Doncaster Geodiversity Action Plan - Microsoft... · Doncaster Geodiversity Action Plan Adopted June 2008 ... Simply put, geodiversity is the variety of rocks, fossils, minerals,

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Doncaster Geodiversity Action Plan Adopted June 2008

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Foreword

Increasing pressure on land and the environment demands a greater awareness and understanding of the dynamics of our natural world in order to deliver a sustainable environment for the future. Biodiversity and the need for the Government to recognise, audit and plan for habitat and ecology is widely accepted and enshrined in UK legislation. However, the importance of the complementary concept of Geodiversity is only now gaining recognition, despite providing the foundations for habitats and species.

Geodiversity has a vital role in all aspects of the natural heritage and impacts on many sectors in economic development and historical and cultural heritage.

Nationally important geological sites have been assessed and are protected by statutory measures, but other than Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites (RIGS) in some areas, there is little systematic inventory and evaluation of local sites or development of management measures for these sites. The introduction of ‘Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity and Geological Conservation’ has elevated the importance of geodiversity to a new level in England and Wales.

This Geodiversity Action Plan seeks to address the aims of PPS9 at a local level and provides a foundation for the protection of Doncaster’s important geomorphological and geological sites and areas.

Acknowledgements

Thank you to all the members of the Geodiversity Partnership who regularly attended meetings and contributed toward the development of this plan.

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SummaryIntroductionWhat is Geodiversity?The Importance of GeodiversityScopeEnvironmental SustainabilityShared Priorities – A shared CommitmentGeodiversity ChallengeThe National ResponseThe Regional ResponseThe Legal FrameworkThe Planning FrameworkGeological Recording in DoncasterA Brief HistoryBaseline DataThe Geodiversity of Doncaster BoroughNatural Areas and Landscape CharacterLocal GeodiversityBedrock (Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic)Quaternary (Neogene)Doncaster’s Broad Geodiversity AreasDesignated SitesGeological Heritage- Fossils- History- Abandoned Quarries- Limestone Quarrying- Coal Industry and Spoil Heaps- Building Stone and our Built Heritage- Sand and Gravel Extraction- Current Mineral ExtractionDeveloping the LGAPPrimary AimsMission StatementObjectivesPartnership ApproachConservation TargetsImplementationMonitoring and ReportingThe LGAP FormatThe AuditsIssues Affecting Local GeodiversityMineral ExtractionTransport RoutesRecreationGetting InvolvedPlay Your PartGlossaryLGAP Objectives, Targets and Proposed Actions

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Contents

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Summary The Geodiversity Action Plan for Doncaster evolved as a result of the new ‘Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity and Geological Conservation’ and the accompanying ODPM circular 06/2005 ‘Biodiversity and Geological conservation: Statutory obligations and their impact within the planning system’, which raised the importance of geodiversity in both England and Wales.

Geodiversity is the variety of rocks, fossils, minerals and landforms that determine the landscape character of our natural environment and is important because it provides us with the raw materials we cannot grow or produce from renewable sources. Essentially, geodiversity links people, landscapes, biodiversity and culture and an appreciation and understanding of geodiversity will help contribute toward a clearer understanding of our local heritage.

Doncaster’s Local Geodiversity Action Plan (LGAP) complements an earlier piece of work, ‘The Doncaster Geodiversity Assessment’, carried out in 2007. It contains information on the local geodiversity of the area and audits the Sites of Scientific Interest (SSIs) and Regionally Important Geomorphological and Geologically Important Sites (RIGS) in the Borough. These sites will become known as Local Geological Sites (LGS) in accordance with the new Defra guidelines on the identification, selection, and management of local sites.

The primary aims of the LGAP are identified in the mission statement:

“The Doncaster Geodiversity Partnership, through the delivery of an Action Plan, will positively contribute toward the recording, interpretation, conservation, restoration, enhancement, and sustainable management of Doncaster’s geological heritage for the benefit of all.”

The objectives that flesh out the mission statement can be found on page 24 and the SMART targets can be found on page 38 onwards. Some of the objectives include auditing sites and protecting them where necessary, and with partners, identify opportunities for the creation and designation of new sites.

The SMART targets have been categorised to make them easily identifiable under specific themes and the Lead partners are also identified. A Local Sites Partnership will be established to forward the targets for both this geodiversity plan and its sister plan, the Doncaster Biodiversity Action Plan.

The plan will run until 2018 with annual reviews, and along with a commitment from the local Authority, we want to encourage resident groups, local people and companies to get involved in helping to deliver the overall objectives

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Introduction

What is Geodiversity?Simply put, geodiversity is the variety of rocks, fossils, minerals, landforms and soils, and the associated natural processes that determine the landscape and character of our natural environment. It is the underlying rock on which the soil develops and resulting shape of the landscape features we see around us.

The Importance of GeodiversityGeodiversity is a fundamental aspect of all our lives. Raw materials can’t be grown and all energy can’t be produced from renewable sources - this is where geological science comes into play.

Geological resources provide the raw materials for buildings, industry, infrastructure, medicines, cosmetics, fuel and water. The minerals around us also provide us with our homes, shops, hospitals, offi ces and schools and contribute to the regional economy by providing around 2,600 jobs. In addition, up-to-date geodiversity information, objectives and targets will contribute toward informing a wide range of planning and environmental policies.

Geodiversity links people, landscape, biodiversity and culture, and an appreciation and understanding of geodiversity will help contribute toward a clearer understanding of our local biodiversity, as the geology has a signifi cant infl uence on where habitats and species are found. In Doncaster we have three very different underlying rock types forming the bedrock; the Coal Measures sandstones and shales to the west; the Magnesian Limestone ridge (an internationally rare rock type running from Norton to Tickhill) cut-through by the dramatic Don Gorge, with its crags, grassland and ancient woods; and the Sherwood Sandstone ridge from Hatfi eld to Bawtry with its heathlands and ancient woodlands. These very different zones are made the more diverse by overlying deposits of clays, sands, gravels and, the presence of two of the largest areas of lowland peatlands in western Europe. Geodiversity is important for a comprehensive understanding of many aspects of biodiversity, and contributes to the evidence to enhance the conservation, management, educational use and interpretation of such related features.

It is now normal for society to identify that important natural and cultural features are managed to benefi t future generations. Geodiversity is as important as biodiversity, or archaeology as they are all intrinsically linked by natural processes and human activity.

The geodiversity of an area may be considered to be one of the principal natural resources. A key starting point is an appreciation of the most up-to-date available understanding of the area’s geology, landforms and soils, together with the processes and phenomena which have formed them and continue to infl uence them.

Marshall’s Quarry at Stainton

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An area’s geodiversity is therefore made up of:• Sites or natural features which are deemed worthy of some form of designation or protection for the quality of Earth heritage features displayed• Sites or natural features where representative examples of the area’s Earth heritage may be seen• Sites and natural features currently employed in interpreting Earth science• Resource potential for leisure, geo-tourism and education• The whereabouts and nature of past and present working of mineral products• The influence of earth science in shaping the man-made environment, urban landscapes and architectural heritage• Natural hazard management• The inter-relationship and inter-dependence between Earth heritage and other interests, including biodiversity, archaeology, and history

ScopeThe Action Plan has evolved following the formation of the Geodiversity Partnership for Doncaster, and is for use by those interested in Doncaster’s geology and geodiversity. The Partnership is derived from various sectors including the local authority, Natural England, minerals operators, and local conservation groups. The British Geological Survey (BGS) have also carried out work, which complements the plan. The geology of the area may be perceived to be complex, but this plan contains information in an easy to read, accessible format. A glossary has also been provided to explain any technical terms. The plan is not exclusively intended for those interested in geology. It is for use as an information resource for planning, conservation management and interpretation. The partnership will also promote an interest in local geology, including education, recreation and culture, and provide an up-to-date audit of geological resources, sites and available skills.

Environmental SustainabilityThe widely used and accepted definition of sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs”. Think of it as winning the lottery, putting the money in the bank, and living on the interest - the money will still be there making interest for your family (and their families) to live on after you have gone.

In a social context, we need to achieve a balance between current social, economic and environmental issues. Because geodiversity links people, landscape, biodiversity and culture, and is a fundamental part of our everyday lives, we must develop clear objectives and targets which contribute effectively to the development of planning policies, on the ground monitoring and conservation, together with effective education and awareness-raising.

Geodiversity interests need to be integrated into policies and processes relating to sustainable development including: • Strategic Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment• Local Development Framework including Mineral Applications• The Water Framework Directive • EU Soil Protection Directive, and • Doncaster Biodiversity Action Plan

Doncaster’s Borough Strategy ‘Shaping our Future – A Strategy for the Borough of Doncaster 2005 to 2010’ has a clear view on sustainable growth and economic wealth. There are seven transformational goals, one of which is ‘Environmental Sustainability’, which highlights the Council’s commitment toward delivering a greener future.

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The Borough Strategy is shortly due for review. For future direction and commitments, refer to the draft long term priorities which underpin the new strategy.

The Corporate Plan sets out the direction of the Council, translating the transformational goals into a series of ‘shared priorities’. There are five themes, and the relevant one for the Geodiversity Plan is ‘Safer, Stronger and Sustainable Communities’ and the aspiration toward making local neighbourhoods greener, cleaner and safer - all of which contribute towards environmental sustainability.

Shared Priorities – A Shared Commitment Local challenges evidenced in the Borough Strategy and Corporate Plan are being tackled by Doncaster Council and its partners through ‘shared priorities’ which form the basis of the Borough’s Local Area Agreement (LAA). The shared priorities are grouped under five theme headings that contain key actions and measures of progress. The main crosscutting priority which applies to all the themes is ‘Protection and Enhancement of the Environment to ensure that the needs of future generations are not compromised by actions taken today’. Theme 2, ‘Safer, Stronger and Sustainable Communities1’,and Theme 4, ‘Economy and Enterprise2, however, contain key actions which support the delivery of Doncaster’s geodiversity conservation.

There are a number of associated partner and organisation strategies and plans which complement the Geodiversity Action Plan, such as the Biodiversity Action Plan and the Landscape Character and Capacity Study. These documents should be used in tandem to reach mutually acceptable objectives at a site management level.

Doncaster Council now delivers its services in line with the Corporate Plan and Local AreaAgreements, and as such, services are delivered at a neighbourhood level, providing opportunities for participation in active management, conservation, and events at a local level. For example, the Don Gorge Management Plan and aspects of the Biodiversity Action Plan are being delivered by the Council’s Neighbourhood Services and contribute toward the delivery of some actions within the Geodiversity Plan.

