 6ach feature corresponds )ith a button present on most "$" playerremotes )hich 4umps directly to the corresponding menu% "esignating a functionfor a menu is not mandatory* it is done only to simplify direct menu na'igation%

9any combinations are possible* the follo)ing is a guideline for t)o basic "$"structures that result in an intuiti'e interfaceF

: .he "in enu is al)ays a v +enu >'ideo manager menu?, and isdesignated the title menu%

: .he "udio enu and su&title enu comprise one +enu , )hich isdesignated as both the audio and subtitle menu%

: +n a single title >single 'ideo? "$", the %h" ter enu is a +enu and isdesignated both the chapter and root menu%

: +n a multiple title >multiple 'ideo? "$", the %h" ter enu is a +enu andis designated the chapter menu%

: +n a multiple title "$", the e isode sele%tion enu is a +enu and isdesignated the root menu%

+mportantly, a 'm9enu can only be mar ed as the title menu and a normal>titleset? 9enu can be mar ed as any menu other than the title menu% =hile"$"(tyler offers the feature of an ngle menu, the documentation for d'dauthor>the bac end )hich creates the "$" filesystem? states that this is untested% nglefunctionality re8uires additional information in the 'ideo stream, but you can testit )ith a multiple ed 'ideo stream if you ha'e one >see !urther <esources ?%

s a general rule, menus )hich include thumbnails >shrun en pictures? of 'ideoframes should ha'e at ma imum four to si thumbnails depending on their si erelati'e to the menu% (caling frames smaller to include more thumbnails results ina lac of detail rendering the use of thumbnails inconse8uential% "$"(tylersupplies a default frame button to simplify this implementation%

(ince 'ideo bac grounds are partially supported in menus, additional menusmay be used to implement menu transitions% (ince transitions are not interacti'emenus, they probably should not be designated as any of the primary menus listedabo'e* rather, command scripting should handle their display% 9enu transitions, as)ell as other features, are detailed in d'anced -ommand (cripting%



+"n"ging (h" tersBefore )or ing on the commands to lin menus and titles, set the chapter

points for each title% -hapters are used to access particular scenes of the titlecon'eniently )ithout fast for)ard or re)ind type scanning%

.ype in the %h" ter oints follo)ing

the format MM7F 99F ((M%sss )herethe units in brac ets are optional, andseparate each chapter )ith a comma)ithout spaces%

i%e% 0F00,22%2&A,1F1AF2C%AK

;ptionally, use the (h" ters +enu to define chapter, program and cellpoints% Programs, cells, and cellcommands )ill be described in

d'anced -ommand (cripting %

.he -hapters 9enu pro'ides areference frame )hen settingna'igation points% se the slider orpro'ided field to select anappropriate time for your chapterpoints% dd the chapter by clic ingon the green plus button% .o remo'ea chapter, highlight the appropriateentry in the left hand list and clicthe red minus button%

+f you )ish to change theproperties of a highlightedchapter in the list, clic on the)rench icon button% .his )ill openthe (ell )ro erties +enu % +n themenu, you can select )hether thena'igation point is a chapter, cell><egular cell? or a program% Ooucan also set a pause length at theend of the cell, program orchapter and e ecute a single "$"player cell command%

-hapters, programs and cells can beedited later, so setting all na'igationpoints as chapters is fine for no)%

-hapters9enu

-ell Properties9enu



Video ,n%oding=ith chapters accounted for, the encoding settings for titles and menus should

no) be set% (elect the correct 'ideo and audio format and language for each titleaccording to the disc format >P # / N.(-?%

.he Title )ro erties )indo)pro'ides a drop do)n bo )ith optionsfor 'ideo and audio encoding% -opyingaudio or 'ideo uses that particularaspect of the input file in the final "$"as is% .his re8uires that the inputformat is "$" compatible, and speedsup the "$" creation process%

-lic on the tool icon button toaccess the Video )ro erties )indo)

for the title% .his presents editingoptions including trimming, cropping,padding, and fading, )ith interlacedor progressi'e encoding% dditionally,!!mpeg command line 'ideo filtersmay be applied by using the pro'idedfield >audio filters are not supported?%(ee !urther <esources for moreinformation on interlacing and 'ideofilters% (et the destination format andaspect ratio and the auto / nopanscan /noletterbo format if )idescreen% .helatter t)o restrict the display mode forsubtitles and subpictures%

$ideoProperties



+enu ,n%oding / (o "nd $ntrodu%tion $ideo encoding and chapters ha'e no) been set% ll that remains of the 'ideo

options is to specify ho) the menus )ill be displayed% ll 'm9enus and 9enus)ithin a single titleset )ill ha'e the same display settings% .hus for both)idescreen and full frame presentations on a disc, multiple titlesets must be used%

(et the format, aspect ratio and "uto /no "ns%"n / noletter&ox setting >if)idescreen? as appropriate for 9enus ineach titleset and 'm9enus% sing thenopanscan or noletterbo settingspermit more buttons on )idescreenmenus% .his )ill be co'ered in moredetail in d'anced -ommand (cripting %

$ntrodu%ing (o "nds

t this point e'erything is ready forsetting the commands )hich )ill controlho) the disc )ill function% +n addition tobuttons on the menus, the beha'ior ofeach menu, title, and portions thereof>chapters, programs, cells? can becontrolled by commands% "$"(tyleroffers an e tensi'e list of defaultcommands you can use )hen building

your disc% .hey are presented in dropdo)n menus on each of the appropriateproperties menus%

=hile this is more than ade8uate for basic and moderately complicated discs,sometimes the default commands cannot accomplish uni8ue tas s% .his is )herethe command scripting section of this guide comes into play% -ommand (cripting)ill begin )ith fundamentals, e plaining ho) na'igation, logical tests andarithmetic form the core of commands% $ariables are used to store informationfor later use, li e )hich menu )as last 'ie)ed% .his is follo)ed by more complecommands and their uses as )ell as a section on possible features to implement%

(ince reference manuals are typically dry and difficult to follo), t)o6 ample (tructures are included after the scripting section to relate thecommands in a functional manner to a disc structure%

(o leting the Dis%=hen the commands to control the disc functions ha'e been added, generate

the disc image and optionally burn the disc from the #urn indo >the red discbutton on the main interface toolbar?% +f you ha'e hard dri'e space, sa'ing theimage >+(;? to burn later )ill help pre'ent burning discs )ith errors% Oou canalso pre'ie) the finished pro4ect by the option in the Burn )indo)%



(o "nd S%ri ting The #"si%s

;ne of the functions of "$"(tyler is to pro'ide a Graphical ser +nterface >G +?to the "$" filesystem generating program d'dauthor% ll scripting commands fordiscs generated by "$"(tyler therefore inherit their language and synta fromthis bac end% Generally, this loo s similar to the - programming language%

.he commands used in authoring a disc are composed of statements, eachstatement being a sentence in the scripting language% 6ach statement ends in asemicolon >*? )hich allo)s multiple statements to be )ritten on the same line% .hisis important for our purposes since commands in "$"(tyler must be entered in asingle line input menu pro'ided that the supplied commands do not suffice%

(tatements may assign a 'alue to a 'ariable, na'igate from one part of the "$"to another, perform a test to conditionally do one of the pre'ious operations, orcombine all three actions% .hese )ill be bro en do)n in orderF

: $ariables allo) user options and playing conditions to be temporarily stored%

!unctionally, they are called registers and the registers a'ailable forcommand scripting are called general purpose registers% .his is abbre'iatedby the letter HgH follo)ed by a number designation% +n total, there are 1K ofthese general purpose registers ranging from g0 to g1D% 7o)e'er, due tothe specifications of the "$" standard, na'igating from an arbitrary pointon the disc to a particular menu or title is potentially complicated% helperfunction is a'ailable to handle those comple ities >more later?, but itreser'es g1&, g1A and g1D to perform its tas s% Generally, minimi ing thenumber of 'ariables used )ill permit more interacti'ity and features in themenu interface as )ell as allo) the use of this shortcut%

: .he synta for assigning a 'alue to a 'ariable isFregister name Q your number or equation * i%e% g0Q102A*

