Drilling Machine ppt

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    DRILLING MACHINE

    LECTURE PREPARED BY

    Prof.r.c.panda

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    Drilling Machines

    Probably first mechanical device developed

    Principle of rotating tool to make hole

    One of most common and useful machines

    in industry

    Come in several types and sizes

    From hand-fed to computer-controlled

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    Bench Drilling Machine

    Bench Drilling Machine:- The simplesttype of sensitive drilling machine is

    shown in figure. This is used for light duty

    drilling work. This machine is capable to

    drill hole up to 12.5mm diameter.

    DRILLING MACHINE

    Use:- Drilling machine is used to drill blind and through

    holes in work pieces.

    Motor

    1. Motor:- An electric motor supplies the

    required driving force to stepped pulley.

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    2. Column:- Column is the main

    cylindrical part of drill machine on which

    the other components are mounted.

    Feed

    Handle

    3. Feed handle:- Handle is provided to

    feed the drill in to the work piece. A rakeand pinion mechanism is provided to drive

    the chuck.

    Column

    4. Base:- Base is the bottom part of

    machine in which the column is fitted

    upright.Base

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    Work

    Table

    5. Work Table:- Work pieces are

    mounted and held in position by thetable. This table can be tilted for

    drilling at an angle.

    Chuck 6. Chuck:- Chuck is provided to hold

    the drill of different sizes up to 6.5

    mm. Drill size of more than 6.5 mm

    are to be fitted directly in the Morse

    taper of spindle.

    Belt

    Guard

    7. Belt guard:- Belt guard is provided

    to cover the belt and pulley drive

    mechanism to minimize the hazard of

    accident.

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    Pillar Drilling Machine:- This is an enlarged version of the

    bench drilling machine. These drilling machines are mounted

    on the floor and driven by more powerful electric motors.

    They are used for heavy duty work.

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    Hand drilling machine

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    Sensitive drilling machine

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    Sensitive type

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    Upright pillar drilling machine

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    Radial drilling machine

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    Drill spindle assembly

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    Upright drilling machine parts

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    Drilling machine mechanism

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    Work holding device of drilling

    machine

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    T-bolt,goose neck clamp,u -clamp

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    Finger clamp,adjustable step

    clamp,plain vice

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    Universal vice,step block,v-block

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    Angle plate & drill jig

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    Tool holding device

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    Drill Chucks

    Most common devices used for holdingstraight-shank cutting tools

    Most contain three jaws that movesimultaneously when outer sleeve turned

    Hold straight shank of cutting tool securely

    Two common types Key

    Keyless

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    Chucks

    Hold straight-shank drills

    Mounted on drill press spindle

    Taper

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Threads

    Held in spindle by self-holding

    taper in larger machines

    Four types of drill chucks

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    Types of Drill Chucks

    Key-type Most common

    Three jaws move simultaneously

    when outer sleeve turned Tighten with key

    Keyless

    Chuck loosened or tightened by

    hand without key

    Precision keyless

    Holds smaller drills accurately

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.

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    Types of Drill Chucks

    Jacobs impact keyless chuck

    Hold small or large drillsaccurately using

    Rubber-Flexcollets

    Gripped or releasedquickly and easily by

    means of built-inimpact device in chuck

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.

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    Drill Sleeves and Sockets

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Drill Sleeves

    Used to adapt cuttingtool shank to machine

    spindle if taper on tool issmaller than tapered hole in spindle

    Drill Socket

    Used when hole in spindle of drill press to smallfor taper shank of drill

    Used also asextension sockets

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    Drill Drift

    Used to remove tapered-shank drills oraccessories from drill press spindle

    Always place rounded edge up so this edgewill bear against round slot in spindle

    Use hammer to tap drill drift and loosentapered drill shank

    Use board or piece of masonite to protecttable

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    Drill sleeve & drill socket

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    Quick changer chulk

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    Floating holder

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    Tapping attachment

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    Type of operation

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    Counter boring and spot facing

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    Standard Operations

    Drilling

    Operation of producing hole by

    removing metal from solid massusing twist drill

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Countersinking

    Operation of producing taperedor cone-shaped enlargement

    to end of hole

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    Standard Operations

    Reaming

    Operation of sizing and producing

    smooth, round hole from previouslydrilled or bored hole

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Boring

    Truing and enlarging hole by

    means of single-point cutting tool

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    Standard Operations

    Tapping

    Cutting internal threads in hole

    with cutting tool called tap

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Counterboring

    Enlarging top of previously

    drilled hole to given depthto provide square shoulder for

    head of bolt or capscrew

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    Standard Operations

    Spot Facing

    Smoothing and squaring surface around

    hole to provide seat for head of cap screw

    or nut

    Boring bar fitted with

    double-edged cuttingtool

    Pilot section on end

    to fit into existing hole

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

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    Objectives

    Counterbore and countersink holes

    Select and use the proper tap to

    thread a hole in a drill press

    Use three methods to transfer hole

    locations

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    Counterboring

    Operation of enlarging end of hole that has

    been drilled previously

    Depth slightly greater than head of bolt, capscrew or pin it is to accommodate

    Supplied in variety of styles

    Each have pilot in end to keep tool in line withhole

    Some interchangeable pilots to suit variety of holes

    d

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    Procedure toCounterbore a Hole

