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BIOLOGY

REPORTFILE

By Sourabh Meena

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DrugAddiction

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INDEX

1. Certificate2. Acknowle!e"ent

#. Intro$ction

%. Dr$!&

'. Cla&&ification of r$!&

). *o"e +ar"f$l r$!&

,. -ow Dr$! Aiction Be!in&

/. *ocial Di&ea&e

0. -ar"f$l effect& of r$!

1. Toacco

11. Effect of Nicotine

12. Co"3onent& of Toacco &"oke

1#. Alco+ol

1%. I"3act of rinkin! Alco+ol

1'. Ca&e &t$4

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that BIOLOGY project titled DRUG

ADDICTION has ee! s"ccessf"lly co#pleted y $OURAB%

&''NA of Class (II)A i! partial f"lfill#e!t of C'NTRAL

BOARD O* $'CONDORY 'DUCATION +CB$', leadi!- to the

a.ard of a!!"al e/a#i!atio! of the year 0123)01245

INTERNAL EXAMINAR TEACHER IN-CHARGE

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AC5NO6LEDGE7ENT

It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards

our iology Tea!"er Mrs# $a%is"&a $umar 'or "er

guida%!e( support a%d e%!ourageme%t t"roug"out t"e

duratio% o' t"e pro)e!t# I would li&e to t"a%& Mr#

Rama&a%t 'or "is devotio% towards t"is pro)e!t# *it"out

t"eir motivatio% a%d "elp t"e su!!ess'ul !ompletio% o'

t"is pro)e!t would %ot "ave +ee% possi+le#

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Intro$ction

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,rug a+use( also !alled su+sta%!e a+use or !"emi!al a+use( is a

disorder t"at is !"ara!teried +y a destru!tive patter% o' usi%g a

su+sta%!e t"at leads to sig%i'i!a%t pro+lems or distress# Tee%s

are i%!reasi%gly e%gagi%g i% pres!riptio% drug a+use(parti!ularly %ar!oti!s .w"i!" are pres!ri+ed to relieve severe

pai%/( a%d stimula%t medi!atio%s( w"i!" treat !o%ditio%s li&e

atte%tio% de'i!it disorder a%d

%ar!olepsy#

Drugs

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Cla&&ification of Dr$!&

T"ere are a large %um+er o' drugs o% w"i!" people +e!ome

depe%de%t# T"ese are !lassi'ies i%to 'our ma)or groups1 sedatives

a%d tra%2uilliers( opiate %ar!oti!s( stimulatio%s a%d

"allu!i%oge%s#

Type of Drug Effect Examples

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3# 4edatives a%d

Tra%2uilliers

,ep

ress CN4 a!tivity give 'eeli%g

o' Calm%ess( relaxatio%(

drowsi%ess#

ar+it

ates( e%odiaepi%es#

5# 6piate Nar!oti!s

4uppress +rai% a!tivity a%d

relaxed pai%

6p

m(

Morp"i%e(

Codei%e(

Heroi%#

7# 4timula%ts

Ma&

e a perso% more wa&e'ul( alerta%d a!tive( !ause ex!iteme%t#

Amp

tami%es( Ca''ei%Co!ai%e#

8# Hallu!i%oge%s

Ma

&e a perso% more wa&e'ul(

per!eptio%s#

L4

( Mes!ali%

psilo!y+i%(

Ga%)a(

!"ares(Has"is"#

*O7E -AR7F8L DR8G*

1. Heroin:

Commo%ly used as sma!& Heroi% is !"emi!ally

dia!etylmorp"i%e w"i!" is a w"ite( odorless( +itter !rystalli%e!ompou%d# T"is is o+tai%ed +y a!etylatio% o' morp"i%e w"i!" is

extra!ted 'rom latex o' poppy pla%t 6apa7er so#!ifer"#5

Ge%erally ta&e% +y s%orti%g a%d i%)e!tio%( "eroi% is a depressa%t

a%d slows dow% +ody 'u%!tio%#

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2. Cannabinoids:

Natural !a%%a+i%oids are o+tai%ed 'rom t"e i%'lores!e%!es o' t"e

pla%t Ca!!ais sati7a5 T"e 'lower tops( leaves a%d t"e resi% o'

t"e pla%t are used i% various !om+i%atio%s to produ!e mari)ua%a("as"is"( !"aras a%d ga%)a# Ge%erally ta&e% +y i%"alatio% a%d

oral i%gestio%( t"ese are &%ow% 'or t"eir e''e!ts o%

!ardiovas!ular system o' t"e +ody#

3. Cocaine:

It is o+tai%ed 'rom !o!a pla%t 'rythro/yl"# coca8 %ative to

4out" Ameri!a# It i%ter'eres wit" t"e tra%sport o' t"e %euro-

tra%smitter dopami%e# Co!ai%e( !ommo%ly !alled cokeor crackis usually s%orted# It "as t"e pote%t stimulati%g a!tio% o% !e%tral

%ervous system( produ!i%g se%se o' eup"oria a%d i%!reased

e%ergy# Ex!essive dosage o' !o!ai%e !auses "allu!i%atio%s#

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-ow r$! aiction Be!in

T"ere are ma%y 'a!tors t"at lead people to drug addi!tio%#

1. Curiosity: :re2ue%t re'ere%!es to drugs +y pu+li! media !reate

!uriosity 'or "avi%g a perso%al experie%!e o' t"e drugs#

2. riend!s pressure::re2ue%t appre!iatio% o' drug experie%!e +y

'rie%ds allures ot"ers to start t"e use o' drugs#

3. rustration and Depression:4ome people start ta&i%g drugs to

get relie' 'rom 'rustratio% a%d depressio%#

". Desire for #ore $ork:4tude%ts sometimes ta&e drugs to &eep

awa&e t"e w"ole %ig"t to prepare 'or exami%atio%# It is %ot

desira+le as it may !ause me%tal +rea&dow%#

%. &ooking for a Different $orld:A wro%g %otio% t"at t"e drugs

ope% up a %ew world tempts some you%g pupils to start ta&i%g-

drugs#

'. (elief from )ain:A prolo%ged use o' pai%-relievi%g drugs wit"

p"ysi!ia%;s advi!e at times leads to addi!tio%#

*. amily History:C"ildre% may ta&e to drugs +y seei%g t"eir

elders i% t"e 'amily#

+. Excitement and ,d-enture: T"e you%g ta&e to drugs to satis'y

t"eir i%sti%!t 'or ex!iteme%t a%d adve%ture#

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Social Disease-

*"okin!9 Drinkin! an 8&e of Dr$!&

4mo&i%g a%d dri%&i%g a%d use o' drugs 're2ue%tly or regularly

are so!ial diseases#

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*-ORT:TER7 EFFECT*

Lo o! a""etite

Increaed heart rate# b$ood "reure# bodyte%"erature

&ontracted b$ood 'ee$

Increaed rate o! breathing

Di$ated "u"i$

Diturbed $ee" "attern

(auea

)y"erti%u$ation

Bi*arre# erratic# o%eti%e 'io$ent beha'ior

)a$$ucination# hy"ere+citabi$ity# irritabi$ity

Tacti$e ha$$ucination that create the i$$uion o!bug burro,ing under the -in

Intene eu"horia

An+iety and "aranoia

De"reion

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Intene drug cra'ing

Panic and "ychoi

&on'u$ion# ei*ure and udden death !ro%high doe .e'en one ti%e/

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LONG:TER7 EFFECT*

Per%anent da%age to b$ood 'ee$ o! ear andbrain# high b$ood "reure# $eading to heartattac-# tro-e and death

Li'er# -idney and $ung da%age

Re"iratory !ai$ure

In!ectiou dieae and abcee i! in0ected

Ma$nutrition# ,eight $o

Auditory and tacti$e ha$$ucination

Se+ua$ "rob$e%# re"roducti'e da%age and

in!erti$ity .!or both %en and ,o%en/

Diorientation# a"athy# con!ued e+haution

Irritabi$ity and %ood diturbance

Increaed !re1uency o! ri-y beha'ior

De$iriu% or "ychoi

Se'ere de"reion

To$erance and addiction .e'en a!ter 0ut oneue/

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-ar" ca$&e 4 Dr$!&;

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TOBACCO

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ToaccoToacco

ources:

It is a %ative o' 4out" A'ri!a( w"ere t"e Red I%dia% 'irst started

smo&i%g# Now t"e to+a!!o pla%t "as spread t"e world over# It

"as large( 2uote to La%!elot leaves a%d termi%al !lusters o'

tu+ular( w"ite or pi%& 'lowers#

#odes of /se:

