1 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m

Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde SUMMARY The story is about a brilliant scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll, whom after ten years of devious research discovered a drug which he tested on himself and enabled him to have a split personality as Dr. Jekyll who was his good self and Mr. Edward Hyde as his evil self. The only person who knew of his discovery was Dr Lanyon who later died as he could not bear keeping the ugly secret. Although, his experiment was a success but trouble was in store for him when Hyde became too powerful for him to control. His secret was revealed to Mr. Utterson, his lawyer, after he killed himself in his laboratory. THEMES

- The external struggle between good and evil is obvious in Dr. Jekyll. One part of him is kind and generous while the other part (Mr. Hyde) enjoys sinful pleasures. The two forces are always competing within him and he has to make sure he keeps a balance between them. However, Dr. Jekyll is unable to control his evil nature and the horrible deeds committed by Hyde lead him to take his own life.

Good versus evil Good vs. evil is basically the novel’s biggest theme. More specifically, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is easily viewed as an allegory about the good and evil that exist in all men and about our struggle with these two sides of the human personality. The battle between good and evil rages within the individual and between other characters. # Within The Individual

# Between Other Characters

- Mr. Enfield (good) versus Mr. Hyde (evil) - Dr. Grand (good) versus Mr. Hyde (evil) - Mr. Utterson and people (good) versus Mr. Hyde ( evil)

The duality of human nature Man by nature has good and bad sides. Man is always struggling with these forces to create a balance. Therefore a man could easily become bad or evil. If one is stronger than the other, the stronger will overcome the weaker side. Dr Jekyll realizes the existence of both sides in a person thus separate the two sides which ultimately leads him to a tragic end. It is unwise for him to temper with nature. Friendship Mr. Utterson, Dr. Lanyon and Richard Enfield are Dr. Jekylls good friends who value their friendship and care for him very much. They became very concerned when they saw the change in his behavior. For example, when Dr. Jekyll refused to change his will, Mr. Utterson thought he was being blackmailed by Hyde and he went to investigate the matter. When Dr. Jekyll pleaded in his letter to Dr. Lanyon to take a drawer from his study as his life depended on it, Dr. Lanyon followed his instructions. Loyalty Poole, Dr Jekylls manservant had worked for Dr. Jekyll for twenty years. When Dr. Jekylls locked himself in his laboratory for a week, he rushed to Mr. Uttersons house to ask for his help as he was worried. Crime and punishment When a person commits a crime, the person will be punished for the crime in one way or another. Mr. Hyde committed various atrocities in London which included deliberately trampling on a little girl and later murdering Sir Danvers Carew. At first, he was able to evade the law by transforming back to Dr. Jekyll. Nevertheless, after his brutality towards Sir Danvers was witness by Dr. Jekyll’s female servant, who could identify him, Mr. Hyde decided to commit suicide rather than face the law. Thus, his punishment was death by his own hand. Lies and deceit (Hypocrisy) In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the plot is frequently driven forward by secrecy and deception; Mr. Utterson does not know the relationship between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and he wants to find out. Also, by