: Na'igation bet)een pairs of "$" menus and titles is accomplished by thecommands jump 3 and call 3 and each is tailored to a specific purpose% .hecall command na'igates from a title to a menu% +n addition, the originlocation is sa'ed so that the title can optionally be resumed by the resume 3command% ll other na'igation throughout the disc is accomplished by the

jump command, )hich sa'es no point for resume %

: .he synta for na'igation is as follo)sF

+enu to +enu +enu to Title 4ump menu name * 4ump title name *i%e% 4ump menu 1* i%e% 4ump title 1*

Title to +enu Title to Titlecall menu name * 4ump title name *i%e% call menu 2* i%e% 4ump title 2*

9ore ad'anced usage of these commands is included later%



#"si% (o "nd S%ri ting (ondition"l St"te ents

-onditionally e ecuted operations ta e the form of an if statement% Pro'ided thetest is true, the proceeding operation is e ecuted%

: .he test for an if statement must be either true or false% Because of thelimited scripting commands, this means that the test must be a comparisonbet)een t)o 'alues, i%e% the first is e8ual, not e8ual, less than, greater than,less than or e8ual to, or greater than or e8ual to the second 'alue%<especti'ely, these comparisons use the symbols QQ, 5Q, R, , RQ, Q orthe alphabetic mnemonics e8, ne, lt, gt, le, ge% +mportantly, the symbol QQcompares the t)o 'alues in the test )hereas Q sets the 'alue of a 'ariable*remember to use the appropriate symbol%

: -omparisons may use the follo)ing set of mathematical operationsFaddition, subtraction, multiplication, di'ision, and modulo<especti'ely, these use the symbols S, T, U, /, and V

>an additional class of operators is reser'ed for later discussion?

W .hese operations are also permitted throughout the script

W for reference, the modulo operation returns the remainder of one integer di'ided by another, i%e% 11V& Q 2 since 11/& Q & S 2/&

: -omparisons are not statements, so they do not end in a semicolon%

: .he complete form of the if statement is as follo)sF

if > comparison ? conditional operation * else conditional operation *

)here the else clause of the if statement is optional%

n if statement can conditionally e ecute a bloc of statements% .his pro'ides

multiple conse8uences for a single test% .his ta es the formF if > comparison ? X first operation * second operation * %%% * Y

: Bloc s group a set of statements >already ended by semicolons? by placingthem inside braces, so they do not use any further symbols to designatetheir end% Bloc s are necessary in the abo'e form for if statements* theymay be used outside of this conte t, but such use is optional%

9ore ad'anced usage of these commands is included later%

-ommand scripting is used for button actions, before and after menus and titlesas pre and post commands, and in defining the first play commands >e ecuted on

loading the disc?% Pro'ided a button is selected before the menu ends, the buttoncommand is e ecuted instead of the menu post command% .he follo)ing e ampledemonstrates the combination of the preceding statements%

!irst play commandF g0QC* 4ump menu 1* +s title 1 sho)n if themenu 1 lengthF 100 frames corresponding buttonmenu 1 post commandF 4ump menu 1* in menu 1 is pressedZmenu 1 button 1F 4ump title 1* Oes T since CV2 Q 0,title 1 pre commandF if >g0V2QQ1? call menu 1* the condition does nottitle 1 post commandF call menu 1* satisfy the if statement,

so the title is played%



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 (o leting the (o "nd Set

=hile the command list from the pre'ious section co'ers the basics of scripting,this section )ill pro'ide an e hausti'e list of commands and demonstrate a set offeatures in 'arious permutations% .reat this section as a des reference and returnto it for definitions and clarification% nderstanding the entirety of "$" scriptingby reading the command set alone is an e cessi'e e pectation* this illustrates the

premise behind this guide% : .here are t)o 'arieties of menusF one is the 'ideo manager menu >'m9enu?

and the second is the titleset menu >9enu?% +deological use aside, the onlydifference bet)een these t)o menus is their restrictions on na'igation%Na'igating from a 'm9enu > v g enu number 3 in script? to a titlesetmenu > titleset number enu number 3? re8uires that the titleset menu isthe root menu in the titleset >mar ed by red brac ets in the titleset managerof "$"(tyler?% .his is directly due to the formal "$" specification%Permitted na'igation is as follo)sF

W 'm9enu can 4ump to any other 'm9enu, the root menu in each titleset>defaulting to the first menu? or any title% .itles are numbered se8uentiallyon the disc independent of titlesets in this usage%

4ump 'mgm menu number * 4ump titleset number menu* 4ump title number *

W titleset menu can 4ump to any 'm9enu or any menu or title in itstitleset% .he titleset number descriptor is optional%

4ump 'mgm menu number * 4ump menu number * 4ump title number *

W title can call any 'm9enu or the root menu in its titleset or 4ump to anytitle in its titleset% .he titleset number descriptor is not permitted% .itlenumbers are determined by the present titleset only%

call 'mgm menu number * call menu* 4ump title number *

.o alle'iate the incon'enience of restricted na'igation, the d'dauthorde'elopers created a feature called *u "ds 3 )hich reser'es generalpurpose registers g1&, g1A and g1D to permit na'igation bet)een any t)otitles, menus or combination thereof% .his distinguishes titleset menus andtitles by the titleset )hich contains them% +f enabled, they may be )ritten astitleset number enu number 3 and titleset number title number 3 in

all circumstances* d'dauthor adds in the necessary scripting for na'igation%+f the formal na'igation is sufficient, this feature need not be enabled*other)ise, go to the "$" ;ptions )indo) to acti'ate -reate 4umppads%3

: 9ore generali ed menu calls and 4umps are possible >gi'en the proper tagsare set in the menu properties? by specifying menus by their entries insteadof numbers % 6ntries areF title , root , su&title , "udio , "ngle , and tt U%

call / 4ump menu name entry menu tag * U ptt Q chapteri%e% call menu entry root* 4ump menu entry audio* menu

9enus )ithout tags must use the number method% Na'igation rules apply%



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 (o "nd Set (ontinued

: ny chapter in a title is a 'alid 4ump target from any menu >though thecommand is different )ithout 4umppads?% -hapter na'igation is as follo)sF

4ump titleset number title number chapter number * >upper e ample 4ump title number chapter number * uses 4umppads? 4ump title number program number * 4ump title number cell number *

.he last three e amples presume na'igation in the present titleset% -ustomcell and program definitions e pand on the use of chapters% 7ierarchically, acell is the most basic unit of 'ideo and has no direct method for userinteraction% Programs are supersets of cells )hich also pro'ide na'igationpoints for the pre'ious and ne t buttons on a player% !inally, chapters areprograms that d'dauthor has mar ed for direct na'igation% .he commands

*u rogr" number; and *u %ell number na'igate )ithin a title>or menu5 T menu calls also )or ?% ;ther targets areF

cell top ne t cell pre' cellprogram top ne t program pre' programpgc top ne t pgc pre' pgcUup pgc pgc tail >Ucurrently unsupported?

.hese targets in the blue bo can only be accessed by the 4ump command%

.he top3 group identifies the beginning of each unit, ne t3 is the follo)ingunit, and pre'3 is the pre'ious unit% Generally, a single title or menu is apgc and the pgc tail is the post command of the present title or menu%

: -ell commands are li e pre and post commands, but are e ecuted at theend of a cell >prior to a post command? and must compile to a single

command for a "$" player% (ee !urther <esources for a complete list% : .he resume command > resume*3 ? may be used from any menu, but the

title it 4umps to >and the particular time )ithin that title? depends on)hether or not the menu has been called during a title% +f the menu is called)hile a title is playing, the resume command )ill 4ump bac to the title andtime )hen the menu )as called earlier% ;ther)ise, the command )ill 4umpto the first title in the first titleset% resume point may be manually set)hen the menu is called >by pre or post command, cell command or buttono'er 'ideo Mlast currently unsupported in "$"(tyler ? by specifying thereturn cell if the resume command is issued% .his is done in the callcommand as follo)sF

call target menu resume cell *

By default, d'dauthor processes the chapter list resulting in cells )ithoutcell commands% .herefore, replace cell )ith the desired chapter number >inthe present title?% +f using custom cells, cells may differ from chapters%

: pseudo random number generator is pro'ided by the function r"ndo 45 %.he function accepts positi'e 'alues or e pressions )hich produce positi'e