Toacco is "sed for s#o9i!-8 che.i!- a!d s!"ffi!-5 Its #ai!

sti#"lati!- co#po!e!t is poiso!o"s 7olatile al9aid !icoti!e8

.hich ca"ses addictio!5Ni!oti%e sy%t"esis o!!urs i% t"e roots o'

t"e pla%t +ut it is stored i% t"e leaves# T"e leaves !o%tai% 5 to

=> %i!oti%e# I%"ali%g to+a!!o smo&e 'rom !igars( !igarettes(

+iddies( pipes a%d "u++le-+u++le is !alled smo&i%g# Cigar is a

roll o' to+a!!o lea'# Cigarette is !ut to+a!!o wrapped i% paper#

idi is to+a!!o wrapped# I% a pie!e o' lea'# To+a!!o smo&e isdraw% dire!tly 'rom pipe a%d t"roug" water is "u++le-+u++le#

4mo&i%g may give some temporary relie' to t"e strai%ed %erves

+ut i% t"e lo%g ru% it proves a da%gerous "ealt" "aard# T"e

2ua%tity o' %i!oti%e !o%tai%ed i% o%e !igar may prove 'atal i'

i%)e!ted i%trave%ously i%to a perso%# *"e% smo&ed o%ly 3?> o'

t"e smo&e is i%"aled# He%!e( %o immediate ill e''e!t is o+served#

4mo&ers may develop a p"ysiologi!al !ravi%g 'or %i!oti%e a%dt"e% t"ey !a%%ot give up smo&i%g#

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Effect of Nicotine;

Ni!oti%e is a low !o%!e%tratio%#

.i/ 4timulates !o%du!tio% o' %erve impulses#

.ii/ Relaxes t"e mus!les#

.iii/ Releases adre%ali%e( i%!reasi%g "eart +eat rate a%d pressure#

.iv/ I%!reased +lood pressure due to smo&i%g !"a%!es t"e ris& o'

"eart diseases#

.v/ Retards 'etal growt" i% expe!ti%g mot"ers a%d

.vi/ Causes to+a!!o addi!tio%# Hig" !o%!e%tratio% o' %i!oti%e

paralyses %erve !ells#

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Harmful components of Tobacco moke:

esides t"e poiso%ous %i!oti%e( t"e to+a!!o smo&e !o%tai%s

!ar+o%-mo%oxide( poly!y!li! aromati! "ydro!ar+o%s a%d tar#

0ter Effects:

i moking affects economy:

A smo&er %ot o%ly waste mo%ey( +ut also ru%s ris& o' +ur%s a%d'ires#

ii moking mars personality:

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Teet" may +e!ome stai%ed# Lips may get dis!olored a%d +reat"

+e!omes 'oul# A perso% wit" a !igarette "a%gi%g 'rom t"e mout"

loo& odd#

iii moking is annoying to oters:

Cigarette smo&e is 2uite a%%oyi%g to %o%-smo&ers# It may prove

eve% more "arm'ul to t"em# A smo&er s"ould avoid smo&i%g#

*"e% i% t"e !ompa%y o' %o% smo&ers# A smo&er ma&es t"e

%ear+y people passive smo&ers t"roug" i%"ali%g smo&e released

+y "im#

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Toacco $&e in INDIA;

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ALCOHOLISM

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Alco+olAlco+ol

A% alcoolic be-erage is a dri%& !o%tai%i%g et"a%ol(!ommo%ly &%ow% as alcool( alt"oug" i% !"emistry

t"e de'i%itio% o' al!o"ol i%!ludes ma%y ot"er !ompou%ds#

Et"a%ol is a !e%trally-a!ti%g drug wit" a depressa%t e''e!t#

eer is a% al!o"oli! +everage a%d t"us "as t"e

same "arm'ul e''e!ts as ot"er &i%ds o' al!o"ol(

depe%di%g o% t"e 2ua%tity !o%sumed#

(easons for drinking:

@ )sycological 'a!tors are !uriosity( poor stress

!o%trol( es!ape 'rom reality( poor impulse !o%trol( low sel'

esteem( positive attitudes towards al!o"ol( to get rid o'

pro+lems( to over!ome lo%eli%ess( relie' 'rom te%sio% a%d to

gai% !ourage#

@ ocial 'a!tors are peer pressure( modeli%g( easy availa+ility o'

al!o"ol i% t"e mar&et( party !ulture( 'amily e%viro%me%t

.Bare%ts dri%&i%g al!o"ol/( la!& o' 'amily support( to &eep up

so!ial %orms a%d to s"ow t"eir mas!uli%ity#

@ 4iological 'a!tors are ge%eti! vul%era+ility li&e 'amily "istory

o' al!o"olism i% pare%ts or %ear relatives a%d to get sleep#

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5mpact of drinking alcool:

D%li&e ot"er 'oods( al!o"ol does %ot re2uire digestio%# *"e%

o%e dri%&s( al!o"ol is a+sor+ed dire!tly i%to t"e +loodstreamt"roug" t"e walls o' t"e stoma!" a%d t"e i%testi%e#

6%!e al!o"ol e%ters t"e +loodstream it !ir!ulates t"roug"out t"e

+ody# Al!o"ol is meta+olied i% t"e liver a%d is !"a%ged to

!ar+o% dioxide( water a%d some !alories o' e%ergy w"i!" gets

!o%verted i%to fat# A small amou%t o' al!o"ol goes out o' t"e

+ody t"roug" +reat"( uri%e a%d sweat# Regular( ex!essive use o'

al!o"ol !auses a!ute a%d !"ro%i! pro+lems related to "ealt"(

o!!upatio%( 'amily a%d so!ial relatio%s"ips#

Healt )roblems:

Al!o"ol !a% damage every system o' our +ody#

6astro intestinal system .stoma!" a%d i%testi%es/1 I%!reased

a!id se!retio% leadi%g to a!idity( ul!ers( gastritis( a%d !a%!er

&i-er: Hepatitis( )au%di!e a%d vomiti%g o' +lood due to

!irr"osis o' liver( liver !a%!er( a!ute liver 'ailure#

)ancreas: Ba%!reati! damage due to i%'lammatio% o' pa%!reas

a%d a!ute pa%!reatitis leadi%g to sudde% deat"#

Central ner-ous system: .+rai% a%d spi%al !ord/1 Berma%e%t

damage o' +rai% resulti%g i% memory distur+a%!es( ot"er%ervous pro+lems( 'its a%d me%tal ill%esses#

Cardio -ascular system: Hig" +lood pressure( i%!reased

te%de%!y to "eart atta!&s( e%largeme%t o' t"e "eart#

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Hango-ers: Ex!essive dri%&i%g !a% lead to "a%govers( t"us

!ausi%g pro+lems li&e "eada!"e( %ausea( vomit a%d +ody a!"es#

$eigt gain: al!o"ol !o%sumptio% i% larger 2ua%tities !a% lead

to weig"t gai%( +e!ause al!o"oli! +everages are usually "ig" i%

!alories#

$eak immune system: al!o"ol !o%sumptio% ma&es your

immu%e system wea&( t"us ma&i%g your +ody more sus!epti+le

to i%'e!tio%s#

Cancer: al!o"ol w"e% !o%sumed i% ex!essive 2ua%tities puts

you at a "ig"er ris& o' developi%g !a%!er

etal alcool syndrome1 ,ri%&i%g al!o"ol i% preg%a%!y may

!ause t"e :etal Al!o"ol 4y%drome .p"ysi!al a+%ormalities(

growt" retardatio% a%d developme%tal delay/#

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ources:Et"yl al!o"ol( or et"a%ol( 'lamma+le( !olorless li2uid "avi%g a

pe%etrati%g odor a%d +ur%i%g taste# It is o%e o' t"e produ!ts o't"e distillatio% o' 'erme%ted grai%s( 'ruit )ui!es a%d star!"es wit"

t"e "elp o' yeast e%ymes# It is t"e pri%!ipal !o%stitue%t a%d t"e

i% toxi!ati%g pri%!iple o' wi%es#

#odes of /se:

Al!o"ol is ta&e% i% low !o%!e%tratio%( as t"e +eer( toddy a%d

wi%e a%d i% relatively "ig" !o%!e%tratio% as arra!&( +ra%dy(w"is&y( rum( gi%( vod&a et!#

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(e, &$i""ing about Drug Abue2(e, &$i""ing about Drug Abue2

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Addi!tio% to t"e yout"1

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Ideal village pe%alies drugs1

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