2 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m omitting the scenes of Mr. Hyde’s supposedly treacherousness, Stevenson allows our imaginations to run to wild and eerie places. Repression The repression here is that of Victorian England: no sexual appetites, no violence, and no great expressions of emotion, at least in the public sphere. Everything is sober and dignified, and you are really not supposed to be happy. The more Dr. Jekyll’s forbidden appetites are repressed, the more he desires the life of Mr. Hyde, and the stronger Mr. Hyde grows. This is clearly demonstrated after Dr. Jekyll’s two-month hiatus from donning the visage of Mr. Hyde; Dr. Jekyll finds that the pull to evil has been magnified after months of repression. Science In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, science becomes a cover and justification for supernatural activities. Dr. Jekyll supposedly derives his potion in some sort of scientific manner but turns towards the “transcendental” (supernatural). Meanwhile, Dr. Lanyon prefers a more traditional set of scientific notions. This disagreement causes an irreparable rift in their relationship, especially after Dr. Lanyon witnesses Dr. Jekyll’s transformation with his own eyes. Curiosity In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, curiosity drives the characters to seek knowledge. This curiosity is either suppressed or fulfilled in each character. Curiosity lacks any negative connotation; instead, characters who do not actively seek to unravel the Jekyll and Hyde mystery may be viewed as passive or weak. Finally, the characters’ curiosities are, to some degree, transferred over to the reader; we seek to solve the puzzle along with Mr. Utterson. Violence This novel details two crimes of violence against innocent and helpless citizens: first, a little girl, and second, an elderly man. The violence in the novel centers on Mr. Hyde, and raises the question as to whether or not violence is an inherent part of man’s nature. Religion God and Satan figure prominently in this text, as well as many general references to religion and works of charity. As part of their intellectual lives, the men in the novel discuss various religious works. One sign of Mr. Hyde’s wickedness, for example, is his defacing Dr. Jekyll’s favorite religious work. Mr. Hyde is also frequently likened to Satan. PLOT Introduction/Exposition

• The scene of Mr Hyde trampling a little girl at 2.00 a.m. on a street in London is seen by Richard Enfield and the incident is told to Mr Utterson.

• Dr Jekyll’s signature on the cheque given to the child’s father raised suspicion linked Mr. Hyde to Dr Jekyll.

Conflict/Rising Action

• Hyde kills Sir Danvers Carew. Later, Hyde is nowhere to be found. The mystery is deepened when Mr. Guest finds similarities between Jekyll and Hyde’s handwriting.

• Mr. Utterson’s concern and curiosity about Mr. Hyde led to face to face confrontation with Mr. Hyde.

• Mr. Utterson’s persistent inquiry of Mr. Hyde led to an initial misconception that Mr. Hyde is blackmailing Dr Jekyll. This is further enhanced by Dr Jekyll’s refusal to change the will.

Climax Poole and Utterson break down the laboratory door and discover Hyde’s body. Falling Action Dr Lanyon’s letter to Utterson reveals the truth. Ending/Resolution Dr Jekyll’s full statement of the case reveals the complete truth about Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

3 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m CHARACTERS

Dr Jekyll • Intelligent: creates a potion to transform himself into a wicked person. • Secretive: leads a double life and has many secrets even his friends do not know of. • Respectable: a respectable gentleman with impeccable social status. • Risk-taker/Daring: tries the new potion on himself despite not knowing of its side-effect would

be. • Remorseful: regrets over the evil deed that he has done. • Hypocritical: wants to be respected in the society but still wants to do wicked things in secret. • Careful: carries out his preparations with great care until his death. Well built and good looking Textual evidence: ‘To this rule Dr Jekyll was no exception; and as he sat now on the opposite side of fire- a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty. (Pg Ref. 41) Intelligent and wealthy Textual evidence: “I was born in the year 18- to a large fortune” (Pg Ref.94) Textual Evidence: “….at an early age discovered that I had taste for science, and was intelligent enough, and rich enough to follow any line of scientific inquiry which appealed to me. (Pg Ref.94) Careful Textual evidence: “I had but to drink the cup to throw off the body of the famous doctor, and put on, like a change of clothing, the shape of Edward Hyde.” (Pg Ref.100) Textual evidence: “In my own home, I announced to my servants that a Mr. Hyde, whom I describe to them, was to have full liberty and power about my house in the square, and was to be obeyed in all things as I was myself.” (Pg Ref.100) Leads a secret double life Textual evidence: “And then, with a strong sense of relief, I realized that the servant were already used to the coming and going of my second self.” (Pg Ref.104 Textual Evidence:” To stamp out Hyde and to remain only Jekyll, was to lose for ever those pleasure I had so much enjoyed.” (Pg Ref.106) Physical Appearances: About 50 years old, heavy-footed, handsome, smooth-faced

Mr Hyde • Evil, wicked, violent and ruthless: tramples a little girl without feeling of guilt. He kills when

people anger him. He kills Sir Danver Carew and strikes a woman who offers him a box of matches.