'alues and outputs an integer bet)een 1 and the input 'alue, inclusi'ely%

random>A? )ill output either 1, 2, & or A, in a pseudo random fashion%



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 (o "nd Set (o leted : +n addition to the general purpose registers a'ailable for any scripting,

there are t)enty four purpose defined system registers denoted s0 to s2&%;f these, four are common for interface purposes* they control the defaultangle, audio, highlighted >focused? button, and subtitle% .hese registers maybe in'o ed as "ngle , "udio , &utton , and su&title or referred to by their

formal designations, respecti'ely s3 , s1 , s6 and s %W -urrently, d'dauthor documentation states that angle functionality isuntested% ccording to the "$" standard, this accepts 'alues 1 L% -elldefinitions and commands are helpful to gain full angle functionality, butd'dauthor may need further de'elopment to enable this%

W .here are eight permitted audio streams, 0 % "$"(tyler automaticallydenotes them from lo)est to highest, beginning )ith the audio embeddedin the input 'ideo >if present?% .he stream number increases according tothe order in )hich the audio trac s are added to each title 'ia theproperties )indo)% +f the stream is set to a 'alue of 1D, no sound )ill play%

W .he default highlighted button is referenced by the button numbermultiplied by 102A% 6ach button number is sho)n on its properties)indo), counting up from 1 according to the order in )hich the buttonsare added% ma imum of thirty si buttons are permitted on a menu,di'ided bet)een the display modes* for full frame, all thirty si arepermitted, and for )idescreen, t)el'e may be displayed unless theoptions no "ns%"n 3 or noletter&ox 3 are set, )hich permit eighteen%

W .here are a ma imum of thirty t)o subtitle streams, 0 &1% "$"(tyler doesnot pro'ide forced subtitle controls >)here only some subtitles are forcedto be displayed? by default all subtitles are forced% (till, adding KA to thestream number sho)s all subtitles in trac s )ith non forced subtitles%.rac KA sho)s e'erything in stream 0% .rac K2 disables subtitles, andtrac K& finds the 'ie)erHs default language tag >)ith stream 0 default?%

Setting v"lues7 register name Q 'alue* audioQ0* or s1Q0* : +n addition to the comparison operators > QQ, 5Q, R, , RQ, Q ?, #oole"n

logi%"l o er"tors may chain up to t)o comparisons together in an if statement% .his uses Boolean logic 'ia H "nd H, Hnot H, Hor H and Hxor H >e clusi'eor?% Boolean HandH re8uires that both comparisons before and after HandH aretrue for the test to be satisfied% !or instance, 2QQ2 and AQQA3 )ould testtrue, so the conditional operation )ould be e ecuted% Boolean HnotH logicallynegates the truth of the comparison after it% .hus, not 2QQ&3 )ould test

true% Boolean HorH re8uires that either >or both? of the comparisons are true%7ence, DQQD or 2QQ23 )ould test true% Boolean H orH re8uires that one ofthe comparisons is true >but not both?% (o DQQD or 2QQ23 )ould testfalse* both comparisons are true% .he logical HandH, HnotH, and HorH operatorsmay also be )ritten H 88 H, H9H and H:: H, respecti'ely%;ote7 not all players )ill correctly process t)o comparisons* nested if st"te ents "re reli"&le , ho)e'er% if > test_1 ? X if >test_2 ? Xcommands *Y Y

: #it ise logi%"l o er"tors HandH, HorH and H orH are supplied by the symbolsH8 H, H:H, and H< H T these perform the same Boolean logic as abo'e, butindi'idually to each bit in a 'alue% ll 'alues are 1K bit nonnegati'e integers%



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 =e"ture De onstr"tion=ith the fundamentals and detailed definitions no) co'ered, e amples of some

possible features are in order% .his is )here the fun begins and authoringcustomi ation starts% little more on menu structure first%

(uppose you )ant a simple one menu "$"% .his seems fine in principle, butshould the interface be a 'm9enu or a titleset 9enuZ <emember that a 'm9enuis the only menu type that can be a title menu% .his means that )ithout a

'm9enu, pressing the title menu button on a 'ie)erHs remote )ill result in anerror* in the best circumstances the player )ill ignore the button press% =ithout atitleset 9enu, though, none of the other entries >root, chapter, etc%? can be set%.he solution is to ma e the titleset 9enu the main menu interface and add a blan

'm9enu )ith the title entry set% (et the pre command of the 'm9enu to 4ump tothe titleset 9enu and you ha'e an instant e'erything in one menu% .his principleapplies e'en to multi menu interfaces )here you )ant the title menu remotebutton and the root menu remote button to display the same menu% Note that thisis referred to as a du y enu 3 since it ser'es no purpose but to redirectna'igation%

=ith all the comple ity of na'igation )ith multiple titlesets, )hy not thro) themout and 4ust eep it simpleZ +tHs a fair point and )ill simplify the process ofbuilding a "$", but there is a 'ery nice feature a'ailable to ulti le titlesets Feach titleset can ha'e its o)n root, chapter, audio, subtitle and angle menus% +f a

'ie)er presses the remote button to call one of these menus from a particulartitleset, the menu in that titleset )ill be displayed% .his allo)s 'ery di'ersecontent to be compiled onto a disc and results in menus )hich are tailored fortheir particular titles% .hemed appearances result is a professional loo ing "$"interface% .he end goal is ease of use for a 'ie)er* an intuiti'e interface is al)aysa good idea% Just remember that the "$"(tyler interface does not let you add

more menus or titles to an earlier titleset once youH'e added a ne) titleset >rightclic on )hitespace in the titleset manager for the option?%

;f all features to include, a irst l"y %li is probably the most noticeable%(ince interacti'e menus in "$"(tyler cannot ha'e 'ideo bac grounds, theinterface )ill seem 'ery spartan if there is no 'ideo introduction% first play clipis one of the easiest features to enable% .his may be a feature title or thebac ground of a menu used as an introduction% Go to "$" ;ptions and set the!irst Play -ommands to 4ump to the appropriate menu or title% +n the introductioncase, set the post command to 4ump to the main menu% .echnically spea ing,thatHs all that is necessary% +f you )ould li e to ma e your discs dummy proof, alittle scripting can force the clip to be played as long as the player follo)s precommands% =hen a "$" is loaded, e'ery general purpose register is set to ero%.his can be used to determine if the disc has been recently loaded% Pic a generalpurpose register to use in your test T it really doesnHt matter )hat 'ariable isused, 4ust that a single 'ariable is referenced% dd the follo)ing pre command toall primary >tagged? menus and e'ery title on the disc >e cept the first play clip?F

if > your variable QQ0? navigate to first play clip destination *

and the follo)ing post command to the first play clipF

your variable Qsome value greater than zero * navigate to desired location *



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 +ore =e"tures.he pre'ious first play clip can act as an introduction, but further transitional

elements )ill li ely impro'e the reception of the interface% +enu tr"nsitions help to ma e the "$" presentation seamless% (imilarly as the first play clip, menutransitions use an additional menu to display the 'ideo content, using a manuallyset bac ground clip% se the follo)ing commands for each menu transitionF

outbound buttonF 4ump transition menu destination *menu post commandF 4ump appropriate menu destination *

NoteF a transition clip can function as the na'igation bridge bet)een t)o titlesetmenus >thus a'oiding 4umppads? if the clip is the bac ground of a 'm9enu%

.he resu e feature helps 'ie)ers change settings mid title )hile not losing theprogress on 'ie)ing the title% 7o)e'er, sometimes a play3 button is assumed tobe a resume button and this confusion can result in the loss of the resume point%.o combine these t)o buttons, dedicate a register to the current playing statusF)hen the main title is selected, sa'e a non ero 'alue to the register and )hen thetitle is complete set the 'alue bac to ero% .herefore, if any play button is pressedand the 'alue in the play status register is not ero, the button )ill resume%

play buttonF if > your variable==0 ? X your variable Qvalue greater than zero * 4ump title destination; Y else X resume* Y

title post commandF your variable Q0* call appropriate menu *

.his same principle can be used to create a l"y "ll button% 7ere, one 'alueindicates that some se8uence should be played and another indicates that a singleepisode should be played% .he play all3 flag in the button properties uses 'alues

13 and 03 in register g0 to handle this in the bac ground for all titles%

play all buttonF your variable Qvalue 1 * 4ump first title in sequence *play episode buttonF your variable Qvalue 2 * 4ump particular title *

title post commandsF if > your variable QQ value 1 ? 4ump next title;

else X your variable Q0* call menu destination * Y

last title post commandF if > your variable QQ value 1 ?