This Action Plan and the associated Geodiversity Assessment of Doncaster provide us with a comprehensive representation of the Borough’s geodiversity, the issues affecting it, and the proposals to deal with these issues. This plan contains a series of targets contributing toward the monitoring, enhancement, practical conservation, and awareness-raising of geological heritage to increase appreciation. Bear in mind the targets within the plan are not exclusive or exhaustive, but will deliver significant benefits and contribute toward changing how partners deal with their daily activities. A comprehensive list of objectives and targets can be found at the back of this document.

1 Key action: Improve the quality of people’s local environment by providing cleaner and greener public spaces2 Key Action: Deliver an urban and rural renaissance by enhancing the social, economic, cultural, recreational and tourism as sets of the Borough for the benefit of residents and visitors

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Geodiversity Challenge

The National ResponseBecause of the fundamental link between geodiversity and biodiversity, there is a need to start with the history of biodiversity. Biodiversity became a priority on the global agenda at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Over 150 countries, including the UK, signed the ‘Convention on Biological Diversity’, the first legal framework providing a worldwide vision on the protection of biodiversity. Since theUK government published ‘Meeting the Rio Challenge’ in 1995, most local authorities or regions in the UK have prepared and implemented Local Biodiversity Action Plans (LBAPs) for their areas, and biodiversity is now accepted as an essential element in sustainable development planning and management strategies.

Until relatively recently the parallel concept of geodiversity had attracted little interest, despite its fundamental importance in underpinning biodiversity by providing the substrate.

Geological and geomorphology features, other than those already afforded some measure of protection such as SSSIs, are often seen as sufficiently robust not to require active management or action planning. All geological features are potentially vulnerable. In addition to threats posed by inappropriate site development, the infilling of quarries, the encroachment of vegetation, and natural weathering, general deterioration with time may threaten to damage or obliterate important geological features. Historically, wildlife or archaeological sites of comparable scientific or educational value have been protected by legislation and local policy.

The introduction of ‘Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity and Geological Conservation’ fills this geological protection void and is discussed later in this document.

The Regional Response Doncaster Borough is part of the Yorkshire and Humber region, covering around 15,400km2. There is an effective regional biodiversity forum, but the development of a Regional Geodiversity Forum is still in its infancy. Meetings have however, taken place (funded through Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund), between Natural England, local geology partnerships, geology trusts and RIGS3 groups, with a view to developing a regional partnership.

Within South Yorkshire, Doncaster has pioneered the development of a local geodiversity partnership, with the subsequent development of this document - our Local Geodiversity Action Plan. The Partnership also supports the development of a regional partnership so we can be part of a forum with the capacity to influence future strategy and policy, and highlight the importance of geodiversity.

3 Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites

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The Legal Framework The introduction of ‘Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity and Geological Conservation’ and the accompanying ODPM circular 06/2005 ‘Biodiversity and Geological conservation: Statutory obligations and their impact within the planning system’, elevated the importance of geodiversity in both England and Wales. In PPS9 the Government’s objectives include:• To promote sustainable development by ensuring that biological and geological diversity are conserved and enhanced as an integral part of social, environmental and economic development, so that policies and decisions about the development and use of land integrate biodiversity and geological diversity with other considerations. • To conserve, enhance and restore the diversity of England’s wildlife and geology by sustaining, and where possible, improving the quality and extent of natural habitat and geological and geomorphological sites; the natural physical processes on which they depend; and the populations of naturally occurring species which they support.

SSSIs are notified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981/1985. Doncaster has 4 designated geological SSSIs and Section 78 of The Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CROW) 2000 deals with duties in relation to Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 emphasises the importance of geology, nationally and regionally, and it places a duty of care on Natural England to protect geology at a regional level. The concept of geodiversity protection is still however, some way behind biodiversity in both development and status.

The Planning FrameworkAs a direct result of the introduction of ‘Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) Biodiversity and Geological Conservation’ the planning legislation framework has been strengthened.

The key principles of PPS9 include:• Development plan policies and planning decisions should be based upon up-to-date information about the environmental characteristics of their areas • Plan policies should aim to maintain and enhance, restore or add, to biodiversity and geological conservation interests • Plan policies should take a strategic approach to the conservation, enhancement and restoration of biodiversity and geology• Plan policies should promote opportunities for the incorporation of beneficial biodiversity and geological features • The aim of planning decisions should be to prevent harm to biodiversity and geological conservation interests. Where granting planning permission would result in significant harm to those interests, local planning authorities will need to be satisfied that the development cannot be reasonably located on any alternative sites that would result in less or no harm

Doncaster’s emerging Local Development Framework (LDF) will replace the existing Unitary Development Plan (UDP) as the new scheme for shaping future land use in Doncaster. The Doncaster Geodiversity Action Plan and the Geodiversity Assessment will form part of the evidence base for the LDF, providing baseline information on important geology sites, aims, priorities and targets that can be applied in all aspects of the planning process.

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Geological Recording In Doncaster

A Brief HistoryThe Geological Ordnance Survey was established in 1835, but it was not until the establishment of The Geological Survey Act of 1845 that the comprehensive geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland commenced. The work was seen to be economically important as it would influence mining, agriculture, rail, road and canal construction. The British Geological Survey as we know it today was so-named in 1984.

The history of geological recording in and around Doncaster dates back to 1837, with the formation of the Yorkshire Geological Society. The Doncaster Scientific Society (now Naturalists Society) founded in 1880 and the Yorkshire Naturalists Union (founded in 1875) have also published works on the geology of Doncaster, but they predominantly deal with biological recording.

Over the years Doncaster Museum has also collected and collated geology records and literature from a variety of sources, including those named above. The museum provides information on a routine basis for the purposes of planning control, monitoring, research, and conservation.

Baseline DataIn 1997 Doncaster Council commissioned the South Yorkshire RIGS Group to survey over 200 important geological sites in the context of the then English Nature’s RIGS initiative, and the Council’s designation of locally important nature conservation sites known as sites of scientific interest (SSIs). The SY RIGS report finally identified 27 sites representing the best sites in Doncaster in terms of quality of exposure, public access, and potential for education. English Nature (now Natural England) agreed to the adoption of the 27 sites as RIGS and Doncaster Council approved their designation as SSIs in August 1999, protected through the Unitary Development Plan.

Doncaster Council is now progressing the Local Development Framework (LDF), and an important aspect of this is a requirement for a credible evidence base. The British Geological Survey (BGS) were contracted in January 2007 to undertake a Geodiversity Assessment of the Borough, which comprised a desk top geological summary and field re-survey of existing Doncaster RIGS, plus a survey of 5 additional sites. The assessment was carried out using the UKRIGS Field Record and Site Assessment form, complete with site maps and photographs. This can be viewed online at www.doncaster.gov.uk.

The Geodiversity Of Doncaster Borough

Natural Areas and Landscape CharacterThere is a fundamental relationship between the bedrock geology and the topography and landscape of the Doncaster area. Natural England has subdivided England into areas, each with a unique identity resulting from the interaction of wildlife, landforms, geology, land use and human impact. Doncaster is covered by parts of three (Natural England) Natural Areas, which closely match the bedrock geology: 1. East Pennines Coal Measures2. Southern Magnesian Limestone 3. Humberhead Levels

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The Coal Measures Natural Area, in the west of the Borough, coincides with distinctive scarp and dip slope topography resulting from the folding of the Carboniferous rocks, the differential erosion of the sandstones and intervening shales, and the drainage patterns of the rivers Don and Dearne.

The Southern Magnesian Limestone Natural Area coincides with the Permian rocks that occupy the west-central part of the region. It is generally characterised by well-drained rolling countryside, with minor landforms controlled by local faulting and folding, and a western boundary sharply defi ned by the very distinctive limestone escarpment.

The Humberhead Levels Natural Area coincides with the Triassic rocks and unconsolidated Quaternary sediments that are found in the central and eastern part of the region. East of a line that runs approximately from Arksey to Tickhill, the Sherwood Sandstone that comprises the Doncaster and Rossington Ridges passes into the relatively fl at lowland areas of eastern Doncaster, where the solid bedrock is covered by a signifi cant thickness of sand and gravel, silt, clay and peat.

Figure 1 • Doncaster’s Designated Natural Areas

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Local Geodiversity Bedrock (Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic)The oldest rocks found at the surface in Doncaster belong to the Pennine Middle Coal Measures Group of the Carboniferous System found in the west of the Borough. By the beginning of the Carboniferous Period, roughly 360 million years ago, the area destined to become South Yorkshire was part of a continent known as Laurasia and had moved to a position near the Equator. At this time, much of what is today northern England began to be progressively submerged beneath a wide, shallow tropical sea, in the clear, warm waters in which beds of limestone accumulated. The nearest outcrops of Carboniferous Limestone are in the White Peak (Derbyshire). Periodic influxes of sand and mud deposited by deltas building from a landmass to the north or northeast, periodically established swamp or delta-top environments, occasionally with the development of lush tropical forests. The evidence for these conditions is preserved today as the layers of sandstone and mudstone4 of the Carboniferous rocks. As Carboniferous times progressed, tropical forest cover became much more frequent, the remains of which are preserved today as the coal seams of the Coal Measures.

Towards the end of Carboniferous times, about 290 million years ago, the part of the Earth’s crust on which the Carboniferous sediments had been deposited continued to drift northwards. Earth movements associated with the formation of the super-continent, Pangaea, once more created mountains across what became northern England. By about 280 million years ago, during the early Permian Period, Northern Europe was one of the world’s great deserts, and the area that is today the Pennines probably consisted of mountains, with valleys choked with rock debris broken from these rapidly eroding barren uplands. Up to 500 metres of Carboniferous rocks were eroded by this desert erosion, forming huge wind-blown sand dunes that covered much of a comparatively low gently rolling plain that sloped gently eastwards into the subsiding North Sea Basin. These are the ‘Yellow Sands Formation’ that is very occasionally seen at the base of the limestone escarpment in the western part of Doncaster 5 today.

The advancing waters of the Zechstein Sea soon covered this Permian desert. This occupied an area within a subsiding basin, flanked by uplands to the south and west which included that of the modern North Sea and stretched into Eastern Europe. Sediments deposited in the Zechstein Sea record five major and numerous minor cycles of sea level change, with periods of high salinity, in part due to periods of evaporation of substantial parts of the sea, resulting in the deposition of repeated sequences of varying sediments. The earliest Zechstein sediments in Doncaster, associated with the first phase of inundation by the sea, comprise a muddy dolostone (formerly termed limestone or dolomitic limestone) sequence (formerly called the Lower Permian Marl, but now included as the lower part of the Cadeby Formation), which was deposited at the south-western edge of the North Sea Basin in a large river estuary or a lagoon. With the sea level continuing to rise, a succession of dolostones was deposited which, from the common occurrence of the magnesium carbonate mineral Dolomite, is known as the Cadeby Formation. Fossilized reefs are a significant feature of the Cadeby Formation.