    1. Set up and fasten work securely

    2. Drill proper size of hole in workpiece to suit bodyof pin or screw

    3. Mount correct size of counterbore in drill press

    4. Set drill press speed to approximately one-quarter that used for drilling

    5. Bring counterbore close to work to see that the

    pilot turns freely in drilled hole6. Start machine, apply cutting fluid and

    counterbore

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    Countersinking

    Process of enlarging top end of hole to

    shape of cone to accommodate conical-

    shaped heads of fasteners Head will be flush with or below surface

    Countersinks available with various

    included angles 60, 82, 90, 100, 110, and 120

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    Countersinking

    82 countersink used to enlarge top of holeso it will accommodate a flat-head machine

    screw Holes to be threaded

    countersunk slightlylarger than tap diameter

    Speed is approximately1/4thof drilling speed

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Permission required for reproduction or display.

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    Tapping

    Performed by hand or under power with

    tapping attachment

    Done immediately after drilling operation Hand taps

    In sets containing taper, plug, bottoming tap

    Machine taps Designed to withstand torque required to

    thread hole and clear chips

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    Set of Hand Taps

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Taper

    Plug

    Bottoming

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    Types of Machine Taps

    Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Gun

    Stub-flute

    Spiral-flute

    P d t T H l b H d i

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    Procedure to Tap a Hole by Hand in aDrill Press

    1. Mount work on parallels with center-

    punch mark on work in line with spindle

    and clamp work securely to drill presstable

    2. Adjust drill press table height so drill may

    be removed after hole has been drilledwithout moving table or work

    3. Center drill hole location

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    Tapping Attachment

    Mounted in a drill press spindle to rotatetap by power

    Built-in friction clutch that drives tap clockwise

    when drill press spindle fed downward Reversing mechanism to back tap out of hole

    Two- , three-fluted machine or gun taps

    used for power Ability to clear chips

    Tapping speed ranges from 60 100 r/min

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    Countersunk tool

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    Trepanning tool

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    Drilling thread master

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    Drilling is the process of cutting holes in

    metals by using a drilling machine

    Drills are the tools used to cut away fine shavings of material as the drilladvances in a rotational motion through the material

    Twist Drills

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    The twist drill is made from High SpeedSteel, tempered to give maximum

    hardness throughout the parallel cuttingportion.

    Flutes are incorporated to carry away the

    chips of metal and the outside surface isrelieved to produce a cutting edge along theleading side of each flute.

    Twist Drills

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    Drill Features

    The point of the drill is

    ground to an angle of 59

    degrees to the centre

    line to give two equal

    cutting edges, and eachside is ground back to

    give " relief " of about 12

    degrees to each cutting

    edge.

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    Drill Features

    It is very important that

    drill points are central

    and that the lip

    angles are equal

    .and that the cutting edges are

    unchipped and the clearanceangle correct.

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    Whetting (sharpening) of Drill

    To achieve accuracy

    of drilling, the drill

    bit must be sharp.The bigger drills

    can be whetted

    (sharpened) using

    a bench grinder.

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    Drill OperatingParameters

    It is essential to

    select the correct

    cutting speed and

    the feed speed.

    Refer to drill tables for correct

    drill bit RPM and feed speed.

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    Special Type of Drill

    Counterbore Drill

    Used to form a flat, or

    cylindrical recess to

    accommodate thehead of the bolt. It is

    also used to provide a

    level base on the

    rough surfaces fornuts and washers.

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    Special Type of Drill

    Countersink Drill

    Used to form a

    conical shaped

    recess to enable acountersunk screw

    or bolt to fit flush

    with the surface of

    the work.

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    How to Use a Drill Various drill bits from

    less than 1 mm

    diameter to more than40 mm diameter are

    available.

    However, the chuck of

    the general drilling

    machines can use only

    shaft sizes of less than

    13 mm diameter (up to).

    f l

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    However, for larger

    drills and milling

    machines, drillbits are designed

    with a "Morse"

    taper.

    How to Use a Drill

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    How to Use a Drill

    1. Twist drill must be clamped in the drill chuck tightly

    2. The workpiece to be drilled must be firmly securedby vice, or clamps.

    3. Use the correct drilling speed and apply suitabledrilling force It is advisable to release the drilloccasionally, lift the drill, and clear the hole ofcutting.

    4. Apply cutting fluid in the cutting except for drilling

    Cast iron.

    5. Take care, when the drill is nearly penetratedthrough the workpiece.

    6. The "screw in" action can lift up the workpiece.

    S f Fi

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    Safety First

    Always wear safety glasses!

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    Do not wear gloves while drilling

    DO NOT wear

    gloves, jewelry,

    neckties, or loose

    clothing whenoperating the drillpress

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    D ill i l

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    Drill material

    The two most common types are1. HSS drill

    - Low cost

    2. Carbide- tipped drills- high production and in CNC machines

    Other types are

    Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbidecoated masonry drills, parabolic drills, split pointdrill

    S f t

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    Safety

    Do not support the work piece by hand usework holding device.

    Use brush to clean the chip

    No adjustments while the machine is operating Ensure for the cutting tools running straight

    before starting the operation.

    Never place tools on the drilling table

    Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.

    Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.

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    QUESTIONS

    What are the types of Drilling machine ?

    What are the pare of Bency type drilling machine?

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    CONCLUSION

    Thus, we get the knowledge of Drilling

    machine.