X your variable Q0* call menu ith play all button; !

else X your variable Q0* call menu destination * Y

.his principle is not limited to t)o settings >playing the entire disc 'ersus onetitle?, and may be e tended to a play list button% +n this mode, the 'alue of the 'ariable indicates the precise na'igation through all the titles on the disc% !orinstance, music 'ideos could be categori ed according to indi'idual performers,group performers, song)riters, genre, dates, albums, trac numbers >thoughcreating groups of first, second, etc% trac s from different albums might seem alittle random?, or any other criteria imaginable to determine the titles to be playedand in )hat particular order% 6ach play list has a number assigned to it and eachtitle uses a long string of post command tests to na'igate according to the play list

'alue% .hough this )ould ta e a )hile to set up, it )ould li ely be impressi'e tothe 'ie)er% -reating a spreadsheet for reference )hen scripting this is a must%



Adv"n%ed (o "nd S%ri ting 2 (o leting the =e"ture Set!inally, )hat menu interface )ould seem professional )ithout a reasonable

default highlighted buttonZ .o re e &er the l"st- ressed enu &utton , selectone general purpose register for each menu )hich )ill remember buttons% +n thecommand of e'ery button )hich 4umps a)ay from the menu, sa'e the 'alue of thebutton number multiplied by 102A to the appropriate register% Button numbers are

'isible on their properties )indo) as )ell as in the status bar% (et the precommand of each applicable menu to highlight the sa'ed menu button as follo)sF

button commandF your variable Q102AU button number * 4ump destination *

menu pre commandF buttonQ pressed button variable *

.he default button may also be set by the abo'e pre command using a fi ed 'alue%

.his feature is included in "$"(tyler, but is referenced here for further use belo)%

(onserving V"ri"&les

=hen combining features, it helps to note )hen conditions for one featureo'erlap )ith another feature% !or instance, the ero 'alue of some register used totest the first play 'ideo is compatible )ith all other features so the 'ariable usedby the first play test can easily be shared )ith another feature% (imilarly, the playall, resume and title restriction features can all share a 'ariable since they are allrelated to the current status of play% Sh"ring v"ri"&les conser'es scriptingresources and permits more features and interacti'ity% +f space gets particularlycramped, try designing the menu interface so that *u "ds may be deacti'ated>this pro'ides three more registers?% Perhaps better in conser'ing 'ariables >butmore complicated to implement?, the last pressed button on se'eral menus can becombined by treating the 'ariable as a si teen bit counter% (uppose there areeight buttons on a menu* then three bits of the shared 'ariable >2 &QC? can then beused to sa'e )hich button )as last pressed 'ia &it ise logi% %

& bits for this menu first bit place T 1 Q A 2 A Q 1K

binary 'alue 111111111 000 1111 Q KDA2& decimal 'alue

storingF temporary variable Q your variable [ KDA2&* your variable Q temporary variable \ >>button number " 1?U1K?*

binary 000000000 111 0000 Q 112

retrie'ingF temporary variable Q > your variable [ 112?S1*buttonQ temporary variable U 102A*

.his is a little complicated * ? but if 'ariables are in short supply this method )illdefinitely conser'e space% Note that 'ariable sharing can be implemented in otherinstances also% ltimately, it is possible to ha'e a 'ery large number of menus andfeatures included on a "$" pro'ided that you plan out the structure thoroughly%

9ost pro4ects do not e'en remotely need to consider the binary logic abo'e, butit can ser'e as a reminder of the adaptability and fle ibility of the "$" platform%

.he final step after designing all of the menus, adding titles, setting chapterpoints and encoding settings, and adding assorted commands is to sa'e thepro4ect and burn the disc% .he pro4ect is complete5 (ee -ompleting the "isc %

6rases pre'ious 'alue

(tores ne) 'alue



,x" le Stru%ture 1

.his structure generates a "$" )ith a first play clip, play all command, )hichremembers last pressed menu buttons, implements menu transitions, and resumesby default to remedy accidental na'igation% .here are fi'e feature titles treated asepisodes, four 'm9enus >main menu, first play / main menu introduction, t)omenu transition elements?, and one 9enu >episode selection?%

DVD > tions7

=irst l"y %o "nds7 g0Q0* g1Q0* g2Q0* 4ump 'mgm menu 2*

v +enu 1 ?+"in +enu? )ro erties7

$ideo ;b4ect Mselect #oop 9enu Mselect .itle)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? X 4ump 'mgm menu 2* Y else X buttonQg0* Y

v +enu 1 &utton ?)l"y All? 4&utton 157

g0Q102A* g2Q1* resume*

v +enu 1 &utton ?, isode Sele%tion? 4&utton 57

4ump 'mgm menu &*

v +enu @+"in +enu $ntrodu%tion (li )ro erties7

Bac ground +mageF Mintroduction]clip $ideo ;b4ect udioF Mintroduction]audio PauseF 0

)ost %o "nds7 g0Q102A* 4ump 'mgm menu 1*

v +enu 3 @+"in +enu to , isode Sele%tion +enu Tr"nsition?7

Bac ground +mageF Mtransition]clip]1 $ideo ;b4ect udioF Mtransition]1]audio PauseF 0

)ost %o "nds7 g1Q102A* 4ump titleset 1 menu*

v +enu B ?, isode Sele%tion +enu to +"in +enu Tr"nsition?7

Bac ground +mageF Mtransition]clip]2

$ideo ;b4ect udioF Mtransition]2]audio PauseF 0)ost %o "nds7 g0Q20AC* 4ump 'mgm menu 1*

+enu 1 ?, isode Sele%tion +enu? )ro erties7 $ideo ;b4ect Mselect #oop 9enu Mselect <oot

)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? X 4ump 'mgm menu 2* Y else X buttonQg1* Y

+enu 1 &utton ?Resu e =e"ture? 4&utton 157g1Q102A* g2Q0* resume*



,x" le Stru%ture 1 )"rt

+enu 1 &utton ?, isode 1? 4&utton 57g1Q102A* g2Q0* 4ump title 1*

+enu 1 &utton ?, isode ? 4&utton 357

g1Q102A* g2Q0* 4ump title 2*

+enu 1 &utton ?, isode 3? 4&utton B57g1Q102A* g2Q0* 4ump title &*

+enu 1 &utton ?, isode B? 4&utton C57g1Q102A* g2Q0* 4ump title A*

+enu 1 &utton ?, isode C? 4&utton 57g1Q102A* g2Q0* 4ump title D*

+enu 1 &utton ?+"in +enu? 4&utton E57 4ump 'mgm menu A*

Title 1 ?, isode 1?7)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? Xcall 'mgm menu 2* Y)ost %o "nds7 if >g2QQ1? X 4ump title 2* Y

else X g1Q&0 2* call menu entry root* Y

Title ?, isode ?7

)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? Xcall 'mgm menu 2* Y)ost %o "nds7 if >g2QQ1? X 4ump title &* Yelse X g1QA0LK* call menu entry root* Y

Title 3 ?, isode 3?7)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? Xcall 'mgm menu 2* Y)ost %o "nds7 if >g2QQ1? X 4ump title A* Y

else X g1QD120* call menu entry root* Y

Title B ?, isode B?7)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? Xcall 'mgm menu 2* Y)ost %o "nds7 if >g2QQ1? X 4ump title D* Y

else X g1QK1AA* call menu entry root* Y

Title C ?, isode C?7)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? Xcall 'mgm menu 2* Y)ost %o "nds7 if >g2QQ1? X g2Q0* call 'mgm menu 1* Y

else X g1Q 1KC* call menu entry root* Y







,x" le Stru%ture )"rt

+enu &utton @(h" ter 3 4&utton 357if >g1[&0QQK? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter &*

+enu &utton @(h" ter B 4&utton B57

if >g1[&0QQC? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter A*

+enu &utton @(h" ter +enu 1-B 4&utton C57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu entry ptt*

+enu &utton @(h" ter +enu C-6 4&utton 57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu &*

+enu &utton @(h" ter +enu H-10 4&utton E57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu A*

+enu &utton @+"in +enu 4&utton 657g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2* g0Q&0 2* 4ump menu entry root*

+enu 3 ?(h" ter +enu )"rt ?7 $ideo ;b4ect udioF Mchapter]audio PauseF Mselect #oop