• Rude: speaks rudely to Enfield, Dr. Grant and Mr. Utterson • Cowardly: agrees to pay compensation to the little girl after confronted by Enfield. Small-built and has an unpleasant look Textual Evidence” Particularly small and particularly wicked looking is what the maid calls him, said the officer”. (Pg Ref.90) Cruel and Evil Textual Evidence: The man trampled over the child’s body, as if it was the most unnatural thing in the world, and left her screaming on the ground.” (Pg Ref.8) Physical Appearances: Small and ugly, deformed, dark hair, heavy and full-lipped mouth, frightening eyes and strange face

Mr Utterson • Trustworthy & Reliable: sticks to his professional code of honour by not betraying his clients’trust. • Determined: determines to protect Jekyll whom he thought is being blackmailed by Hyde. • Brave/Courageous: dares to find out the relationship of Jekyll and Hyde. He tears down the

laboratory door when sensing Jekyll must have been in danger.

4 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m • Concerned and caring: always worries about Jekyll’s safety and has been trying to safe Jekyll

from Hyde. • Loyal: shows lots of concerns over Jekyll after he learns about the unpleasantness of Hyde. He

tries in every mean to help Jekyll. He does not reveal about the truth about Hyde is actually Jekyll after Jekyll’s death to protect his friend’s reputation.

• Patient & Persistent: waits many days for Hyde to appear so he can talk to him. • Calm/Steady, Practical & Sensible: does not make rash and hasty decision. He checks all the

evidence before making conclusion. • Compassionate: feels sorry for Jekyll and is not judgmental over Jekyll’s death. • Well organised and conventional: Keeps to his routine. He goes for Sunday walks with his

nephew, Enfield. A lawyer and a man of authority Textual evidence: “Mr. Utterson, a lawyer, was uncle to Richard Enfield.” (Pg Ref.23) Textual evidence: In business, he has known as a man who calculated every risk before he took action or gave advice: a cool man, a steady man, essentially a man of sense and authority.”(Pg Ref.23) Trustworthy and a true friend Textual evidence: ‘” Jekyll,” said Utterson,”you know me, I am a man to be trusted. Tell me confidence what is wrong and I should not be at all surprised if I can get you out of it,”’(Pg Ref.42) A lovable man Textual evidence: “He was long, lean, dull and dusty-and yet somehow entirely lovable.” (Pg Ref.23) Textual evidence: “For al that, Richard had a great affection for the dry old lawyer, and both men looked upon their walks on occasion of pleasure, and even resisted the calls of business, which they might enjoy interrupted.”(Pg Ref.24) Physical Appearances: Tall and lean, serious looking, seldom smiles, warm eyes.

Dr Lanyon • Loyal & Trustworthy/Dependable: helps Jekyll by obtaining the drugs he needed. He keeps

Jekyll’s secret as requested. • Weak: his health worsen because he can no longer carry the burden of Jekyll’s secret. He dies. A dear friend of Mr. Utterson and Dr Jekyll Textual evidence:’ “I suppose Lanyon,” he said, “that you and I must be the two oldest friends that Henry Jekyll has?”’(Pg Ref.30) Textual evidence: ‘”I wish the friends were younger,” said Dr Lanyon with laugh.’(Pg Ref.30) A medical doctor Textual evidence: ‘” I am a doctor,” he said and his voice had lost its old certainty and firmness,” and I know that my days are numbered.”’(Pg Ref.62) Terrified of Dr Jekyll Textual evidence: ‘‘I will never see him again,” said Lanyon. ’He knows that-and he knows why. Why don’t you ask him?”’(Pg Ref.62) Textual Evidence: ‘”But, in the meantime, if you can sit and talk tome of other things for God’s sake, do so! If you must speak of Jekyll, however, then in God’s name, go, for I cannot bear it.”(Pg Ref.64) Physical Appearances: Healthy, red faced, snow white hair