The next major change was the Zechstein Sea receding and the land reverting to a low lying, wide coastal plain containing transient lagoons and playa lakes into which sediments derived from an arid area to the west and south were deposited. The Edlington Formation comprises calcareous mudstones, with occasional layers of Gypsum that indicates the periodic inundation and evaporation of an increasingly saline Zechstein Sea.

4 Penine Middle Coal Measures Mudstone and Sandstone5 Can be seen at RIGS sites D15 and D4

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Another substantial rise in sea level during the middle of the late Permian Period saw the land once again submerged, with a return to shallow shelf conditions and the deposition of the dolomitic limestone of the Brotherton Formation near to the ancient seashore. Once again, the Zechstein Sea level dropped, with a return to a palaeoenvironment dominated by lagoons and playa lakes, where layers of anhydrite6 and rock salt were formed; especially to the north and east of the region and extending into north-east England, where thick deposits were laid down in the centre of the still-subsiding basin. At the end of the Permian, 250 million years ago, when the Roxby Formation was formed, the Zechstein Sea fi nally dried up and the region remained arid. The area was then covered in thick spreads of sandy fl uvial deposits, commonly with pebbles, laid down as fl ash fl oods, derived from the erosion of upland areas to the south.

Although in England there are no obvious boundaries visible in the rocks, the deposition of the Sherwood Sandstone Group (formerly Bunter and Lower Mottled Sandstones) broadly marks the transition from the Permian to the Triassic Period, which ended 205 million years ago. The Sherwood Sandstone Group occurs very near the surface to the east of the A1, where landforms such as the Rossington and Doncaster ridges provide the largest outcrops. Except for these small areas, Quaternary sediments overlie the Sherwood Sandstones; they are however, frequently exposed in sand and gravel pits associated with the east and south east of the Borough.

Figure 2 • Doncaster’s Bedrock Geology by Group

6 Anhydrous calcium sulphate (CaSO4)

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Quaternary (Neogene)At the start of the Quaternary, which commenced approximately 2.5 million years ago and is commonly referred to as the ‘Ice Age’, an episode of global cooling caused polar ice sheets to extend southwards to cover much of Great Britain and Northern Europe. During the Quaternary the climate oscillated between colder (glacial) and warmer (interglacial) stages and the resultant freeze-thaw modified this pre-existing landscape. Though later Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments may have been deposited over the area, they have subsequently been removed by erosion during the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic era.

In Doncaster, Quaternary deposits cover 60 per cent of the land, generally being most extensive and thickest in the low-lying areas. The most recent glacial interval, the Devensian, which ended around 11,500 years ago (10,000 radio carbon years), marking the beginning of the Holocene (Flandrian or recent period), and deposits reflect erosion and deposition in a varied succession of environments during much milder climatic conditions. Fluvial deposits occur in almost all valleys or river courses and are still forming. These include a wide range of deposits including clays, silts, sands and gravels. Peat deposits also developed during the Holocene after the glaciers retreated and occur both in local topographic lows in the deglaciated landscape (Thorne and Hatfield Moors), and as extensive expanses of blanket bog over areas of slightly higher ground.

Within Doncaster there are deposits attributed to the last three British Quaternary stages (the Ipswichian, Devensian and Flandrian), and also to an older, pre-Ipswichian, glacial stage. Consequently, the long, early part of the Quaternary appears to represent a continuation of the erosion that had persisted during Tertiary times. The oldest deposits, of pre-Ipswichian glacial origin, indicate the existence of a thick cover of ice derived from the north and northwest, beneath which deep subglacial incision and deposition took place; fluvioglacial melt water deposits entered the district from the south and west during deglaciation. Fluvial incision also occurred just prior to the temperate Ipswichian Stage.

The form of the present day physical landscape derives from the effects of this prolonged period of ice cover and its subsequent melting, which has also influenced settlement patterns and agriculture. Historically, man has also diverted some of the rivers during high tides to produce extensive spreads of artificially induced alluvium, or warp to raise and fertilise the land. Cornelius Vermuyden, a noteworthy Dutch engineer, significantly altered the landscape around Thorne by draining parts of Hatfield Chase and creating areas of warp land for farming.

The interpretation of the Quaternary deposits provides a wealth of information on the environments of the recent geological past. Information from glacial landforms and the nature and morphology of glacial deposits is essential to the understanding of these climatic conditions and may provide valuable insights into likely future environmental changes related to global warming.

Some time later, the rivers Don and Idle deposited extensive spreads of river terrace deposits (Older River Gravel on some maps). In the cold Devensian stage (about 120,000 years ago) the sea level fell again to more than 20 metres below ordnance datum, and the landscape consisted of rivers crossing incised wide valleys, flowing eastwards toward the Humber Gap. Periglacial conditions, indicated mainly by cryoturbation structures and ventifacts, prevailed during at least part of this Devensian phase.

About 18,000 years ago, a glacial blockage of the Humber Gap impounded a large lake (Lake Humber) across much of the district and adjacent areas. The lake rose initially to about 30m above OD, sand and gravel being deposited around its margins. During this high-level lacustrine phase a tongue of ice surged southwards down the Vale of York and into northern and eastern parts of the district, depositing sand and gravel into the lake. The ice soon melted, the lake level fell, and Lake Humber finally disappeared, apparently by filling up with sediments. Rivers then deposited

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sandy levees as they cut courses across the emergent lacustrine plain. In the last millennium of the Devensian, blown sand accumulated in places, and some ventifacts and cryoturbation structures at the top of the Devensian glacial and lacustrine deposits may have formed at this time.

Figure 3 • Doncaster’s Superfi cial Deposits

Finally, at the beginning of the Flandrian, breaching of the glacial deposits in the Humber Gap allowed the rivers crossing the district to cut their courses down almost to 20m below OD. As the sea rose to its present level later in the Flandrian, alluvium eventually fi lled these incised courses and spread thinly but widely, covering the peat that had developed in the prevailing wetter climate and more waterlogged conditions.

The Geodiversity Assessment of Doncaster is available to view on line at www.doncaster.gov.uk. It goes into detail on the systems, formations and rocks, and where accessible, the associated RIGS locations in Doncaster.

Doncaster’s Broad Geodiversity AreasThe broad geology areas defi ned in fi gure 4 have evolved from a combination of the existing surface geology as identifi ed by the British Geological Survey, Natural England’s Natural Areas, and the broad biodiversity areas in the Doncaster Local Biodiversity Action Plan.There are 6 identifi ed Areas7:• The Coal Measures areas (to the west)• The Magnesian Limestone Belt• The Sandy Silts, and Clay Area• Alluvium (with clay, sand and gravel)• Peat• Sands and Gravels

7 Doncaster Local Biodiversity Action Plan: Introduction and Overview 2007

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Please bear in mind these are only indicative areas and they contain some complex superfi cial geology, but the underlying benefi t is that of the interconnectivity of the Geodiversity Plan with the Biodiversity plan.

Figure 4 • Doncaster’s Broad Geodiversity Areas

Designated SitesSites of Special Scientifi c Interest (SSSIs)Sites of Special Scientifi c Interest (SSSIs) represent Britain’s fi nest sites for geology, physiographical features, and fl ora and fauna, and are protected by legislation. Doncaster has 4 geological SSSIs, designated by Natural England, because they are considered to be the fi nest examples of their geological features.

Doncaster’s Geological SSSIs• Ashfi eld Brick Pit• Bilham Sand Pit• Cadeby Quarry• New Edlington Brick Pit

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Sites of Scientifi c Interest (SSIs) and Regionally Important Geological (and Geomorphological) Sites (RIGS) Non-statutory sites, known in Doncaster as Sites of Scientifi c Interest, are locally or regionally important sites designated through the planning process. In accordance with the Defra Local Sites Guidance, Doncaster’s geological SSIs will become known as Local Geological Sites. Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites (RIGS) were established in 1990 by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) and continue to be actively supported by the UK statutory conservation agencies. RIGS are important sites that underpin and complement the SSSI coverage.

RIGS are selected on a local or regional basis according to the following nationally agreed criteria:• The value of a site for educational purposes in life-long learning• The value of a site for study by both amateur and professional Earth scientists• The historical value of a site from an Earth science perspective• The aesthetic value of a site from an Earth science perspective RIGS do not have formal statutory protection in the same way as SSSIs, but protection is encouraged through the planning process. Doncaster’s RIGS were selected by the voluntary local RIGS group in 1997, and designated as SSIs in the 1998 Unitary Development Plan. The RIGS (listed below) were re-surveyed in 2007 by BGS, using the UKRIGS Field Record and Site Assessment form. A qualifi ed geologist and member of the local UKRIGS group was sub-contracted by BGS to carry out the fi eld surveys. Additional sites were also surveyed with recommendations.

Figure 5 • Geological SSSIs and Local Geological Sites in Doncaster

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Doncaster’s SSIs and RIGS as surveyed in 1997 • D101 Dunsville Quarry • D51 Hexthorpe Flatts • D6 Denaby Lane • D302 Conisbrough Caves South• D166 Doncaster Road • D61 New Edlington Brick Pit• D11 Hazel Lane Quarry • D31 Leys Hill Bridge• D4 Watchley Crags • D44 Cedar Rd. Adventure Play Ground • D15 Melton Park • D120 Common Lane Quarry • D5 Hooton Pagnell Village Pound • D190 Blaxton Common• D20/21/22 Cadeby Cliff - Constitution Hill • D109 Hurst Plantation Quarry• D112 Parknook Quarry • D177 Wath Road Railway Cutting• D28 Pot Riding Wood Railway Cutting • D301 Conisbrough Caves West• D94 Warmsworth Quarry • D303 Levitt Hagg Hole• D78 Warmsworth Park • D87 Brodsworth Quarry• D300 Conisbrough Caves East • D99 Skelbrooke Quarry• D13 North Cliff Quarry • D133 Hooton Pagnell

Further detail on the sites listed here (and the additional sites) can be viewed under the Audits section of this document. Also, the Doncaster Geodiversity Assessment, available to view at www.doncaster.gov.uk/geodiversity, contains full citations of all the sites.

Site D4 • Watchley Crags Showing junction between the Yellow Sands Formation and the Cadeby Formation.