)re %o "nds7if >g1[1QQ1? buttonQK11A* else X if >g1/2RL? Xif >g1/2 A?buttonQ>g1/2 A?U102A* else 4ump menu entry ptt* Y else 4ump menu A* Y

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter C 4&utton 157if >g1[&0QQ10? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter D*

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter 4&utton 57if >g1[&0QQ12? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter K*

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter E 4&utton 357if >g1[&0QQ1A? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter *

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter 6 4&utton B57if >g1[&0QQ1K? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter C*

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter +enu 1-B 4&utton C57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu entry ptt*

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter +enu C-6 4&utton 57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu &*

+enu 3 &utton @(h" ter +enu H-10 4&utton E57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu A*



,x" le Stru%ture )"rt 3

+enu 3 &utton @+"in +enu 4&utton 657g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2* g0Q&0 2* 4ump menu entry root*

+enu B ?(h" ter +enu )"rt 3?7

$ideo ;b4ect udioF Mchapter]audio PauseF Mselect #oop)re %o "nds7if >g1[1QQ1? buttonQD120* else X if >g1/2 C? buttonQ>g1/2 C?U102A*else X if >g1/2 A? 4ump menu &* else 4ump menu entry ptt* Y Y

+enu B &utton @(h" ter H 4&utton 157if >g1[&0QQ1C? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter L*

+enu B &utton @(h" ter 10 4&utton 57if >g1[&0QQ20? resume* else 4ump title 1 chapter 10*

+enu B &utton @(h" ter +enu 1-B 4&utton 357g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu entry ptt*

+enu B &utton @(h" ter +enu C-6 4&utton B57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu &*

+enu B &utton @(h" ter +enu H-10 4&utton C57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2\1* 4ump menu A*

+enu 3 &utton @+"in +enu 4&utton 57g2Qg1[&0* g1Qg2* g0Q&0 2* 4ump menu entry root*

+enu C @FinGs 7 $ideo ;b4ect udioF Mlin s]audio PauseF Mselect #oop

)re %o "nds7 buttonQ102A*

+enu C &utton @+"in +enu 4&utton 157 g0QA0LK* 4ump menu entry root*

+enu @DVD-R>+ =e"tures 7 $ideo ;b4ect udioF Md'd rom]audio PauseF Mselect #oop

)re %o "nds7 buttonQ102A*

+enu C &utton @+"in +enu 4&utton 157 g0Q20AC* 4ump menu entry root*

+enu E @+"in +enu $ntrodu%tion (li 7Bac ground +mageF Mintroduction]clip

)ost %o "nds7 g0Q102A* g1Q0* 4ump menu entry root*



,x" le Stru%ture )"rt B

Title 1 ?+"in Title?7

)re %o "nds7 if >g0QQ0? call menu entry root*

)ost %o "nds7 g0Q102A* g1Q0* call menu entry root*

(h" ters > tions70F00F00%000 0F00F01%000 -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q2*0F00F01%000 0F0LF2D%2&1 <egular*0F0LF2D%2&1 0F0LF2K%2&1 -hapter* -ommandsF g1QA*0F0LF2K%2&1 0F1LF2D%2&1 <egular*0F1LF2D%2&1 0F1LF2K%2&1 -hapter* -ommandsF g1QK*0F1LF2K%2&1 0F2CF2C%1 2 <egular*0F2CF2C%1 2 0F2CF2L%1 2 -hapter* -ommandsF g1QC*0F2CF2L%1 2 0F&CF1 %&KA <egular*

0F&CF1 %&KA 0F&CF1C%&KA -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q10*0F&CF1C%&KA 0FADFA %C1A <egular*0FADFA %C1A 0FADFAC%C1A -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q12*0FADFAC%C1A 0FDKF0 %K&A <egular*0FDKF0 %K&A 0FDKF0C%K&A -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q1A*0FDKF0C%K&A 1F0KF0L%A&D <egular*1F0KF0L%A&D 1F0KF10%A&D -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q1K*1F0KF10%A&D 1F1KF12%A&L <egular*1F1KF12%A&L 1F1KF1&%A&L -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q1C*1F1KF1&%A&L 1F21F01%&2K <egular*1F21F01%&2K 1F21F02%&2K -hapter* -ommandsF g1Q20*1F21F02%&2K 1F2DF0L%AA2 <egular*

Fist o v"ri"&le v"lues "nd their e"ningsg0

first play test*9ain 9enu button control* Q button number U 102A

g1-hapter 9enu button control*

if bit 1 Q 1, the particular portion of the chapter menu )as forciblydisplayed, therefore, highlight the button for the present menu*

if bit 1 Q 0, the chapter menu )as auto na'igated, therefore bits 2 D shouldbe chec ed to highlight the present chapter*

present chapter in bits 2 D Q g1[&0 / 2* the first calculation finds the 'alueof bits 2 D and the second di'ides the number by 2 to produce the currentchapter*

.han s for reading along5 7appy authoring5 Best <egards,

Jonathan



=urther Resour%es

The ollo ing e&sites "y rove use ul.

"$"(tyler 7elp !orum

"$"(tyler =i i ! E

-reating Ne) Buttons for "$"(tyler

.he d'dauthor man page

.he d'dauthor man page for spumu subpicture [ subtitle renderer and mu er

!or the ambitious subtitling 'ia #inu command line )ith spumu

"$" $ideos on #inu and ni format information

"$" specifications e'erything you )anted to no) about the architecture

.his is useful for cell commands )hen chec ing if a command passed tod'dauthor )ill compile to a single command for a "$" player% +n the sectiontitled $irtual 9achine -oding, see the lin titled -ommand "etails%

nother page )ith "$" specifications

<etail site )anting to sell you unofficial "$" specs* some free info nonetheless

Basic reference for using !!mpeg

+n addition to being an e cellent introduction to and reference for !!mpeg, thisis useful for selecting and configuring command line 'ideo filters for the $ideoProperties )indo)%

=i ipediaHs page on N.(-

=i ipediaHs page on P #

=i ipediaHs page on o'erscan

=i ipediaHs page on interlaced 'ideo

=i ipediaHs page on progressi'e scan 'ideo

=i ipediaHs page on 9P6G 2 encoding, used for "$" $ideo

=i ipediaHs page on Pan and (can display mode

=i ipediaHs page on #etterbo display mode

http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvdstyler/forums/forum/318795

http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/dvdstyler/index.php?title=FAQ

http://mikesgeneralblog.blogspot.com/2006/08/creating-new-buttons-for-dvdstyler_04.html

http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/doc/r1741.html


http://irrepupavel.com/documents/dvd_with_subtitles/

http://womble.decadent.org.uk/talks/dvd-ukuug06/dvd-talk-ukuug06-paper.html

http://www.mpucoder.com/DVD/index.html

http://dvd.wwwdotorg.org/

http://dvd-replica.com/DVD/

http://howto-pages.org/ffmpeg/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overscan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlaced_video

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_and_scan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterbox

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterbox

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_and_scan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlaced_video

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overscan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC

http://howto-pages.org/ffmpeg/

http://dvd-replica.com/DVD/

http://dvd.wwwdotorg.org/

http://www.mpucoder.com/DVD/index.html

http://womble.decadent.org.uk/talks/dvd-ukuug06/dvd-talk-ukuug06-paper.html

http://irrepupavel.com/documents/dvd_with_subtitles/



http://mikesgeneralblog.blogspot.com/2006/08/creating-new-buttons-for-dvdstyler_04.html

http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/dvdstyler/index.php?title=FAQ

http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvdstyler/forums/forum/318795



A%Gno ledge ents

"$"(tyler Program uthorF le .h^ring Rale _thuering%biGuide uthorF Jonathan Blair Rneed more input_users%sourceforge%net

ProofreadersF le .h^ring Rale _thuering%bi

-ontributorsF





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/lis1ers or a t1ors of t1e Doc ment to t1e Doc mentGs o7eralls / ect :or to relate4 matters; an4 contains not1in6 t1at co l4 fall4irectly =it1in t1at o7erall s / ect. :T1 s! if t1e Doc ment is in

art a teBt/oo of mat1ematics! a Secon4ary Section may not eB lainany mat1ematics.; T1e relations1i co l4 /e a matter of 1istoricalconnection =it1 t1e s / ect or =it1 relate4 matters! or of le6al!commercial! 1iloso 1ical! et1ical or olitical osition re6ar4in6t1em.