Poole • Loyal: serves Jekyll for 20 years. • Dutiful: obeys Jekyll’s orders although disagree of his master’s action. • Observant & Alert: notices the strange events in the household and able to describe the things he

sees in Jekyll’s laboratory and the strange behaviour of his master in detail to Utterson. Dr Jekyll’s faithful and loyal manservant

5 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m Textual evidence: ”Sir, I have been twenty years in this man’s house and I know it was not his voice” (Pg Ref.74) Head of the servant Textual Evidence: “Hold your tongue!” Poole said to her, and turned towards the boy who cleaned the knives. (Pg Ref.73) Well-mannered Textual evidence: ‘”Sir,” said Poole, “you know how the doctor’s been for sometime no, and how he shuts himself up. Well, he’s shut up again in the laboratory and I don’t like it, sir, Mr. Utterson, I’m-I’m afraid sir!”(Pg Ref.71)

Richard Enfield • Brave & Courageous: dare to confront Hyde on the little girl’s trampling incident. • Fair & Just: insists that Hyde pay compensation to the little girl’s family. • Responsible: makes sure that the little girl’s family receives the compensation from Hyde. The nephew of Mr. Utterson, the lawyer Textual Evidence: “It was the habit if Mr. Utterson and his nephew to walk together on a Sunday morning” (Pg Ref.24) Textual evidence: ‘”My dear uncle…” began Richard, surprised out of himself. (Pg Ref.27) Caring and concern man Textual evidence: ‘He bent and patted the child’s shoulder.”(Pg Ref.13) Civic-minded Textual evidence: “You will be good enough to return,” He said coldly,” to offer your sympathy and inquire what harm you may have done,” (Pg Ref.11) Suspicious Textual evidence: “I suspect blackmail, you know; I’m afraid it’s the case of an honest man paying heavily for some foolishness of his youth.”(Pg Ref.25)

Mr. Guest • Trustworthy: able to keep secrets as ordered by Mr Utterson. • Observant: notices the similarity between Jekyll and Hyde’s handwriting SETTINGS I. Location: 1． On the street of London. 2． Dr. Jekyll’s house 3． Mr. Hyde’s house in Soho 4． Dr. Lanyon’s house on Cavendish Square (where the rich live) 5． Mr Utterson’s house and office. In the novel Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson, there are four settings take place of the main event. i) London, England The story of Dr Jekyll and Hyde was written in late 19th century. It was set in the city of London, England. ii) Dr Jekyll’s House Dr Jekyll big house is located on a decent and respectable area in London. His house is well built with an air of wealth and comfort. This is where he organized grand dinner gatherings for his friends. His living room is low-roofed and furnished with expensive furniture. It is so comfortable, bright and warm that Mr. Utterson once thought it as “the most pleasant room in London”

6 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m iii) Edward Hyde’s House Edward Hyde lives in the seedy part of London. It is in a sinister block of buildings in this street. The house has no windows but only a door on the ground floor. The door does not have a bell or a knocker and looked stained and unpainted. It had a look of not being used or opened for a long time. iv) The Laboratory The laboratory is where the doctor spent most of his time, indulging in his experiments. It is located at the far end of Dr Jekyll’s house. It has its own entrance and is connected to Mr. Hyde’s house. There are all kinds of chemicals or ‘salt’ with measuring glasses and also a long mirror. II. Time: 19th century during the Victorian age. III. Social Setting: Rich and educated upper class (the scientist, doctors and lawyers) and the lower working class ( the servants, housekeeper and clerks). Outward appearances are very strict moral values. POINT OF VIEW 1st person’s point of view: Here, events are told from the point of view or individual. In Chapter 12, Dr. Lanyon’s letter revealed Dr Jekyll’s secret. In Chapter 13, Dr. Jekyll’s statement revealed the whole truth. 3rd person’s point of view: The author uses Mr Utterson as his narrator where he is all-knowing. The author knows everything about the thoughts and feelings of all the characters in this story. It is used throughout Chapter 1 -11. LANGUAGE & STYLE - The retold version of this story has been simplified for the young readers. The language is rich yet simple to understand. There are many descriptive words and phrases used throughout the story to describe the characters’ feeling, opinions and their state of mind. Because the story was written in the late 19th