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Geological HeritageFossilsA large number of boreholes have been drilled in our region; a comprehensive list can be found in Appendix 1 of the BGS memoir ‘The Geology of the Country around, Goole, Doncaster and the Isle of Axholme’. Importantly, these boreholes provide a snapshot into the distant past. Carboniferous FossilsEvidence of the oldest carboniferous rocks in the area has been obtained entirely from boreholes and colliery shafts, and even the deepest borehole has not reached the bottom of the carboniferous sequence in our area. The information gleaned from this process is therefore quite limited. The Moss borehole8 (between 850m and 1050m deep) contained abundant evidence of fish debris, mussels, Planolites (trace fossils resulting from the feeding process), Lingula (a brachiopod) and a variety of other early marine fossils from the marine bands of the Carboniferous. Coal mining had a significant effect on palaeontology and local miners frequently came home with fossilized plants and animals from the coal seams. The spores of fossil plants are used to correlate coal seams. As the Coal Measures are rich in plant and animal fossils, this can help reconstruct the environment in which they lived. Around Doncaster, during the time of the coal measures deposition, the landscape would have consisted of a network of tropical swamps, rivers and lakes.Permian FossilsEvidence of fossils from the Permian can be found mainly in both abandoned and working quarries. Shelly macrofossils are recorded from the limestones, while fossil phytoplankton (acritarchs), gymnosperm pollen and spores are present in the marls. The Cadeby Formation (consisting of the Sprotborough and Wetherby Member) shows the presence of well preserved fossilized reefs formed in shallow water near an ancient shoreline; they are composed of bryozoans, algae, bivalves and brachiopods. Restricted fossil assemblages, consisting of plant and fish debris and Foraminifera (common microscopic fossils), can also be found. The Wetherby Member consists of unbroken shells and fragments of Lamellibranchs (a bivalve mollusc) and some gastropods. The Sprotborough Subdivision contains largely no fossils. Within the Brotherton Formation fossils are rare and concentrated in certain beds and again contain algae, bivalves, and some gastropods tolerant of saline conditions. Triassic FossilsThe Sherwood Sandstones of the Triassic contain no fossil deposits. Quaternary Fossil deposits within the Older River Gravel found locally near Austerfield and Armthorpe have provided good evidence of the palaeoenvironment. Wood fragments, fruits, pollen and seeds indicate oak, pine, hazel, birch and alder in a temperate environment. Other non-tree pollens suggest freshwater and saltmarsh habitats, with dinoflagellates (marine plankton) and foraminifera, also implying an estuarine tidal reach.

At this point we cannot discount the importance of geo-archaeology9 in the Don Gorge and its associated fissures, caves and tunnels. This area is part of the outstanding culturally significant Limestone landscape and the quaternary deposits (including overburden) can provide evidence of the last Ice Age. Stone Age men, woolly mammoths and sabre-toothed tigers tell a fine tale!

8 Drilled in 1979 by Foraky Ltd for the NCB9 The integration of geological and archaeological conservation and management techniques for quaternary sediments (including overburden)

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HistoryIn and around Doncaster, minerals have been extracted and exploited for over a thousand years. St Peter’s church10 in Conisbrough, Anglo-Saxon in origin, is reputed to be the oldest stone building in South Yorkshire, and the Roman Potteries Scheduled Ancient Monument north east of Rossington Bridge confirms that clay was extracted and manufactured into pots locally. The Danum Fort unearthed near St George’s Minster, Doncaster, is evidence that the Romans also quarried Magnesian Limestone locally.

Abandoned Quarries Abandoned quarries are a very distinct part of the present-day landscape and also form part of the archaeological record. Figure 10 in the Doncaster Geodiversity Assessment is a spatial representation of the BGS Mines and Quarries database 2007 and identifies over 154 ceased and inactive sites in Doncaster. Disused quarries make a significant contribution to the geodiversity of our area and provide some of the unique opportunities to view rock units which otherwise would not be seen. There are numerous old quarries identified as Local Geological Sites in Doncaster, and North Cliff Quarry, Warmsworth Park, and Hexthorpe Flatts are a few which are publicly accessible. Watchley Crags is a former quarrying location in private ownership and is an excellent site for its rarity value, lithological variety, historic, industrial and archaeological interest. The detail of the junction between the Yellow Sands Formation and the limestone (dolostone) of the Cadeby Formation is clearly visible at Watchley Crags.Abandoned quarry floors and faces offer excellent opportunities to enhance biodiversity by the establishment of rare and specialist plant communities including lichens and lower plants. The nationally rare Tortula cernua (flamingo moss), a red data book species protected under Section 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, grows on lime waste associated with quarrying and has a stronghold in the Sprotbrough Gorge SSSI. In Doncaster, limestone spoil has also replaced the soft sandstone normally used by sand martins as their preferred nesting location. The importance of abandoned quarries cannot be underestimated and we must ensure that reclamation schemes take account of both geodiversity and biodiversity, and make sure important geological features are not destroyed.

Limestone QuarryingExploitation and development of limestone quarries locally escalated during the 18th Century. Local landowners exploiting their estates developed quarries, and John Battie of Warmsworth Hall started his venture in the 1750s. He owned the Limestone Gorge by the side of the River Don. The largest area of quarrying took place at ‘Conisbrough Cliffs’, an area near the viaduct. It consisted of Near Cliff, which was worked out by 1791, and Far Cliff, which included the Levitt Hagg11, an industrial quarrying hamlet now resigned to the history books. William Pierson has researched the history of Levitt Hagg (a Local Geological Site) and found the first reference to the site was 1629. The John Battie venture began in earnest around 1755 and in the first year 878 chaldrons of stone was quarried. A chaldron is about 2m3 and weighs about 2 tonnes. By the 18th Century the site was producing 13,000 tonnes of lime and 22,000 tonnes of stone, with very little mechanical aid. Quarry workers earned more than farm labourers and the work was continuous, resulting in a local population increase. Men, women and children worked the quarries and lived in the houses nearby. The quarry was worked into the early 20th Century, but by the 1950s Levitt Hagg was left deserted and derelict, due to the decline in the need for lime and building stone.

10 Earliest parts of the church date from the 8th Century AD11 Levitt Hagg – A Deserted Quarrying Hamlet: William Pierson

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Coal Industry12, 13 and Spoil HeapsAround 1700 poor quality coal was found near the surface, just over the River Don near Mexborough. By 1851 South Yorkshire had produced over 3 million tons of coal and employed just over 11,000 people, and by 1924 over 122,000 people had produced just under 31 milion tons of coal.In 1863 two shafts were sunk and Denaby Main Colliery was born, The Barnsley coal seam was reached in 1867 and the pit produced coal for 101 years until it finally closed in 1968. Cadeby Main Colliery soon followed in 1869. Bentley Colliery was sunk in 1905, as was Brodsworth Colliery, which resulted in the swelling of the population around Adwick-Le-Street from 294 in 1901 to over 12,000 by 1921. Bullcroft Colliery and Yorkshire Main were established in 1909, followed by Hatfield and Askern in 1911; the Askern miners reached their coal seam in a record 9 months. Work also began on Thorne Colliery in 1909, but took 17 years to complete, owing to problems of water seepage and disruption due to the First World War. Rossington and Markham Main were the final pits to be sunk in the Doncaster area, in 1915 and 16 respectively. At the height of production 11 Doncaster pits employed thousands of people, significantly increasing the population as people came from Wales, Scotland and the North East of England in search of work in this highly productive coalfield. Maltby Colliery is one of the 9 remaining collieries in the UK. Although the pit-head is in Rotherham, part of the pit’s ‘take’ is in the Doncaster Borough, and they are currently exploiting the Parkgate Seam, working in the area of Stainton and Rotherham, towards the A1. The demise of the coal industry came about following the 1984-1985 miners strike. The last colliery in the area, Rossington, ceased operation in March 2006; Hatfield colliery is however, currently being prepared for production and will again soon be producing coal.

Spoil heaps are a significant and lasting legacy of our coal industry. Figure 9 in the Geodiversity Assessment of Doncaster shows a Hill-shade Digital surface Model in which the spoil heaps can be clearly identified. Apart from Toll Bar and Bullcroft tips, all of the spoil heaps in Doncaster have been reclaimed as areas for housing, business opportunities and public open space including community woodlands. A point of note is that these spoil heaps typically contain waste material discarded as part of the extraction process. It is therefore inevitable that these sites contain evidence from the underground mines. As the mines are not available for study, the spoil heaps will contain a unique source of evidence of the material worked and penetrated.

Building Stone and our Built HeritageStone forms an integral part of the landscape; it also reveals the intrinsic link between the natural and built environment. In terms of the built heritage, nearly all the buildings constructed from stone are of local stone. On the Magnesian Limestone belt there are the several designated conservation areas; Stainton, Conisbrough, Marr and Brodsworth, as well as other settlements such as Pickburn and Hampole; all embrace buildings constructed of limestone. 18th Century rubble limestone buildings for example, characterise Hampole, whilst Pickburn is typified by ashlar14 dwellings, as it was once part of the Brodsworth estate. The elegant Brodsworth and Cusworth Halls are constructed of faced locally distinct limestone, and indeed Brodsworth Hall has an educational leaflet citing the links between the building of the Hall and local quarrying.The villages of Hooton Pagnell, Hickleton and Barnburgh are located on the cusp of the Limestone and the Coal Measures. Barnburgh, for example, has structures made from a variety of materials such as rubble limestone walls, rubble sandstone buildings, dressed sandstone buildings, and a 14th to 15th Century church of ashlar limestone construction. Although on the cusp of two geological areas, the structures in Hickleton are predominantly limestone, but conversely, in Adwick-on-Dearne all the listed buildings are of deeply coursed dressed sandstone.

To the east of Doncaster, where the geology is clay, sand and silt, sands and gravel, alluvium and peat, the listed buildings are predominantly made of Brick - the exceptions being the magnificent

12 Further information on local mining visit http://www.freewebs.com/yorkshiremain/links.htm13 Alan Hill: The South Yorkshire Coalfield – A History and Development 2001 14 Dressed rectangular block of building stone

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limestone churches such as the ones found in Fishlake and Kirk Bramwith, which highlight the historic status and importance of churches and the lengths people will go to transport heavy material longer distances with minimal mechanical aid. Bricks would have been produced locally, and Doncaster has a number of brick pits (such as at Rossington) designated predominantly for biodiversity reasons. Edlington Brick Pond is however, important for geodiversity, although when re-surveyed this year, the gypsum deposits were obscured by the water level. It is important to keep a clear record of our local heritage, and one of the objectives of the LGAP will be to identify locations of locally important quarries, which can provide the material for restoration purposes. English Heritage has recently contracted BGS to develop a database of quarries important for old building stone. The contract commenced in October 2007, but is not scheduled to reach Yorkshire until about 2009.