T1e In7ariant Sections are certain Secon4ary Sections =1ose titlesare 4esi6nate4! as /ein6 t1ose of In7ariant Sections! in t1e noticet1at says t1at t1e Doc ment is release4 n4er t1is %icense. If asection 4oes not fit t1e a/o7e 4efinition of Secon4ary t1en it is notallo=e4 to /e 4esi6nate4 as In7ariant. T1e Doc ment may contain eroIn7ariant Sections. If t1e Doc ment 4oes not i4entify any In7ariantSections t1en t1ere are none.



T1e Co7er TeBts are certain s1ort assa6es of teBt t1at are liste4!as Front(Co7er TeBts or $ac (Co7er TeBts! in t1e notice t1at says t1att1e Doc ment is release4 n4er t1is %icense. A Front(Co7er TeBt may/e at most =or4s! an4 a $ac (Co7er TeBt may /e at most 8 =or4s.

A Trans arent co y of t1e Doc ment means a mac1ine(rea4a/le co y!re resente4 in a format =1ose s ecification is a7aila/le to t1e6eneral /lic! t1at is s ita/le for re7isin6 t1e 4oc mentstrai61tfor=ar4ly =it1 6eneric teBt e4itors or :for ima6es com ose4 of

iBels; 6eneric aint ro6rams or :for 4ra=in6s; some =i4ely a7aila/le4ra=in6 e4itor! an4 t1at is s ita/le for in t to teBt formatters orfor a tomatic translation to a 7ariety of formats s ita/le for in tto teBt formatters. A co y ma4e in an ot1er=ise Trans arent fileformat =1ose mar ! or a/sence of mar ! 1as /een arran6e4 to t1=artor 4isco ra6e s /se ent mo4ification /y rea4ers is not Trans arent.An ima6e format is not Trans arent if se4 for any s /stantial amo ntof teBt. A co y t1at is not Trans arent is calle4 O a e .

EBam les of s ita/le formats for Trans arent co ies incl 4e lainASCII =it1o t mar ! TeBinfo in t format! %aTe" in t format! S+ %or " % sin6 a /licly a7aila/le DTD! an4 stan4ar4(conformin6 sim leHT %! #ostScri t or #DF 4esi6ne4 for 1 man mo4ification. EBam les oftrans arent ima6e formats incl 4e #N+! "CF an4 J#+. O a e formatsincl 4e ro rietary formats t1at can /e rea4 an4 e4ite4 only /y

ro rietary =or4 rocessors! S+ % or " % for =1ic1 t1e DTD an4?or

rocessin6 tools are not 6enerally a7aila/le! an4 t1emac1ine(6enerate4 HT %! #ostScri t or #DF ro4 ce4 /y some =or4rocessors for o t t r oses only.

T1e Title #a6e means! for a rinte4 /oo ! t1e title a6e itself!l s s c1 follo=in6 a6es as are nee4e4 to 1ol4! le6i/ly! t1e material

t1is %icense re ires to a ear in t1e title a6e. For =or s informats =1ic1 4o not 1a7e any title a6e as s c1! Title #a6e meanst1e teBt near t1e most rominent a earance of t1e =or Gs title!

rece4in6 t1e /e6innin6 of t1e /o4y of t1e teBt.

T1e /lis1er means any erson or entity t1at 4istri/ tes co ies oft1e Doc ment to t1e /lic.

A section Entitle4 "YK means a name4 s / nit of t1e Doc ment =1osetitle eit1er is recisely "YK or contains "YK in arent1eses follo=in6teBt t1at translates "YK in anot1er lan6 a6e. :Here "YK stan4s for as ecific section name mentione4 /elo=! s c1 as Ac no=le46ements !

De4ications ! En4orsements ! or History .; To #reser7e t1e Titleof s c1 a section =1en yo mo4ify t1e Doc ment means t1at it remains asection Entitle4 "YK accor4in6 to t1is 4efinition.

T1e Doc ment may incl 4e Warranty Disclaimers neBt to t1e notice =1ic1states t1at t1is %icense a lies to t1e Doc ment. T1ese WarrantyDisclaimers are consi4ere4 to /e incl 4e4 /y reference in t1is%icense! / t only as re6ar4s 4isclaimin6 =arranties3 any ot1erim lication t1at t1ese Warranty Disclaimers may 1a7e is 7oi4 an4 1asno effect on t1e meanin6 of t1is %icense.

8. &ER$ATI CO#YIN+

Yo may co y an4 4istri/ te t1e Doc ment in any me4i m! eit1ercommercially or noncommercially! ro7i4e4 t1at t1is %icense! t1eco yri61t notices! an4 t1e license notice sayin6 t1is %icense a liesto t1e Doc ment are re ro4 ce4 in all co ies! an4 t1at yo a44 noot1er con4itions =1atsoe7er to t1ose of t1is %icense. Yo may not setec1nical meas res to o/str ct or control t1e rea4in6 or f rt1erco yin6 of t1e co ies yo ma e or 4istri/ te. Ho=e7er! yo may acce tcom ensation in eBc1an6e for co ies. If yo 4istri/ te a lar6e eno 61n m/er of co ies yo m st also follo= t1e con4itions in section 2.

Yo may also len4 co ies! n4er t1e same con4itions state4 a/o7e! an4yo may /licly 4is lay co ies.



2. CO#YIN+ IN ,UANTITY

If yo /lis1 rinte4 co ies :or co ies in me4ia t1at commonly 1a7erinte4 co7ers; of t1e Doc ment! n m/erin6 more t1an -00! an4 t1e

Doc mentGs license notice re ires Co7er TeBts! yo m st enclose t1eco ies in co7ers t1at carry! clearly an4 le6i/ly! all t1ese Co7erTeBts3 Front(Co7er TeBts on t1e front co7er! an4 $ac (Co7er TeBts ont1e /ac co7er. $ot1 co7ers m st also clearly an4 le6i/ly i4entifyyo as t1e /lis1er of t1ese co ies. T1e front co7er m st resentt1e f ll title =it1 all =or4s of t1e title e ally rominent an47isi/le. Yo may a44 ot1er material on t1e co7ers in a44ition.Co yin6 =it1 c1an6es limite4 to t1e co7ers! as lon6 as t1ey reser7et1e title of t1e Doc ment an4 satisfy t1ese con4itions! can /e treate4as 7er/atim co yin6 in ot1er res ects.

If t1e re ire4 teBts for eit1er co7er are too 7ol mino s to fitle6i/ly! yo s1o l4 t t1e first ones liste4 :as many as fitreasona/ly; on t1e act al co7er! an4 contin e t1e rest onto a4 acent

a6es.

If yo /lis1 or 4istri/ te O a e co ies of t1e Doc ment n m/erin6more t1an -00! yo m st eit1er incl 4e a mac1ine(rea4a/le Trans arentco y alon6 =it1 eac1 O a e co y! or state in or =it1 eac1 O a e co ya com ter(net=or location from =1ic1 t1e 6eneral net=or ( sin6

/lic 1as access to 4o=nloa4 sin6 /lic(stan4ar4 net=or rotocols

a com lete Trans arent co y of t1e Doc ment! free of a44e4 material.If yo se t1e latter o tion! yo m st ta e reasona/ly r 4ent ste s!=1en yo /e6in 4istri/ tion of O a e co ies in antity! to ens ret1at t1is Trans arent co y =ill remain t1 s accessi/le at t1e state4location ntil at least one year after t1e last time yo 4istri/ te anO a e co y :4irectly or t1ro 61 yo r a6ents or retailers; of t1ate4ition to t1e /lic.

It is re este4! / t not re ire4! t1at yo contact t1e a t1ors of t1eDoc ment =ell /efore re4istri/ tin6 any lar6e n m/er of co ies! to6i7e t1em a c1ance to ro7i4e yo =it1 an 4ate4 7ersion of t1eDoc ment.

