Importance of Nutrition

In Community

Dr Sajida NaseemAssistant Professor

Community & Family Medicine

What is Nutrition?

Need to Study?

Session Objectives

To highlight the importance of nutrition in relation to health

To enlist the common nutritional problems in Pakistan

To familiarize with National statistics related to nutrition

National Nutrition Survey - 2011

Importance of Nutrition

Health &

Disease

Balanced Diet – Prudent Diet, WHO

Dietary fats< 30%, Saturated Fats – 10% energy intake

Proteins 15-20% >50% calories should come from

carbohydrate rich in fibre, not much refined carbohydrates

Salt intake <5g/day Junk food intake to be reduced Sources rich in energy as fats and

alcohol should be restricted

National Nutrition Survey - 2011

Knowledge Iron Zinc Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin B Iodineranged from 6% -24%

Nutritional Problems in Pakistan

Malnutrition Iron Deficiency Iodine Deficiency Vitamin A Deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin B12 Deficiency Zinc Deficiency Calcium Deficiency Fluorine Deficiency

Food Insecurity

National Level: 58% Without hunger: 28.4% Moderate hunger: 19.8% Severe hunger: 9.8%

Urban Rural

Food Insecurity

52% 39.4%

Without hunger

26.5% 28.3%

With moderate hunger

17.7% 20.7%

With severe hunger

8.2% 10.5%

Food Insecurity – Provincial Data

Punjab

Sindh

KPK Baluchistan

FATA GB

Food Insecuri

ty

59.5%

72% 28.2% 63.5% 58.4%

39.8%

Without hunger

32.2%

21.1%

21% 33.9% 27.4%

9.2%

With modera

te hunger

18.5%

33.8%

6% 18% 8.4% 21.5%

With severe hunger

8.8% 16.8%

4.5% 11.5% 5.8% 8.9%

Nutritional Assessment

Clinical Examination Anthropometry Micronutrient Deficiency Biochemical Analysis

Malnutrition

Under nutrition is a bigger challenge

Malnutrition - Terminologies

Underweight Moderate: Below -2SD from median weight

for age of reference populationSevere: Below - 3SD from median weight for

ageWastingModerate & Severe: below -2SD from median

weight for height of reference populationStuntingModerate & Severe: Below -2SD from median

height for age of reference population

Prevalence of Malnutrition in children

National trends in Malnutrition

Iodine Deficiency

Cause: Low levels of iodine in soil , high amount of refined foods.

Side effects: Mental retardation, Goitre

Daily requirement: 150micrograms / day

Vitamin A Deficiency

Required for low light and colour vision

Deficiency results in Night Blindness

Sources: Carrots, liver, cod liver oil, broccoli, sweet potato, tomatoes

Daily requirement: 1300microgram /day in adults

Vit A Deficiency in Children

Vitamin D Deficiency

Results in Rickets in Children and Osteomalacia in adults.

Sources: Cod liver oil, Fish, Egg, milk, cheese,

liver, beef.

Anaemia & I DA

Anemia Among Children

Zinc Deficiency

Occurs in young children, pregnant women, Breast feeding mothers and elders

Signs: Compromised immune system, diarrhoea, hair loss, loss of appetite, skin rash, sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive and motor function

Sources: wheat, oats, egg, milk, nuts, meat

Links for Research related to nutrition

http://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?hl=en&as_ylo=2012&as_vis=1&q=nutrition+research+in+pakistan&as_sdt=1%2C5&as_sdtp=

http://www.pakmedinet.com/search_new.php?q=nutrition+related+research

http://www.aiou.edu.pk/FoodSite/INDEX.HTM

THANKYOU