Sand and Gravel ExtractionSand and gravel extraction has been synonymous with Doncaster since its expansion as a result of the coal-mining boom. D44 Cedar Road and D61 New Edlington Brick Pit are Local Geodiversity Sites that have resulted from sand extraction, used to build homes in the local area. There are 13 current applications for sand and gravel sites in Doncaster, which in 2005, produced approximately half a million tons of sand and gravel, used for a variety of purposes such as concrete, roadbuilding and other building materials. Restored sand and gravel sites such as at Blaxton Common have become some of the most valuable habitats supporting an array of locally important wildlife species.

Current Mineral ExtractionGeological resources are intrinsic to our everyday lives and provide the raw materials for buildings, industry, infrastructure, medicines, cosmetics, fuel and water. The minerals around us provide us with our homes, shops, hospitals, offi ces and schools and contribute to the regional economy by providing around 2,600 jobs. The varied minerals found and worked in Doncaster are an important part of the geodiversity and contribute signifi cantly to the landscape character of the area. Mineral working will continue to have an impact on the Borough, as there are signifi cant resources and reserves of Magnesian Limestone, and Sand and Gravel. Hatfi eld Colliery, after being mothballed for some time, is also currently being prepared for future coal extraction.

Tarmac Quarry at Stainton

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Developing The LGAP Primary AimsThe primary aims of the Geodiversity Action Plan, as identified by the Partnership, are summarised in the mission statement below:

Mission Statement “The Doncaster Geodiversity Partnership, through the delivery of an Action Plan, will positively contribute toward the recording, interpretation, conservation, restoration, enhancement, and the sustainable management of Doncaster’s geological heritage for the benefit of all.”

ObjectivesTo develop and deliver Doncaster’s first Geodiversity Action Plan

To audit our locally important geological sites and develop and maintain a comprehensive data resource• Identify and evaluate the main geological features in Doncaster• Make the information available on the DMBC website• Store the information in the RIGS Geoconservation Database

To protect and enhance geodiversity through appropriate designation of locally, regionally and nationally important sites through informing and contributing toward the designation process

To ensure that geodiversity is identified, and integrated into all Plans, Policies and Local Strategies• Embed geodiversity into future planning policy• To help businesses, developers and agents address geodiversity issues and considerations in planning applications• To comment on geodiversity issues relating to mineral extraction• Inform elected members about the importance of Geoconservation and associated issues

In association with Partners, influence the management of existing geodiversity sites and identify opportunities for the creation and designation of new geodiversity sites• Engage local industry• Identifying issues threatening geologically important sites• Identifying opportunities that can enhance geological features• Assist interested groups in how geodiversity can contribute toward improving their environment• Identifying both threats and opportunities toward the enhancement of geological features• Contribute toward the development of ‘Company Geodiversity Action Plans’ (cGAPS)• Identify and use locally important quarries

To increase public awareness and increase appreciation of our geological heritage in association with our biological heritage• Engage communities and local voluntary groups• Include ongoing minerals excavation• Provide a Geodiversity Assessment and easy to read guide for the Borough

In association with Partners, contribute toward formal education at all key stage levels, including life long learning

Encourage practical conservation opportunities

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Secure the sustainability and continuity of the Geodiversity Partnership through commitment from the Local Authority and Associated Partners• Develop and recommend strategies for continued monitoring and review• Identify and obtain funding to ensure project continuity

Partnership’s ApproachThe Partnership’s objectives reinforcing Doncaster’s Geodiversity Action Plan have been integrated into the LGAP planning process and are rooted in the identification of conservation targets and the implementation of those targets.

Conservation TargetsThe conservation targets at the end of this document are a combination of national, regional and local priorities and objectives, which will be reviewed on a regular basis. Every effort has been made by the Partnership to develop SMART targets (those which are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time limited) to assist the implementation, monitoring and coordination of the plan. The LGAP and the identified targets will run until 2018, with an annual review.

ImplementationThe successful implementation of the Geodiversity Plan requires commitment from all Partners. Partners have been consulted on proposed objectives, targets and actions, and the partners best placed to deliver a particular aspect of the plan have been identified. The delivery of the LGAP is a Partnership undertaking and partners will not be held responsible if the targets are not met. It is also vitally important to develop relationships and agreements with companies and stakeholders (such as developing company geodiversity action plans) and ‘funding providers’ to help deliver targets. Please note that desired timeframes for proposed targets might be limited due to the tenuous situation relating to funding provision.

The targets within the plan are also in no way intended to be exclusive or exhaustive, and interested groups or individuals are encouraged to get in touch if they have ideas for other actions.

Monitoring and ReportingThe targets within the Geodiversity Plan complement and reflect the Biodiversity Action Plan, as both documents are intrinsically linked. The Geodiversity Partnership will meet 3 times a year; an annual progress meeting will take place to review the progress of the plan, and to adopt and account for the development of new policies.

It is also essential that we do not take for granted that we already have all the information we need, as new Local Geological Sites or SSSIs may develop as a result of the on-going activity in the area. Local Partners, Companies and even individuals should be encouraged to share information, which can be stored at Doncaster Museum’s Biological Records Centre. Moreover, both geological and biological records can be mapped on a Geographical Information System (GIS) showing distributions of important sites and any significant changes over time.

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The LGAP FormatDoncaster’s Geodiversity Plan consists of this document and the associated Geodiversity Assessment of Doncaster. Together, they provide a comprehensive insight into Doncaster’s geologically important sites and its geodiversity. Further development of the LGAP will result in a series of easy to read area-based guides to the geodiversity areas. These will be developed specifically to increase public awareness of geodiversity, and importantly, will also reflect Doncaster’s broad biodiversity areas. The LGAP has been deliberately developed in such a way as to link into and complement the Biodiversity Action Plan for the Borough; with respect to this, the LGAP and the LBAP can be used by local interest groups, businesses, and the local authority, for planning, conservation, and education purposes.

The AuditsDoncaster’s LGAP has emerged as a result of the Geodiversity Assessment of the Borough carried out in 2007. In early 2008 a further 10 sites were assessed by an independent geologist against the UKRIGS criteria. The table below contains information on the sites that were reviewed and includes recommendations for sites to be retained, rationalised and denotified.

Site Number 1 and Name

Current Status and Site Type

Geodiversity Value, and recommendation

Current Site Condition

Sites identified to Retain

D166Doncaster Road

RIG / SSI#Disused quarry

Moderately High Geodiversity Value: It is the best exposure of Mexborough Rock recorded in Doncaster borougRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Partially overgrown

D11Hazel Lane Quarry

RIGActive quarry

Moderate Geodiversity Value: Limited by planning permission and landfill. But still a good example of lithological variation in the Cadeby Formation Retain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Plenty of exposed faces but quarry is being progressively land-filled.Continue with LGS designation and monitor restoration with a view to retaining interesting exposures at the limit of the planning permission if possible

D4Watchley Crags

RIG / SSI* (6.8a,b,c)Disused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: A very good site, for the rarity value showing junction of Yellow Sands Formation and Cadeby Formation, lithological variety and historic/industrial archaeological interestsRetain as Local Geological site. Target note geological interest on biodiversity citation

The exposures furthest away from Watchley Lane are very good but the nearest are being increasingly littered

D15Melton Park

RIG / SSI#Disused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: A good range of geological processes can be demonstrated. Very high aesthetic / landscape valueRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

The limestone is in excellent condition. The Yellow Sands would benefit considerably from vegetation clearance

� RIG number (where defined)

Doncaster’s Local Geological Sites

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D133Hooton Pagnell

RIG / SSI* (6.8a, b, c)Disused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: A very good site, for the rarity value of cross bedded ooid limestones with high sand content, lithological variety and historic/industrial archaeological interestsRetain as Local Geological site. Target note geological interest on biodiversity citation

Vegetation and rubbish etc make access awkward but rock faces are largely free of vegetation and well exposed

D13North Cliff Quarry

RIG SSI* (5.8)Disused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: A very good site with variable lithology, excellent landscape value and proximity to several very notable historic buildingsRetain as Local Geological site. Target note geological interest on biodiversity citation

Requires extensive clearance to improve access to best exposures.

D5Hooton Pagnell Village Pound

RIG / SSI#Natural exposure

High Geodiversity Value: Outstanding example of the creation of an estate village using local building materials with a particularly good reef exposureRetain as Local Geological site.Allocate LGS number.

Very good, but some cutting back of vegetation around the reef exposure is required on a regular basis

D112Parknook Quarry

RIG / SSI* (6.18)Active quarry “Hand-worked quality building stone for restoration projects”

Moderate Geodiversity Value: Some interesting geological features but mainly valuable as a potential source of building stone.Retain as Local Geological site. Target note geological interest on biodiversity citation amend boundary to incorporate accurate geodiversity and biodiversity value

Commercial use of site and rock waste, rubbish and vegetation etc limit ease of access

D28Pot Ridings Wood Railway Cutting

RIG SSI* (6.57)Railway cutting

High Geodiversity Value: A very good insight into the importance of geology in determining the route of railway networksRetain as Local Geological site. Target note geological interest on biodiversity citation

Good exposures but access along the cutting was difficult at the time of the survey due to deep mud

D94Warmsworth Quarry

RIGActive quarry

High Geodiversity Value: Unusual occurrence of brecciated dolostoneRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Very good

D78Warmsworth Park

RIG / Open Space Policy AreaDisused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: A wide range of geological processes can be demonstrated, especially in conjunction with other nearby sitesRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Very good but needs to be cleaned regularly

D302Conisbrough Caves South

RIGCaves

High Geodiversity Value: Speleological research potential. Spring line associated with fault. Historic associationsRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Full of rubbish and damaged by fire. Well is maintained

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D51Hexthorpe Flatts ‘The Dell’

RIG / SSI #Disused quarry

Moderate Geodiversity value: A good introduction to Magnesian limestone in situ and various man-made features using stone. Landscape/rockery stone for ornamental garden featuresRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Very good. Only periodic removal of plant growth from rock faces required

D44Cedar Road Adventure Playground

RIG / SSI #Open Space Policy AreaDisused quarry

Moderate Geodiversity value: Good accessible introduction to a variety of lithologies and associations with quarrying and constructionRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number

Some clearance of faces and rubbish required. Boundary fences need attention due to undermining and erosion of gravels

D101Dunsville Quarry

RIG / SSI (9.36)Active quarry

Moderate Geodiversity value: A good site to demonstrate a wide variety of sedimentary processes. Retain as Local Geological Site and target note geological interest on bio-diversity citation.