L. ODIFICATIONS

Yo may co y an4 4istri/ te a o4ifie4 &ersion of t1e Doc ment n4ert1e con4itions of sections 8 an4 2 a/o7e! ro7i4e4 t1at yo releaset1e o4ifie4 &ersion n4er recisely t1is %icense! =it1 t1e o4ifie4&ersion fillin6 t1e role of t1e Doc ment! t1 s licensin6 4istri/ tionan4 mo4ification of t1e o4ifie4 &ersion to =1oe7er ossesses a co yof it. In a44ition! yo m st 4o t1ese t1in6s in t1e o4ifie4 &ersion3

A. Use in t1e Title #a6e :an4 on t1e co7ers! if any; a title 4istinct from t1at of t1e Doc ment! an4 from t1ose of re7io s 7ersions :=1ic1 s1o l4! if t1ere =ere any! /e liste4 in t1e History section of t1e Doc ment;. Yo may se t1e same title as a re7io s 7ersion if t1e ori6inal /lis1er of t1at 7ersion 6i7es ermission.$. %ist on t1e Title #a6e! as a t1ors! one or more ersons or entities res onsi/le for a t1ors1i of t1e mo4ifications in t1e o4ifie4 &ersion! to6et1er =it1 at least fi7e of t1e rinci al a t1ors of t1e Doc ment :all of its rinci al a t1ors! if it 1as fe=er t1an fi7e;! nless t1ey release yo from t1is re irement.C. State on t1e Title a6e t1e name of t1e /lis1er of t1e o4ifie4 &ersion! as t1e /lis1er.D. #reser7e all t1e co yri61t notices of t1e Doc ment.E. A44 an a ro riate co yri61t notice for yo r mo4ifications a4 acent to t1e ot1er co yri61t notices.F. Incl 4e! imme4iately after t1e co yri61t notices! a license notice 6i7in6 t1e /lic ermission to se t1e o4ifie4 &ersion n4er t1e terms of t1is %icense! in t1e form s1o=n in t1e A44en4 m /elo=.+. #reser7e in t1at license notice t1e f ll lists of In7ariant Sections an4 re ire4 Co7er TeBts 6i7en in t1e Doc mentGs license notice.H. Incl 4e an naltere4 co y of t1is %icense.



I. #reser7e t1e section Entitle4 History ! #reser7e its Title! an4 a44 to it an item statin6 at least t1e title! year! ne= a t1ors! an4 /lis1er of t1e o4ifie4 &ersion as 6i7en on t1e Title #a6e. If t1ere is no section Entitle4 History in t1e Doc ment! create one statin6 t1e title! year! a t1ors! an4 /lis1er of t1e Doc ment as 6i7en on its Title #a6e! t1en a44 an item 4escri/in6 t1e o4ifie4 &ersion as state4 in t1e re7io s sentence.J. #reser7e t1e net=or location! if any! 6i7en in t1e Doc ment for /lic access to a Trans arent co y of t1e Doc ment! an4 li e=ise t1e net=or locations 6i7en in t1e Doc ment for re7io s 7ersions it =as /ase4 on. T1ese may /e lace4 in t1e History section. Yo may omit a net=or location for a =or t1at =as /lis1e4 at least fo r years /efore t1e Doc ment itself! or if t1e ori6inal /lis1er of t1e 7ersion it refers to 6i7es ermission.*. For any section Entitle4 Ac no=le46ements or De4ications ! #reser7e t1e Title of t1e section! an4 reser7e in t1e section all t1e s /stance an4 tone of eac1 of t1e contri/ tor ac no=le46ements an4?or 4e4ications 6i7en t1erein.%. #reser7e all t1e In7ariant Sections of t1e Doc ment! naltere4 in t1eir teBt an4 in t1eir titles. Section n m/ers or t1e e i7alent are not consi4ere4 art of t1e section titles.

. Delete any section Entitle4 En4orsements . S c1 a section may not /e incl 4e4 in t1e o4ifie4 &ersion.N. Do not retitle any eBistin6 section to /e Entitle4 En4orsements or to conflict in title =it1 any In7ariant Section.

O. #reser7e any Warranty Disclaimers.

If t1e o4ifie4 &ersion incl 4es ne= front(matter sections ora en4ices t1at alify as Secon4ary Sections an4 contain no materialco ie4 from t1e Doc ment! yo may at yo r o tion 4esi6nate some or allof t1ese sections as in7ariant. To 4o t1is! a44 t1eir titles to t1elist of In7ariant Sections in t1e o4ifie4 &ersionGs license notice.T1ese titles m st /e 4istinct from any ot1er section titles.

Yo may a44 a section Entitle4 En4orsements ! ro7i4e4 it containsnot1in6 / t en4orsements of yo r o4ifie4 &ersion /y 7ario s

arties((for eBam le! statements of eer re7ie= or t1at t1e teBt 1as/een a ro7e4 /y an or6ani ation as t1e a t1oritati7e 4efinition of astan4ar4.

Yo may a44 a assa6e of to fi7e =or4s as a Front(Co7er TeBt! an4 aassa6e of to 8 =or4s as a $ac (Co7er TeBt! to t1e en4 of t1e list

of Co7er TeBts in t1e o4ifie4 &ersion. Only one assa6e ofFront(Co7er TeBt an4 one of $ac (Co7er TeBt may /e a44e4 /y :ort1ro 61 arran6ements ma4e /y; any one entity. If t1e Doc ment alrea4yincl 4es a co7er teBt for t1e same co7er! re7io sly a44e4 /y yo or/y arran6ement ma4e /y t1e same entity yo are actin6 on /e1alf of!yo may not a44 anot1er / t yo may re lace t1e ol4 one! on eB licit

ermission from t1e re7io s /lis1er t1at a44e4 t1e ol4 one.

T1e a t1or:s; an4 /lis1er:s; of t1e Doc ment 4o not /y t1is %icense6i7e ermission to se t1eir names for /licity for or to assert orim ly en4orsement of any o4ifie4 &ersion.

. CO $ININ+ DOCU ENTS

Yo may com/ine t1e Doc ment =it1 ot1er 4oc ments release4 n4er t1is%icense! n4er t1e terms 4efine4 in section L a/o7e for mo4ifie47ersions! ro7i4e4 t1at yo incl 4e in t1e com/ination all of t1eIn7ariant Sections of all of t1e ori6inal 4oc ments! nmo4ifie4! an4list t1em all as In7ariant Sections of yo r com/ine4 =or in itslicense notice! an4 t1at yo reser7e all t1eir Warranty Disclaimers.



T1e com/ine4 =or nee4 only contain one co y of t1is %icense! an4m lti le i4entical In7ariant Sections may /e re lace4 =it1 a sin6leco y. If t1ere are m lti le In7ariant Sections =it1 t1e same name / t4ifferent contents! ma e t1e title of eac1 s c1 section ni e /ya44in6 at t1e en4 of it! in arent1eses! t1e name of t1e ori6inala t1or or /lis1er of t1at section if no=n! or else a ni e n m/er.

a e t1e same a4 stment to t1e section titles in t1e list ofIn7ariant Sections in t1e license notice of t1e com/ine4 =or .

In t1e com/ination! yo m st com/ine any sections Entitle4 Historyin t1e 7ario s ori6inal 4oc ments! formin6 one section Entitle4

History li e=ise com/ine any sections Entitle4 Ac no=le46ements !an4 any sections Entitle4 De4ications . Yo m st 4elete all sectionsEntitle4 En4orsements .

M. CO%%ECTIONS OF DOCU ENTS

Yo may ma e a collection consistin6 of t1e Doc ment an4 ot1er4oc ments release4 n4er t1is %icense! an4 re lace t1e in4i7i4 alco ies of t1is %icense in t1e 7ario s 4oc ments =it1 a sin6le co yt1at is incl 4e4 in t1e collection! ro7i4e4 t1at yo follo= t1e r lesof t1is %icense for 7er/atim co yin6 of eac1 of t1e 4oc ments in allot1er res ects.

Yo may eBtract a sin6le 4oc ment from s c1 a collection! an44istri/ te it in4i7i4 ally n4er t1is %icense! ro7i4e4 yo insert aco y of t1is %icense into t1e eBtracte4 4oc ment! an4 follo= t1is%icense in all ot1er res ects re6ar4in6 7er/atim co yin6 of t1at4oc ment.

<. A++RE+ATION WITH INDE#ENDENT WOR*S

A com ilation of t1e Doc ment or its 4eri7ati7es =it1 ot1er se aratean4 in4e en4ent 4oc ments or =or s! in or on a 7ol me of a stora6e or4istri/ tion me4i m! is calle4 an a66re6ate if t1e co yri61tres ltin6 from t1e com ilation is not se4 to limit t1e le6al ri61tsof t1e com ilationGs sers /eyon4 =1at t1e in4i7i4 al =or s ermit.W1en t1e Doc ment is incl 4e4 in an a66re6ate! t1is %icense 4oes nota ly to t1e ot1er =or s in t1e a66re6ate =1ic1 are not t1emsel7es4eri7ati7e =or s of t1e Doc ment.