Similes

century, there is a formidable tone in some parts of the story. However, the author has managed to create and sustain a tone of suspense throughout the story.

a. …as quiet as the grave … (p.7) b. …as empty as a church …(p.8) c. …like the devil himself…(p.16) d. …a voice like a dog’s snarl…(p.19) e. …like a flock of frightened sheep. (p.73) Metaphors a. …with the speed of an angry cat…(p.9) b. …light on his feet…(p.9)

c. The air was full of hate! (p.14) Imagery a. …rain blow after blow upon him…(p.10) b. …exploded in anger …(p.16) Personification a. …a blind forehead of dirty wall …(p.18) b. …a sleeping city …(p.31)

Flashback a. Chapter 9: Utterson reads the statement/letter from Dr. Langon who describes what he has encountered

from Dr. Jekyll. b. Chapter 10: Utterson reads the letter from Dr. Jekyll after his death. The letter describes the doctor’ MORAL VALUES • Be loyal and faithful • True friendship should be valued • Be morally upright • Show kindness and concern • Be helpful • Be trustworthy • Believe in hope or have confident • Be courageous

• Be repentant/Should not play with God’s creation.

• Do not dabble with the unknown • Control one’s negative side • Persevere • Put personal and integrity and honour

first

7 | K e l a s T u i y e n D e w a n H a j i A l i b . A d a m Loyalty and Faithfulness • Mr. Utterson protects Dr Jekyll’s name. • Dr Lanyon keeps Dr Jekyll’s secret • Poole faithfully carries out his master’s instruction Kindness and Concern For Others • Mr. Enfield goes to Edie‘s rescue when she is attacked by Mr. Hyde. • Mr. Utterson tries to advise Dr Jekyll to choose the right path. • Poole seeks out Mr. Utterson to help his master • Dr Grant treats Edie with gently care.

Courage • Mr. Enfield confronts Mr. Hyde about attacking Edie. • Mr. Utterson tracks down Hyde and also confronts him outside his house in Soho

Patience and Determination • Mr. Utterson keeps going to Hyde’s house until he succeeds in seeing him. Personal Honour and Integrity • Mr. Utterson is always open and honest in dealing with his clients and friends and does not bestry

their secrets.

Trustworthiness • Mr. Utterson is well respected as a lawyer who is sincere and dependable. • Dr Lanyon is someone Dr Jekyll trust completely to keep his secret. • Poole is another person whom Dr Jekyll knows he can depend on. Good will overcome evil and all bad things will come to an end No matter what bad things happened and how it happened, in the end of the story everything turned up settled. Bad things that happened eventually come to an end. We must be responsible for our actions Dr Jekyll was not responsible for his evil acts. He created another image and uses him to commit his cruel and evil acts. As a doctor, his duty is to save lives but instead he created Hyde to do thing he could not as respected doctor. We must think rationally when we make decision Dr Jekyll believed that there are two sides to a person’s character; the good and the bad. He attempts to follow his hearts desire to separate the good and evil parts in man so that he can enjoy his evil doing’s without being caught. But his experiment was only successful for a short while and it brought him discontentment and unhappiness. The value of friendship and loyalty – friends stay with each other in times of trouble or uncertainties. Dr Jekyll’s good friends, Mr. Uttreson and Dr Lanyon cared very much for him. It was Dr Jekyll who did not appreciate their friendship and secretly indulged in unlawful experiments to satisfy his fantasies. However, Dr Lanyon followed his instructions and watched Hyde transform. What he saw eventually killed him. We should learn to control our negative sides Dr Jekyll failed to control himself (Hyde) and led to disastrous consequences. We should not play with God’s creation It is not within our capacity to change God’s creation. Our skills and abilities are limited. Dr. Jekyll was trying to challenge the God’s creation with his theory of separating good and evil in man.