Exposures noted in the 1997 survey are obliterated but there is potential for further exposure with good management

D102 Common Lane Quarry

RIG / SSI # Disused quarry

Moderate Geodiversity value: Remote location but one of few exposures of Sherwood Sandstone not under threat, with Glaciofluvial depositsRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS numberAlso boundary amendment from 97 survey

Good condition. Clean and clear quarry faces. Sand and gravel also well exposed.

D190–192Blaxton Common

RIG / SSI* (4.47a)Active Quarry (under restoration)

Moderate Geodiversity value: Links well with biodiversity interests, but lithologies not easily studied due to access difficultiesRetain as Local Geological Site and target note geological interest on bio-diversity citation. Allocate LGS number

Sandstone exposures clear and visible but Older River Gravels are increasingly becoming overgrown

D109Hurst Plantation Quarry

RIG / SSI* (4.32)Active quarry (under restoration)

Moderate Geodiversity value: Limited lithologies and interest, other than sedimentology but a good exposure of Anglian sand and gravelRetain as Local Geological Site and target note geological interest on biodiversity citation. Also boundary amendment to bring in line with biodiversity designation. Allocate LGS number

Plenty of exposure, but needs improvement of pathways and access to exposures if land is to be properly managed

Sites identified as proposed SSI / RIGS

DR3Cadeby Waste Water Works

(None)Disused quarry

High Geodiversity value: Very good, on strength of rarity of Dalton Rock and possible associations with unconformable Permian rocksDesignate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number

Clean, clear rock faces. Shrubs and vegetation to lower rock face

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DR6Barnburgh Cliff

(SSI* 6.37)Exposure

High Geodiversity value: A good site to show reef formation and associated beds, fissures and related deposits, an unconformity and geomorphologyDesignate as local geological site. Target note geology value on biodiversity citation

Very good. Plenty of good exposure

Sandrock House (None)Exposure in Private Garden

High Geodiversity value: Exposure of Sherwood sandstone at base of escarpment (with ice house / folly)Designate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number

Plenty of exposed rock, but areas covered by garden plants and natural vegetation

Engine Wood Lovers Leap

SSSIQuarry / Natural Exposure

High Geodiversity value: Natural exposure and former quarry showing Magnesian Limestone gorge with variety of lithologiesDesignate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number

Aesthetically pleasing area with fewer areas of exposed rock compared to Levitt Hagg and Conisbrough Viaduct

Lindholme Island (SSI* 9.40b)Natural Deposit

High Geodiversity value: Natural deposit of Devensian sand and gravel surrounded by low lying peat moorland Designate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number

Good variety of lithologies and exposures on a rare deposit safe from extraction

Grange Cottage Quarry (Hampole)

(SSI* 6.20)Disused Quarry / Lime works

High Geodiversity value: Small section of Hampole Beds, plus differential weathering of joints to form solution sink holes and wedge beddingDesignate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number. Target note geology value on biodiversity citation

Recently cleared of tyres the site is now more easily accessible. Further clearance could reveal more of the Hampole Beds.

Austerfield Quarry (SSI* 4.30)Working and disused sand and gravel site

High Geodiversity value: Potential to view a wide variety of processes seen in the Triassic, Quaternary and modern sediments linked to Austerfield Field Study CentreDesignate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number. Target note geology value on biodiversity citation

Needs managing for education

Sites identified for proposed Rationalisation and Retention

D301Conisbrough Caves West

RIGCaves

Limited Geodiversity Value:Entrances to both caves were not found and no geodiversity value could therefore be assignedTarget note these cave systems through D20-22 citation as this site is incorporated into the same boundary

D20 – D22Cadeby Cliff – Constitution Hill

RIG Part of SSI (5.7)Natural exposure

High Geodiversity Value: A very good geodiversity site with a variety of lithological, geomorphological and historical interestsRetain as Local Geological site. Allocate LGS number and target note caves from D301 citation

Several natural rock features well exposed. Old quarry requires clearance to facilitate access

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DR5Levitt Hagg Wood

(SSI* (2.13) and part SSSI)Disused quarry

Moderate Geodiversity Value: Possesses group value with other sites along the Don GorgeDesignate as local geological site. Allocate LGS number. Target note slip rift cave development (from D303) and amend boundary. Allocate LGS number

Overgrown but there are reasonable rock exposures to be seen

D303 Levitt Hagg Hole

RIG (SSI* (2.13) and part SSSI) Caves

Limited Geodiversity Value: The grid reference for the cave entrance appears to coincide with the restored Levitt Hagg Landfill Site and was not foundAmend boundary to include DR5 and Designate as local geological site.

Not found

D6Denaby Lane

RIG / SSI #Road cutting

High Geodiversity Value: As a site to be included in DR1 for geology and a wide variety of landforms and fluvial geomorphologyExpand D6 to incorporate boundary of DR1. Allocate LGS number

Much of the section is overgrown and would be improved by selective clearance

DR1Denaby Woods – Mexborough Oxbow Lake

(Undesignated)Geomorphology interest site

High Geodiversity Value: Faulting and folding, alluvial processes and geomorphologyDesignate as local geological sites and incorporate into D6

Areas of interest are in good condition but lie in and around areas that are rapidly developing

DR4Nearcliff Wood Quar-ries

(Part SSSI, Part RIG)Disused quarry

High Geodiversity Value: Extremely important in at least both a regional and national context for the use and exploitation of a natural resourceDesignate as local geological site and allocate LGS number – Incorporate D300 and include boundary amendment

Some rubbish, fires and other debris associated with redundant quarries but acceptable for scientific visits Includes boundary amendment

D300Conisbrough Caves East

RIG Caves

High Geodiversity Value:Caves are of specialist speleological interest but associated breccias, rifts and slump structures are very interesting Incorporate into DR4 above

Some of cave entrances have been covered by landfill

Sites identified for proposed de-notification

D177Wath Road Railway Cutting

(RIG) Railway cutting

No Geodiversity Value Completely in-filled

D87Brodsworth Quarry

(RIG, SSI#)Disused quarry

No Geodiversity Value Misidentified site

D99Skelbrooke Quarry

(RIG)Disused quarry

No Geodiversity Value Land-filled

D31 Leys Hill Bridge

(RIG, SSI#)Roadside Cutting

Limited Geodiversity Value: Except use as a marker for the position of the Edlington Formation(Reference Geology at LRC)

Largely overgrown and obscured by grass, hawthorns and osiers

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D61New Edlington Brick Pit

Disused pit Limited Geodiversity Value: Main value relates to rare occurrence of gypsum in a landscape dominated by human activity, waste tips and industryReference geology at LRC and target note gypsum on SSI (biological) citation

Gypsum and calcareous mudstone not visible at time of survey. Till has limited exposures that are susceptible to vegetation growth

Assessed Sites – not to be designated for geodiversity

DR2Harlington Railway Cutting

(None)Railway cutting

Limited Geodiversity Value: Very limited exposure of value to research and field mapping onlyReference the site on the LRC database

Most of the eastern end is embankment. Western end more rocky but heavily vegetated

Ash Holt SSI* (4.45) Limited Geodiversity Value: Site of limited geological value, and not worthy of designation

Active sand and gravel quarry in Aquifer with inaccessible exposures in water filled pits

Finningley School Sand Pit

SSI* (4.43) No Geodiversity Value School field and overgrown wildlife area with no geological interest

Finningley Gravel Pit SSI* (4.44) Limited Geodiversity Value: Active Sand and Gravel QuarryAny significant temporary exposures should be monitored, recorded and reported to LRC

Active sand and gravel quarry with plenty of temporary exposures

Leys Hill Quarry SSI* (part of 3.7a and 6.40)

Limited Geodiversity Value: Represents an example of the Brotherton formation as seen at Hexthorpe Flatts (The Dell)Reference the sites on the LRC database and target not geology on biological citations

Partially overgrown, but areas of extensive rock exposure

# Designated as SSI at the Development and Transport Board (2nd August 1999)* Designated SSI for biodiversity

LRC Local Records Centre

The Doncaster Geodiversity Assessment, available to view at www.doncaster.gov.uk/geodiversity contains full citations of the sites listed above.

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Doncaster’s SSSIsDoncaster’s SSSIs are designated by Natural England and were not assessed as part of the RIGS re-survey. The sites are regularly monitored by Natural England.

Name Description and Reason for Notification Condition

Ashfield Brick Pit (also known as Clifton Hill)

Notified on 27th March 1987The extraction of clay from this quarry on the southern edge of Conisbrough has exposed several geological strata, ranging from the highest Coal Measures in Yorkshire through Permian Marl to Magnesian Limestone. Partial filling has to some extent obscured the lower interface and it is the transition from Marl to Limestone that now constitutes its special interest. The section exposed at Ashfield Brick Pits shows Magnesian Limestone overlying Permian Marl and basal sands. An abundant fauna has been obtained from the Wetherby Member. This lithostratigraphic unit displays a wide variety of facies, from grey marls and clays to shelly ooid grainstones. The site includes a fossiliferous bryozoan patch reef, with flanking grainstones and oolites. This locality is unique in displaying such a wide variety of (predominantly carbonate) facies in the Permian rocks of the Yorkshire Province.

Unfavourable No Change, due to Earth Science feature being obstructed (monitored in 2002)

Bilham Sand Pit Notified on 17th September 1987This site lies 1/2 mile north of the village of Hickleton to the west of Doncaster, overlying Permian sediments. The basal Permian sands are more patchily developed in the Yorkshire Province than in the Durham Province and Bilham provides an excellent section through the sands and overlying limestones of the Cadeby formation (Zechstein Cycle 1). The lower part of the Cadeby Formation yields an abundant but, in terms of species, restricted shelly fauna, including Bakewellia and Schizodus. This is one of a very few sites in this part of the Zechstein Basin showing the basal Magnesian Limestone overlying non-marine Permian sediments.

Favourable (monitored in 2007)

Cadeby Quarry Notified on 5th December 1986The band of Magnesian limestone outcropping to the west of Doncaster provides opportunities for both wildlife habitat and mineral exploitation. The River Don passes through the limestone at Cadeby, contributing to a complex of sites of known nature conservation interest including Pot Ridings Wood, Sprotbrough Flash and Foulsyke Flash. Although a limestone grassland flora and scrub has developed within the SSSI boundary at Cadeby Quarry, it is the geological exposures, which provide the special interests.This is the type locality for the Permian Cadeby Formation. The extensive quarry faces expose an excellent section through the Wetherby Member, Hampole Beds and lower part of the Sprotbrough Member. A wide variety of facies and fabrics associated with shallow-water carbonate deposition are found in the quarry, particularly in the Sprotbrough Member. Numerous algal/bryozoan patch-reefs occur throughout the quarry and the lower parts of these reefs yield a well-preserved fauna particularly brachiopods and bryozoans. Beds of multicoloured flaggy mudstones comprising the Hampole Beds are atypically thick at Cadeby Quarry and contain plant remains. This is an important site, showing facies developments within the Magnesian Limestone Cadeby Formation.

