DUCOM TRIBOMETERS LUBRICANT TESTING APPLICA PETROLERO/DUCOM...DUCOM TRIBOMETERS – LUBRICANT TESTING APPLICATIONS ... TRIBOMETER SET UP FOR LUBRICANT ADDITIVE TESTING ... of

DUCOM TRIBOMETERS LUBRICANT TESTING APPLICATIONS

This document focuses on instruments especially suited for Lubricant Testing applications. For detailed information about specific instruments, please contact Ducom:

info@ducom.com

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

mailto:info@ducom.com

Ducom Instruments (Since 1978)

35 YEARS IN TRIBOLOGY

Largest range of tribometers in the world:

- almost all tribo-testing requirements

- over 100 standard tribometers

- over 1200 labs worldwide

Tribometers manufactured in AS9100 certified space grade manufacturing

facility - (parts have landed on the moon)

DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIPS: Uni of Groningen (Netherlands)

Rush University (USA)

BITS Pilani (India)

National Metallurgic Lab (India)

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

Our Locations and Representations

OUR LOCATIONS

Chicago (USA) Ducom European B.V. Groningen, The Netherlands

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

Ducom Instruments (USA) Evanston, IL

Ducom Instruments (India) Bangalore, KA

Lubricant Testers Bearing Testers Mechanical Tester Tribometers

Our relationship with tribology

Ducom Expertise in Tribological Testing and Test Methods

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

Range of products by Ducom Instruments

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

TRIBOMETERS LUBRICANT TESTERS

- Abrasion Tester - Four Ball Tester

- Gas (Air) Jet Erosion Tester - High Temperature Grease Tester

- Slurry Jet Erosion Tester - Low Temperature Torque Tester

- Linear Recip. Tribometer - Pin on Vee Block Tester

- Micro Pin on Disk - Reichert Tester

- Macro Pin on Disk - Timken OK Load Tester

- Roller on Roller Tribometer - Tapping Torque Tester - TriboChemist

- Shear Stability Tester - Slurry Erosion Tester

MECHANICAL TESTERS BEARING TESTERS

- Automated Indentation Tester - Journal Bearing Tester

- Scratch Tester - Journal Bearing Tester (Advanced)

- Roller Element Bearing Tester

These tribometers are especially relevant to the Lubricating Oils, Greases and Additive Studies

TEST INSTRUMENTS OF SPECIFIC INTEREST TO LUBRICATING OILS, GREASES AND ADDITIVES

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

LINEAR RECIPROCATING TRIBOMETER

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Ducom Linear Reciprocating Tribometer

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

DUCOM LINEAR RECIPROCATING TRIBOMETER SET UP FOR LUBRICANT ADDITIVE TESTING

Materials and lubricants are often subjected to repeated back and forth (reciprocating) movement, in many real applications, from automotive to biotribological environments. High variety of sample geometries available in order to study: Point contact / Line contact / Area contact

(friction data recorded in both forward stroke and reverse. Up to four results can be viewed in the same graph for comparison)

for Additives and Lubricants

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

Ducom Linear Reciprocating Tribometer

SOME OPTIONS

OPTION FOR HUMIDITY CONTROL

OPTION FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL

LUBRICATION CUP

ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER (10 95% RH)

LOW TEMPERATURE STAGE (-25 Deg C)

HIGH TEMPERATURE STAGE (+400 Deg C)

ELECTRICAL CONTACT RESISTANCE (ECR) measurement

CCD BASED IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM for sample imaging and reporting

3D OPTICAL PROFILOMETER

Long Stroke

Low Frequency

Medium Stroke

Medium Frequency

Short Stroke

High Frequency

Load

Fretting

Sliding

Frictional Force vs. Stroke Length Linear Reciprocating Tribometer

Measured Frictional Force vs. Measured Stroke, given the energy loss per cycle

Frictional Force vs. Cycles vs. Stroke Linear Reciprocating Tribometer

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

Energy Loss (Frictional Force vs. Stroke) over the Number of Reciprocating Cycles

(excellent representation of the energy lost over the duration of the test)

ROLLER ON ROLLER TRIBOMETER

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Roller on Roller Tribometer

Friction and wear evaluation of materials and lubricants in sliding/rolling configurations

13 Copyright Ducom Instruments (2009)

Excellent tool for lube and dry tribology studies! Roll / Slide full servo control

Variety of adapters

for Materials, Lubricants and Additives

TEST VARIABLES

LOAD

SPEED

TEMPERATURE

SPEED-ROLL COMBINATION

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Useful for Materials, Lubricants and Additives!

