Dorosoma cepedianumgizzard shad

Natasha Schuchmann

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dorosoma_cepedianum.html

Dorosoma cepedianum

• Identification:– Herring body– Long, last dorsal fin ray– Large, dark spot on shoulder in younger fish– Silvery blue with shiny white belly– No lateral line– 52-70 lateral scales, 10-13 dorsal rays

Dorosoma cepedianum• Distribution:

– Most of Iowa

Dorosoma cepedianum• Habitat:

– Deep, open rivers and lakes with soft bottom

• Diet:– Omnivorous filter feeder

• Phytoplankton and zooplankton

• Reproduction:– 400,000 eggs– Prefer sandy and rocky substrate for spawning– No care of young

Dorosoma cepedianum• Importance:

– Competition for sport fish

– Little food or commercial value

– Used as bait

• Conservation Status:– Abundant, stable numbers

http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/gzs-card.html

Dorosoma cepedianum• References:

– Berra, Tim M., Freshwater Fish Distribution. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001.

– Morris, Christina. “Dorosoma cepedianum.” Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 28 Sept. 2004 <http:// animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/

information/Dorosoma_cepedianum.html>.– Page, Lawrence M., and Brooks M. Burr. Peterson

Field Guides: Freshwater Fishes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991.

Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)Chris Gelner

• Identification: dark-blue to blue-green sides, silver belly with sharp keel, large scales

• Similar Species: Mooneye, origin of dorsal fin is in front of origin of anal fin

• Distribution: inhabits larger streams in western southern and southeastern Iowa where it is considered rare; rarely found in Mississippi river

Iowa DNR

Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

• Habitat: quiet slow moving waters of large rivers and muddy shallows of large lakes

• Diet: nocturnal opportunistic carnivore, aquatic insect larvae, fish, worms, snails, waterfleas, sideswimmers, terrestrial insects, frogs, mice, shrews

Mississippi River Resource Page

Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

• Reproduction: male and female spawn at 3 years old when water reaches 10 degrees C. Females can release 5,000-25,000 semi-floating eggs

• Conservation status: although uncommon not listed as threatened because of its wide distibution

Breck P. Kent

Charting Nature

Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

• Economic value: low, few anglers target goldeye, important as a sport fish and commercially in Canada

• Ecological value: probably unimportant due to its low numbers

Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

• Common names: goldeye, slicker, webechee, norhtern mooneye, toothed herring, shad mooneye, mooneye, yellow herring…

• State Record: 2 pounds, 4 ounces, Des Moines River, June 1992

Roughfish.com

Frank Bosemeyer

References: Hiodon alosoides

Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Iowa DNR Fish and Fishing. Available at http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/gde-card.html. September 2004.

Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Fishes of Minnesota. Available at http://www.gen.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/goldeye.html. September 2004.

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)Kate Walker

• Identification: large eye; dorsal fin origin located in front of anal fin origin; teeth prominent on both jaws, tongue and roof of mouth; cycloid scales

• Distribution: large river drainages across Iowa-Mississippi, Missouri and Des Moines Rivers

Pictures from:http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/mooneye.html

Hiodon tergisus

• Habitat: prefer swift, clean water; non-silted conditions

• Diet: young-plankton; adult-insects, mollusks, crayfish, and small fish

• Reproduction: spawning is random in April and May (in shallow waters); females produce 10,000-20,000 eggs; eggs covered in a gelatinous material

www.nanfa.org/meetings/ 1999/Wabash/mooneye.jpg

Hiodon tergisus

• Conservation status: neither endangered or threatened

• Economical/Recreational Importance: neither valued for food or sport

• Ecological Importance: contribute to forage fish populations

• Other: state record; spirited catch; appearance similar to herrings; other names

http://www.thejump.net/id/mooneye.htm

References

• Natural Resources. 1994. IowaDNR Fish and Fishing. Available at Iowa Department of http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/iafish.html. September 28

• Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Iowa’s threatened and endangered species. Available at http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/ppd/tespecies.htm. September 26

• New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2003. Mooneye Fact Sheet. Available at

http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/mooneye.html. September 26

• Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

EsocidaeNorthern Pike (Esox Lucius)

Becky Olerich

Identification: elongated fish with long head depress forward into pair duck billed jaws; canine teeth usually bluish-green with irregular yellow or gold spots on sides; cheek fully scaled lower half opercle scales; 10 plus pounds and 3 to 4 ft.