Favourable (monitored in 2001) due for review in early 2008

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New Edlington Brick Pit

Notified on 6th July 1989The site is located in a disused brick pit half-a-mile to the west of New Edlington and four miles south west of Doncaster, on the Magnesian Limestone. The geological interest occurs on the north-eastern face. Most of the pit has been in filled, but this has not obscured the significant strata. Ruderal vegetation partially covers the tipped material. This locality shows the type section of the Permian Edlington Formation (formerly the Middle Marls). This middle portion of the Upper Permian sequence is here 8 metres thick; it consists of red-brown mudstones, siltstone and subordinate evaporates. Lenses and continuous beds of dolomite at the top of the section may be part of the overlying Brotherton Formation.

Destroyed due to Earth Science feature being obstructed (monitored in 2002)

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Issues Affecting Local Geodiversity

Mineral ExtractionDoncaster has been affected by peat extraction, coal mining, sand and gravel extraction and limestone quarrying for hundreds of years. Peat extraction has all but ceased, with most of the land now in the ownership of Natural England. Coal seams are deep underground and currently only being exploited at Maltby Colliery in the south west of the Borough, and there are plans to re-open Hatfield Colliery in the near future. Commercial sand and gravel and limestone extraction will continue to play a part in the local economy and is one of the main reasons why Doncaster needs a Local Geodiversity Plan. Extraction can be perceived as having both positive and negative impacts on our local geodiversity. On a negative note, important geodiversity sites may be destroyed by the overriding need to meet demand and allocations. If company geodiversity plans were in place, processes to deal with issues would be put in place. For example, sites could be photographed and recorded, adding to existing knowledge, and mitigation could ultimately be used to improve local geodiversity and biodiversity. Also, if significantly important sites were unearthed which met with RIGS or SSSI criteria, these could be evidenced and protected in the same way as Cadeby Quarry SSSI. Essentially, it is the role of the LGAP to raise awareness of these issues with local companies and ensure that appropriate opportunities are in place to identify, record, protect and enhance appropriate sites.

Transport Routes Transport is an issue that is becoming more significant in today’s society. Nationally increased commuting and freight haulage have lead to a need to identify new road routes and strategic improvements to existing ones. Because of this plan, Doncaster’s Local Geological Sites have been mapped and evidenced, and threats from route upgrading schemes can be highlighted as a potential issue. Also, as a direct result of the airport, new routes may be developed in Doncaster in the not too distant future. This can be seen as an opportunity to increase the existing knowledge on geodiversity if actions are in place to utilise the services of a geologist to monitor and record work as it is progressed.

RecreationThe Sprotborough Gorge area of Doncaster contains a number of locally significant Local Geological and Biological Sites. It is one of Doncaster’s ‘honey-pot’ areas and attracts a large number of visitors during weekends. Historically, speleologists have also identified and explored small caves in the Gorge, but with positive benefits, as they have discovered some of the sites in the RIGS list. They may also contribute by finding Quaternary evidence, thus increasing local knowledge. Sprotbrough Gorge is a sensitive area because of the intrinsic geodiversity interest and the associated biological habitats; illegal off-road motorcycling in this area is causing significant damage and needs addressing through targeted management.

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Getting Involved

Play Your PartAnyone can get involved in geodiversity; you don’t have to be a geologist - you just have to have an appreciation of the landscapes that surround you and feel that you need to protect and conserve them. Small contributions at a personal level can help to address bigger issues and achieve bigger targets.

Minerals companies also have a part to play, and getting involved in the partnership and developing company Geodiversity Action Plans (cGAPS) will help toward meeting targets relating to monitoring, interpreting, conserving, restoring, protecting and enhancing our local geodiversity.

Some important contributions include:

• Use the LGAP for life long learning• Providing a start point for amateur and professional Earth scientists• Record and share information with the Museums Biological Record Centre• Keep up-to-date with new initiatives• Look at the actions within the plan and contribute where you can• Report incidents to the correct establishment• Support delivery of local geodiversity and biodiversity projects• Let people know about conservation efforts• Conserve, enhance and;• Enjoy the environment

Site D51 • Hexthorpe Flatts showing Limestone beds of the Brotherton Formation

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Glossary

Alluvial Environments, actions and products of rivers or streams.Anhydrite Anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO4. A white, sometimes greyish, bluish or purple mineral. When exposed to water, anhydrite readily transforms to the more commonly occurring gypsum, (CaSO4·2H2O) by the absorption of water. Ashlar Dressed rectangular block of building stone.Bedrock A term used to describe unweathered rock below soil or superficial deposits. Can also be exposed at the surface.Bivalve Class of molluscs with paired oval or elongated shell valves joined by a hinge.Brachiopod A phylum of solitary marine shelled invertebrates.Bryozoan Tiny colonial animals that generally build stony skeletons of calcium carbonate, superficially similar to coral. They are also known as moss animals (which is the literal Greek translation) or sea mats. A number of RIGS in the Borough evidence fossilised bryozoan reefs. Calcareous Sediments or sedimentary rocks containing a high proportion of calcium carbonate. Calcite Calcium Carbonate [CaCO3] a widely distributed mineral and a common constituent of sedimentary rocks, limestone in particular. Also occurs as stalactites and stalagmites and is often the primary constituent of marine shells.Carboniferous A geological period [359–299 Ma] preceded by the Devonian and followed by the Permian.Cryoturbation Refers to the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil right down to the parent rock due to freezing and thawing.Delta A landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert or estuary.Devensian The last glacial stage in Britain, lasting from around 70,000 BP (Before Present) to about 10,000 BP.Dinoflagellate The dinoflagella are a large group of flagellate organisms. Most are marine plankton, but they are also common in fresh water habitats. Their populations are distributed depending on temperature, salinity, or depth. Dinoflagellate cysts are commonly preserved in the fossil record and are useful for stratigraphic correlation and palaeoenvironmental analysis.Dolomite Calcium magnesium carbonate, A sedimentary rock-forming mineral [CaMg(CO3)2]. Dolostone A sedimentary rock, usually formed by the dolomitization of Limestones.Flandrian An interglacial stage (warm period) after the Devensian (Holocene interglacial).Fluvial Referring to a river environment.Fluvioglacial Glacial meltwater.Foraminifera The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid organisms. They typically produce a shell, which can have either one or multiple chambers. About 275,000 species are recognized, both living and fossil. They are usually less than 1mm in size and are commonly preserved in the fossil record. Gastropod Sea snails and marine molluscs.Glaciofluvial Refers to sediments deposited by flowing glacial meltwater.Graben A graben is a structural feature consisting of a depressed block of land bordered by parallel normal faults.Gypsum A very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.Holocene The youngest epoch of the Quaternary Period. Covers the last 10,000 years.Incised Deeply Cut or eroded down to create a valley.Inundation Covered by flood water.Ipswichian A phase of deposition during the Quaternary period.Lacustrine Refers to a lake environment.

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Lamellibranchs Any of the bivalve molluscs of the class Lamellibranchia, including the clams, scallops, and oysters. Laurasia The protocontinent of the Northern Hemisphere resulting from the split of Pangaea, which further broke up into North America, Europe, and Asia.Lingula Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus Lingula, and related genera.Lithology The character of a rock expressed in terms of its mineral composition, structure, grain size and arrangement of its constituents.Marl Calcareous (lime-rich) mudstone.Meltwater Water produced by melting of snow or ice.Neogene A period of geologic time from 23.3 million years ago to the present day. It contains four epochs: the Miocene (23.3 to 5.33 Ma); the Pliocene (5.33 to 1.6 Ma); the Pliestocene (Ice Age) (1.8 Ma to 0.0115 Ma); and the Holocene, beginning 11, 000 years ago to the present.Pangaea The super continent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. (Derived from ‘Pan’, meaning ‘entire’; and ‘Gaea’, meaning ‘earth’. Periglacial Conditions, processes and landforms associated with cold, non-glacial environments.Permian A geological period [299–251 Ma] preceded by the Carboniferous and followed by the Triassic.Physiography The study of physical features of the Earth’s surface.Planolites Trace fossils resulting from the feeding process.Playa Depression on the surface of the ground (can also be a dry lake bed or salt flat).Quaternary A period of geologic time (from 1.6 Ma to 0.01 Ma) containing the Holocene and Pleistocene.Reef A rigid, wave-resistant organo-sedimentary build-up (skeleton) constructed by carbonate organisms. Roxby Formation A sedimentary rock - red-brown calcareous mudstone and gypsum laid down during the Permian (formerly upper Permian marl).Sherwood Geologic group of sandstones containing the Nottingham Castle Formation. Sandstone (formerly Bunter Sandstone and Bunter Pebble Beds) and the Lenton Formation, laid down during the Triassic.Tertiary A period of geologic time spanning approximately 65 Ma to 1.8 Ma. Study of theTopography Earth’s surface features, including relief, vegetation, and human-influenced features resulting from local history and culture.Triassic A geological period [251–200 Ma] preceded by the Permian and followed by the Jurassic.Ventifacts A rock worn down by wind blown sand.Zechstein Sea A large shallow salt water sea which existed during the Permian, forming the rocks we know today in our area as the Brotherton Formation of Dolomitic Limestones and the Cadeby Formation of Dolomites.

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ersh

ip

with

arc

haeo

logi

cal i

nves

tigat

ive

surv

eys

and

map

pot

entia

l site

s fo

r fu

rther

inve

stig

atio

n. (A

s 1.

8 C

CT

HA

P)

DM

BC

, NE

, DG

SP,

A

RC

US

(A

rcha

eolo

gica

l R

esea

rch

and

Con

sulta

ncy

at th

e U

nive

rsity

of

She

ffiel

d)

£600

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ture

Res

earc

h an

d M

onito

ring

Con

tinuo

us…

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ure

that

all

partn

ers,

land

owne

rs,

serv

ice

prov

ider

s an

d op

erat

iona

l co

ntra

ctor

s ar

e in

form

ed o

f the

ex

iste

nce

and

impo

rtanc

e of

cr

ags,

cav

es, a

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ther

geo

logi

cal

feat

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h de

sign

ated

and

no

n-de

sign

ated

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1.1

CC

T H

AP

)

DM

BC

, Nat

ural

E

ngla

nd a

nd

Loca

l Site

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rtner

ship

Sta

ffing

C

osts

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isor

y,

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egua

rdin

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d M

anag

emen

t

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Obj

ectiv

es

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ets

Ref

Act

ion

Lead

Par

tner

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ts

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egor

y

2009

Pro

vide

trai

ning

for (

DM

BC

) N

eigh

bour

hood

s st

aff a

nd v

olun

teer

s on

the

impo

rtant

asp

ects

of

geod

iver

sity

in th

eir a

rea.