If t1e Co7er TeBt re irement of section 2 is a lica/le to t1eseco ies of t1e Doc ment! t1en if t1e Doc ment is less t1an one 1alf oft1e entire a66re6ate! t1e Doc mentGs Co7er TeBts may /e lace4 onco7ers t1at /rac et t1e Doc ment =it1in t1e a66re6ate! or t1eelectronic e i7alent of co7ers if t1e Doc ment is in electronic form.Ot1er=ise t1ey m st a ear on rinte4 co7ers t1at /rac et t1e =1olea66re6ate.

9. TRANS%ATION

Translation is consi4ere4 a in4 of mo4ification! so yo may4istri/ te translations of t1e Doc ment n4er t1e terms of section L.Re lacin6 In7ariant Sections =it1 translations re ires s ecial

ermission from t1eir co yri61t 1ol4ers! / t yo may incl 4etranslations of some or all In7ariant Sections in a44ition to t1eori6inal 7ersions of t1ese In7ariant Sections. Yo may incl 4e atranslation of t1is %icense! an4 all t1e license notices in t1eDoc ment! an4 any Warranty Disclaimers! ro7i4e4 t1at yo also incl 4et1e ori6inal En6lis1 7ersion of t1is %icense an4 t1e ori6inal 7ersionsof t1ose notices an4 4isclaimers. In case of a 4isa6reement /et=eent1e translation an4 t1e ori6inal 7ersion of t1is %icense or a noticeor 4isclaimer! t1e ori6inal 7ersion =ill re7ail.



If a section in t1e Doc ment is Entitle4 Ac no=le46ements !De4ications ! or History ! t1e re irement :section L; to #reser7e

its Title :section -; =ill ty ically re ire c1an6in6 t1e act altitle.

. TER INATION

Yo may not co y! mo4ify! s /license! or 4istri/ te t1e Doc menteBce t as eB ressly ro7i4e4 n4er t1is %icense. Any attem tot1er=ise to co y! mo4ify! s /license! or 4istri/ te it is 7oi4! an4=ill a tomatically terminate yo r ri61ts n4er t1is %icense.

Ho=e7er! if yo cease all 7iolation of t1is %icense! t1en yo r licensefrom a artic lar co yri61t 1ol4er is reinstate4 :a; ro7isionally!

nless an4 ntil t1e co yri61t 1ol4er eB licitly an4 finallyterminates yo r license! an4 :/; ermanently! if t1e co yri61t 1ol4erfails to notify yo of t1e 7iolation /y some reasona/le means rior toM0 4ays after t1e cessation.

oreo7er! yo r license from a artic lar co yri61t 1ol4er isreinstate4 ermanently if t1e co yri61t 1ol4er notifies yo of t1e7iolation /y some reasona/le means! t1is is t1e first time yo 1a7erecei7e4 notice of 7iolation of t1is %icense :for any =or ; from t1atco yri61t 1ol4er! an4 yo c re t1e 7iolation rior to 20 4ays after

yo r recei t of t1e notice.

Termination of yo r ri61ts n4er t1is section 4oes not terminate t1elicenses of arties =1o 1a7e recei7e4 co ies or ri61ts from yo n4ert1is %icense. If yo r ri61ts 1a7e /een terminate4 an4 not ermanentlyreinstate4! recei t of a co y of some or all of t1e same material 4oesnot 6i7e yo any ri61ts to se it.

-0. FUTURE RE&ISIONS OF THIS %ICENSE

T1e Free Soft=are Fo n4ation may /lis1 ne=! re7ise4 7ersions of t1e+NU Free Doc mentation %icense from time to time. S c1 ne= 7ersions=ill /e similar in s irit to t1e resent 7ersion! / t may 4iffer in4etail to a44ress ne= ro/lems or concerns. See1tt 3??===.6n .or6?co yleft?.

Eac1 7ersion of t1e %icense is 6i7en a 4istin6 is1in6 7ersion n m/er.If t1e Doc ment s ecifies t1at a artic lar n m/ere4 7ersion of t1is%icense or any later 7ersion a lies to it! yo 1a7e t1e o tion offollo=in6 t1e terms an4 con4itions eit1er of t1at s ecifie4 7ersion orof any later 7ersion t1at 1as /een /lis1e4 :not as a 4raft; /y t1eFree Soft=are Fo n4ation. If t1e Doc ment 4oes not s ecify a 7ersionn m/er of t1is %icense! yo may c1oose any 7ersion e7er /lis1e4 :notas a 4raft; /y t1e Free Soft=are Fo n4ation. If t1e Doc ments ecifies t1at a roBy can 4eci4e =1ic1 f t re 7ersions of t1is%icense can /e se4! t1at roByGs /lic statement of acce tance of a7ersion ermanently a t1ori es yo to c1oose t1at 7ersion for t1eDoc ment.

--. RE%ICENSIN+

assi7e ltia t1or Colla/oration Site :or C Site ; means anyWorl4 Wi4e We/ ser7er t1at /lis1es co yri61ta/le =or s an4 also

ro7i4es rominent facilities for any/o4y to e4it t1ose =or s. A/lic =i i t1at any/o4y can e4it is an eBam le of s c1 a ser7er. Aassi7e ltia t1or Colla/oration :or C ; containe4 in t1e site

means any set of co yri61ta/le =or s t1 s /lis1e4 on t1e C site.

CC($Y(SA means t1e Creati7e Commons Attri/ tion(S1are Ali e 2.0license /lis1e4 /y Creati7e Commons Cor oration! a not(for( rofitcor oration =it1 a rinci al lace of / siness in San Francisco!California! as =ell as f t re co yleft 7ersions of t1at license

/lis1e4 /y t1at same or6ani ation.



Incor orate means to /lis1 or re /lis1 a Doc ment! in =1ole or inart! as art of anot1er Doc ment.

An C is eli6i/le for relicensin6 if it is license4 n4er t1is%icense! an4 if all =or s t1at =ere first /lis1e4 n4er t1is %icensesome=1ere ot1er t1an t1is C! an4 s /se ently incor orate4 in =1ole orin art into t1e C! :-; 1a4 no co7er teBts or in7ariant sections! an4:8; =ere t1 s incor orate4 rior to No7em/er -! 8009.

T1e o erator of an C Site may re /lis1 an C containe4 in t1e siten4er CC($Y(SA on t1e same site at any time /efore A 6 st -! 800 !ro7i4e4 t1e C is eli6i/le for relicensin6.

ADDENDU 3 Ho= to se t1is %icense for yo r 4oc ments

To se t1is %icense in a 4oc ment yo 1a7e =ritten! incl 4e a co y oft1e %icense in t1e 4oc ment an4 t t1e follo=in6 co yri61t an4license notices st after t1e title a6e3

Co yri61t :c; YEAR YOUR NA E. #ermission is 6rante4 to co y! 4istri/ te an4?or mo4ify t1is 4oc ment n4er t1e terms of t1e +NU Free Doc mentation %icense! &ersion -.2 or any later 7ersion /lis1e4 /y t1e Free Soft=are Fo n4ation =it1 no In7ariant Sections! no Front(Co7er TeBts! an4 no $ac (Co7er TeBts.

A co y of t1e license is incl 4e4 in t1e section entitle4 +NU Free Doc mentation %icense .

If yo 1a7e In7ariant Sections! Front(Co7er TeBts an4 $ac (Co7er TeBts!re lace t1e =it1...TeBts. line =it1 t1is3

=it1 t1e In7ariant Sections /ein6 %IST THEIR TIT%ES! =it1 t1e Front(Co7er TeBts /ein6 %IST! an4 =it1 t1e $ac (Co7er TeBts /ein6 %IST.

If yo 1a7e In7ariant Sections =it1o t Co7er TeBts! or some ot1ercom/ination of t1e t1ree! mer6e t1ose t=o alternati7es to s it t1esit ation.

If yo r 4oc ment contains nontri7ial eBam les of ro6ram co4e! =erecommen4 releasin6 t1ese eBam les in arallel n4er yo r c1oice offree soft=are license! s c1 as t1e +NU +eneral # /lic %icense!to ermit t1eir se in free soft=are.

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Dvd Styler Guide