Distribution: Found world wide; upper 2/3 of Iowa larger lakes and rivers

Habitat: sluggish heavily vegetated areas

Iowa DNR

Northern Pike (Esox Lucius)Diet: young insects, larvae adults perch, drum, small suckers, sunfish, smaller pike predatory fish large pike eat anythingReproduction: mid-march; random spawners; 63,000 to 500,000 eggs laid depending on size; take female until 3rd year in life to reach sexual maturityConservation status: abundant in right lake Iowa is maintaining the population population biggest ever been in spirit lake

Canada Outfitters

Northern Pike (Esox Lucius)Economic and recreational importance:

big game fishStocked in some lakes 5 2inch fingerlings per acre

Ecological importance: species is a predator does not effect the population that much; tolerant to pollution very sensitive to warm water take fairly low oxygen

Other: names common pike, northern jack fish, pickerelState record 25 pounds 5 ounces west Okobojithere is close season on fishing pike in west and east

Okoboji and spirit lake from Feb.15 to May 2 daily bag limit is 3 with a possession of 6 Boundy rivers open year round bag limit 5 possession 10 except Big Sioux bag 6 possession 12

Canada Outfitters

References: Esox Lucius

Canada Outfitters. Available at http://www.canadaoutfitters.com/photopages/canadaoutfitters/recentphotos/

Iowa Department of Natural Resources.1194. IowaDNR Fish and Fishing Available at http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/ppd/tespecies.htm.

Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa. 323 pp.

Miller, Lannie. Fisheries Biologist. Iowa Department of Natural Resources,Lake View, Iowa personal communication. September 28, 2004.

Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )

By Chris NickellIdentification: olive to dark gray above, sides lighter with dark spots or bars; upper 1/2 of cheeks and opercle lightly scaled, lower 1/2 of both scaleless; Six or more pores on underside of jaw

Picture from Iowa DNR

Habitat: Muskellunge normally live in lakes and slow-moving rivers with clear water and numerous underwater weed beds.. Muskies most often reside in water less than 4.5 m (15 ft) deep.

Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )

Picture from Minnesota DNR

Diet: Fish, Ducks, Muskrats for adults, Larval Muskies eat waterfleas and copepods but add fish at around 2 inches.

Reproduction: 10,000 to 225,000 eggs depending on size and health, Hatch in 8 to 14 days. Attach to vegetation using adhesive organ on head. Develop mouth and fins over 1-2 weeks, then swim free.

Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )

Picture from Ohio DNRDistribution: has been stocked regularly into Brushy Creek, Hawthorn Lake, Pleasant Creek, Big Creek, Three Mile, Clear Lake, West Okoboji, and Big Spirit. Muskies can also be found in East Okoboji, Upper Gar, Lower Gar, and Lake Minnewashta. Muskies were also stocked in Lake Macbride in 1993, and some individuals are still being caught there.

Conservation: Unlisted but Stocked annually into certain lakes.

Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )

Picture from University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

Economic/ recreational value: Important as game fish

Ecological importance: Important as a predator fish in keeping numbers down in smaller prey fish

Other: Are solely carnivorous, ambush predators

AKA: Musky, Muskie, Wisconsin Musky, Purebred Musky, Fish of 10,000 casts

•State Record – 52” @ 50 pounds, 6 ounces

Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy )

Picture from Minnesota DNR

References: Esox masquinongy

Iowa department of natural resources. 1994. Iowa DNR Fish and fishing.available at http://www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/muk-card.html September 2004

Mayhew, J. 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Fishes of Minnesota. Available at: http://www.gen.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/muskellunge.html ,

September 2004.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife Division. Fishing. Available at http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/wildlife/Fishing/aquanotes-fishid/muskie.htm September 2004.