Choice of Manual / Automated loading systems

SERVO CONTROLLED ROLLER #2. User defined speed and direction of rotation for controlled slip and roll. Choice of holders for variety of contacts types.

Lubricant Sump

Lubricant Heater

SERVO CONTROLLED ROLLER #1. User defined speed and direction of rotation for controlled slip and roll. Choice of holders for variety of contacts types.

Roller on Roller Tribometer for Materials, Lubricants and

Additives

Roller on Roller Tribometer

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for Materials, Lubricants and Additives

(load & vibration VS time)

MAIN EQUIPMENT

LUBRICATION FEEDER SYSTEM for lubricated wear and friction studies

GREASE FEEDER SYSTEM for grease lubricated wear and friction studies

HIGH TEMPERATURE MODULE (up to 120 C, for heating lube reservoir)

CCD BASED IMAGE AQCUISITION SYSTEM for sample imaging

3D OPTICAL PROFILOMETER for post test analysis

(wear & vibration VS time)

PARAMETERS UNIT MIN MAX

SPEED RPM 1 2000

TEST LOAD N 0 1000

LUBRICANT TEMPERATURE

Deg C Ambient 120

WEAR MEASUREMENT

m 0 2000

WEAR RESOLUTION

m

1

TRIBOCHEMIST

DUCOM THE TRIBOLOGY COMPANY

TRIBOCHEMIST

In situ analytical technique

Tribological films can be measured as they are formed under steady-state conditions

in situ ATR analysis allows users to correlate tribological conditions such as normal load and velocity directly to with changes in the chemistry of the lubricant/metal surface interface.

Applications:

1. Lubricant additives development

2. Fundamental lubricant film studies

NEW

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for Additives and Lubricants

Specifications Parameter Unit Min Max

Test load N 10 50

Stroke length mm 10 20

Frequency Hz 5 10

Test cylinder (diameter X length) mm 10 X 50

TriboChemist - as an in situ analytical technique has the advantage that the ATR spectra of growing thermal/or tribological films can be measured as they are formed under steady-state conditions, through a thin metallic film representing one of the rubbing surfaces.

The in situ ATR analysis allows users to correlate tribological conditions such as normal load and velocity directly to with changes in the chemistry of the lubricant/metal surface interface.

In the case of lubricant additives development the TriboChemist Tribometer by Ducom allows the kinetics of formation of tribofilms and the relative roles of tribochemical and thermochemical processes to be investigated.

*Specifications subject to change without prior notice. Detailed specifications can be provided on request.

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Tribochemistry of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZnDTP)

In-Situ tribochemical research at ETH, Zurich focuses on the application of in situ ATR FT-IR Tribometry to the study of tribofilms formed from solutions of organophosphate additives (ZnDTP) in poly-a-olefin (PAO) lubricant on an iron-coated germanium ATR crystal.

Changes in the ATR FT-IR spectrum of the near-surface region due to thermal and/or tribo-chemical reactions occurring between the lubricant additive and the iron surface have been investigated as a function of time. The ATR results on the surface reaction of ZnDTP under purely thermal conditions indicate the formation of P-O-P bonds, characteristic of polyphosphates (Figure 2). The modification of the ZnDTP molecule with the formation of (POO)- species, detected after friction at 150C (Figure 3), could be an intermediate stage in the formation of inorganic phosphate.

Example result 1 Example result 2

ATR FT-IR spectra of 20wt% solution of ZnDTP in PAO, acquired during sliding at 150C.

Refernces:

1. F.Piras, A. Rossi, N. D. Spencer, In-situ attenuated total reflection (ATR), spectroscopic analysis of tribological phenomena, Trib. Ser.40, "Boundary and Mixed Lubrication: Science and Application", 199-206, 2002

2. F. Piras, A. Rossi, N.D. Spencer, The growth of tribological films: in situ characterization based on Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy, Langmuir, 18, 6606-6613, 2002

3. F. M. Piras, A. Rossi, N. D. Spencer, Combined in-situ (FT-IR) and ex-situ (XPS) study of ZnDTP - iron surface interaction, Tribology Letters, 15 (3), 181 - 191, 2003.

ATR FT-IR spectra of 20wt% solution of ZnDTP in PAO, collected during heating at 150C.

http://www.surface.mat.ethz.ch/research/tribology/tribochemistry/former_projects/in_situ_atr_ft_ir_tribometry/picture3/hires_imagehttp://www.surface.mat.ethz.ch/research/tribology/trib