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

University of Michigan Museum of Zoology . Lepisosteus osseus. Available at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_masquinongy .html September 2004

The Tiger Musky

www.pikemasters.comOther Names: Normie, Silver Northern

By Nathan Wilhelm

Esox masquinongy

(Male Muskellunge)

X

Esox lucius

(Female Northern Pike)

Hybrid =

Identification

Long Cylindrical Body

Olive to Dark Grey

Tiger Markings on Side

Jaws Shape Like Duckbill

Many, Prominent Teeth

Dorsal Fin Located Far Back

Cheek/Gill Characteristics of a Northern Pike

Body Characteristics of a Musky

www.pikemasters.com

Distinguishing From Northern Pike

Easily Differentiated

Northern Pikes Have Light Bean-Shaped Spots

Tiger Muskies Have Dark Verticle Stripes and Spots

Muskies, Not So Easy!

www.lindenhurst.org www.pikemasters.com

Distinguishing From Musky

Fin Ray Counts Not Helpful

Tiger Musky: Darker Brown Markings

Rounded Fins

Cheek and Upper Half of Gill Scaled

Similar to Barred Musky Strain

Musky: Lighter Brown Markings

Pointed Fins

Only Upper Half of Cheek and Gill Scaled

Multiple Strains

www.kneedeepclub.org

Distributionwww.iowadnr.com34 Stocked Lakes in 1984

Over 800,000 Fish Stocked

No longer Regularly Stocked

HabitatLarge,Clean Lakes and Rivers with Shallow Feeding Areas and Deeper Cool Areas

Prefer Weeds, Logs for Cover When Feeding

Carnivorous Diet

Fish Hatchery: Prepared Foods or Zooplankton as Fry, Then Fish

In the Wild: Mainly Fish - Frogs – Small Mammals – Water Fowl

ReproductionCan Occur Naturally From Northern Pike and Muskellunge, but Need Stocking to be Sustained

Usually Created in Hatcheries by Fertilization of Northern Pike Eggs By Muskellunge

Tiger Muskies Are Sterile, Except for Females Occasionally

www.gen.umn.edu

History and Conservation Status1965 First Hybrid at Spirit Lake Hatchery Created

1978 Released Into 9 Southern Iowa Lakes

1983 Occupying 27 Lakes

1984 34 Iowa Lakes

State Record at 27 lbs. and 2 ounce, From West Okoboji Lake

No Regular DNR Stocking in Iowa

Season open all year except in West Okoboji Lake, East Okoboji Lake, Spirit Lake(closed February 15 to May 20)

The daily bag limit is 1 fish

The possession limit is 1 fish

Fish must be at least 40 in.

RecreationImportant Game Fish Where They Are Found

Grow Faster Than Northern Pike and Muskellunge

More Apt to Strike Than a Muskellunge

Grows Larger Than a Northern Pike

Aggressive Fighters

Ecological SignificanceMost are Sterile so Population Easily Managed

At the Top of Food Chain When Adults

Piscivore: Can Help Keep Populations of Smaller Fish in Check

References

Burr, Brooks M. and Lawerence M. Page. 1991. Peterson field guides. Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin Company. Pp. 61,62.

Discover the outdoors. Species locater: Tiger musky. Found at http://www.dto.com/fwfishing/species/generalprofile.jsp

speciesid=337

Mayhew, J. (editor). 1987. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, Iowa. 323 pp. Found at www.iowadnr.com/fish/iafish/tigmusky.html

Minnesota muskie farm. Fish species. 1998-2004. Found at http://www.minnesotamuskiefarm.com/fish.html