DG

P (D

MB

C)

£500

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

Con

tinuo

us…

Iden

tify

area

s w

here

geo

dive

rsity

sh

ould

be

incl

uded

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ludi

ng

atte

ndin

g m

eetin

gs a

nd p

rovi

ding

in

form

atio

n as

nee

ded

DM

BC

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

2008

Info

rm e

lect

ed m

embe

rs o

n th

e im

porta

nce

of g

eoco

nser

vatio

n an

d as

soci

ated

issu

es

DM

BC

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

Influ

ence

the

man

agem

ent o

f ex

istin

g ge

odiv

ersi

ty

site

s an

d id

entif

y op

portu

nitie

s fo

r th

e cr

eatio

n an

d de

sign

atio

n of

new

ge

odiv

ersi

ty s

ites

2008

Est

ablis

h Lo

cal S

ites

Partn

ersh

ipD

MB

CS

taffi

ng

Cos

tsS

afeg

uard

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

2012

Eng

age

& e

ncou

rage

loca

l ind

ustry

an

d qu

arry

ope

rato

rs to

pre

pare

qu

arry

spe

cific

geo

dive

rsity

act

ion

plan

s

DM

BC

/ Lo

cal

Site

s Pa

rtner

ship

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

2008

Eng

age

& e

ncou

rage

(DM

BC

) N

eigh

bour

hood

s to

take

acc

ount

of

and

app

ropr

iate

ly m

anag

e ge

olog

ical

ly im

porta

nt s

ites

DM

BC

/ Lo

cal

Site

s Pa

rtner

ship

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

2012

Iden

tify

oppo

rtuni

ties

to e

nhan

ce

geol

ogic

ally

impo

rtant

site

sD

MB

C

(Pla

nnin

g an

d N

eigh

bour

hood

s)/ L

ocal

Site

s Pa

rtner

ship

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

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Obj

ectiv

es

Targ

ets

Ref

Act

ion

Lead

Par

tner

Cos

ts

Cat

egor

y

Con

tinuo

us...

Iden

tify

issu

es th

reat

enin

g ge

olog

ical

ly im

porta

nt s

ites

Don

cast

er

Nat

ural

ist S

ocie

ty

and

othe

r loc

al

volu

ntee

r gro

ups

Adv

isor

y /

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

Con

tinuo

us…

Ass

ist &

info

rm in

tere

sted

gro

ups

in h

ow g

eodi

vers

ity c

an c

ontri

bute

to

war

d im

prov

ing

thei

r env

ironm

ent.

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

s)S

taffi

ng

Cos

tsA

dvis

ory

/ S

afeg

uard

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

All

new

qua

rry

appl

icat

ions

New

qua

rry

appl

icat

ions

for

Lim

esto

ne s

ites

to in

clud

e re

clam

atio

n sc

hem

es th

at p

rote

ct

and

enha

nce

crag

s, c

aves

for

geod

iver

sity

and

bio

dive

rsity

(As

2.2

CC

T H

AP

)

DM

BC

, Qua

rry

oper

ator

s, D

GS

PO

pera

tor

cost

sS

afeg

uard

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

Con

tinuo

us…

Rev

iew

rest

orat

ion

sche

mes

for

exis

ting

quar

ries

to in

clud

e pr

otec

tion

and

enha

ncem

ent o

f cra

gs, c

aves

an

d tu

nnel

s fo

r bio

dive

rsity

and

ge

olog

ical

con

serv

atio

n (A

s 2.

3 C

CT

HA

P)

DM

BC

, Qua

rry

oper

ator

sO

pera

tor

Cos

ts /

Sta

ff tim

e

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

Con

tinuo

us…

New

pla

nnin

g ap

plic

atio

ns a

nd

rene

wed

/ re

vise

d pe

rmis

sion

s to

re

quire

app

ropr

iate

geo

logi

cal a

nd

ecol

ogic

al s

urve

ys o

f lim

esto

ne s

ites

to c

heck

for t

he p

rese

nce

and

valu

e of

cav

es a

nd c

rags

. (A

s 2.

4 C

CT

HA

P)

DM

BC

, Qua

rry

oper

ator

sO

pera

tor

Cos

ts /

Sta

ff tim

e

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

��

Obj

ectiv

es

Targ

ets

Ref

Act

ion

Lead

Par

tner

Cos

ts

Cat

egor

y

Enc

oura

ge p

ract

ical

co

nser

vatio

n op

portu

nitie

s an

d pr

actic

al m

anag

emen

t on

prio

rity

site

s

Con

tinuo

us…

Enc

oura

ge e

xist

ing

volu

ntee

r gr

oups

to b

ecom

e in

volv

ed

in p

ract

ical

con

serv

atio

n w

ork

to b

enefi

t RIG

S a

s w

ell a

s bi

odiv

ersi

ty s

ites

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

- R

ange

rs)

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

2008

Prio

ritis

e si

tes

whi

ch n

eed

prac

tical

man

agem

ent

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

- R

ange

rs)

Sta

ffing

C

osts

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

2012

Enh

ance

10%

of i

dent

ified

ge

olog

ical

ly im

porta

nt s

ites

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

- R

ange

rs)

??S

afeg

uard

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

Con

tinuo

us…

Con

side

r veg

etat

ion

clea

ranc

e on

site

s w

ith im

porta

nt g

eolo

gica

l fe

atur

es

DM

BC

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eigh

bour

hood

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ange

rs)

Sta

ff /

Volu

ntee

r tim

e

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

t

To in

crea

se p

ublic

aw

aren

ess

and

incr

ease

app

reci

atio

n of

our

geo

logi

cal

herit

age

in a

ssoc

iatio

n w

ith o

ur b

iolo

gica

l he

ritag

e

Con

tinuo

us…

Dev

elop

a ra

nge

of im

agin

ativ

e in

terp

retiv

e pr

ojec

ts /

idea

s to

ra

ise

awar

enes

s an

d im

porta

nce

of g

eodi

vers

ity.

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

s)S

taff

/ Vo

lunt

eer

time

Com

mun

icat

ions

and

P

ublic

ity

2009

Sim

plify

the

‘Geo

dive

rsity

A

sses

smen

t and

the

LGA

P’ i

nto

a se

ries

of e

asy

to re

ad a

rea

base

d gu

ides

bas

ed o

n th

e br

oad

geod

iver

sity

are

as to

incr

ease

pu

blic

aw

aren

ess.

DM

BC

Sta

ffing

C

osts

plu

s pu

blic

atio

n co

sts

(dep

ende

nt

on h

ow

man

y do

cum

ents

pr

oduc

ed)

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mun

icat

ions

and

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ublic

ity

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ectiv

es

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ets

Ref

Act

ion

Lead

Par

tner

Cos

ts

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egor

y

2009

Inve

stig

ate

the

poss

ibili

ty o

f de

velo

ping

a g

eodi

vers

ity g

uide

fo

r the

bor

ough

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

s)S

taff

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mun

icat

ions

and

P

ublic

ity

Con

tinuo

us…

Enc

oura

ge g

uide

d w

alks

an

d ev

ents

that

com

bine

the

impo

rtanc

e of

geo

dive

rsity

and

bi

odiv

ersi

ty

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BC

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eigh

bour

hood

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taff

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lunt

eer

time

Com

mun

icat

ions

and

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ublic

ity

2008

Inve

stig

ate

addi

ng g

eodi

vers

ity

even

ts in

to e

xist

ing

Juni

or R

ange

r pr

ogra

mm

e.

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

s)S

taff

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mun

icat

ions

an

d P

ublic

ity a

nd

Saf

egua

rdin

g an

d M

anag

emen

tC

ontin

uous

…Li

aise

with

gro

ups

with

rela

ted

inte

rest

s su

ch a

s lo

cal h

isto

ry,

natu

ral h

isto

ry a

nd a

rcha

eolo

gy to

pr

ovid

e co

mbi

ned

even

ts

DM

BC

(N

eigh

bour

hood

s)S

taff

/ Vo

lunt

eer

time

Com

mun

icat

ions

and

P

ublic

ity

2008

Form

a li

aiso

n w

ith th

e m

ain

loca

l ca

ving

gro

up a

nd lo

cal s

peci

alis

ts

to a

dvis

e on

pro

tect

ion

and

gain

ne

w in

form

atio

n on

cav

e sy

stem

s in

the

Don

Gor

ge a

rea

(as

4.1

in

CC

T H

AP

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DM

BC

, DG

SP

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ff /

Volu

ntee

r tim

e

Adv

isor

y / F

utur

e R

esea

rch

and

Mon

itorin

g

Con

tinuo

us…

Wor

k in

par

tner

ship

with

the

Don

G

orge

Stra

tegi

c Pa

rtner

ship

to

dev

elop

pro

ject

s an

d m

anag

emen

t ini

tiativ

es re

latin

g to

th

e ge

odiv

ersi

ty o

f the

Don

Gor

ge.

DM

BC

(NC

CS

)S

taff

/ Vo

lunt

eer

time

Com

mun

icat

ions

an

d P

ublic

ity a

nd

Saf

egua

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anag

emen

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ectiv

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Targ

ets

Ref

Act

ion

Lead

Par

tner

Cos

ts

Cat

egor

y

Con

tinuo

us…

Ens

ure

that

des

igna

ted

RIG

S

info

rmat

ion

is k

ept u

p to

dat

e th

roug

h R

egul

ar m

eetin

gs o

f th

e D

onca

ster

Geo

dive

rsity

Pa

rtner

ship

.

DM

BC

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ff /

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ntee

r tim

e/M

embe

rs

Res

earc

h an

d M

onito

ring

and

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egua

rdin

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d M

anag

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t

Con

tribu

te to

war

d fo

rmal

edu

catio

n at

al

l key

sta

ge le

vels

, in

clud

ing

life

long

le

arni

ng

2009

Enc

oura

ge fo

rmal

edu

catio

n op

portu

nitie

s by

pro

vidi

ng

acce

ss to

the

Don

cast

er L

ocal

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eodi

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ctio

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lan

for

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d ne

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un

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sitie

s

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ff C

omm

unic

atio

ns

and

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licity

and

S

afeg

uard

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agem

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2010

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vide

info

rmat

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uita

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site

s of

edu

catio

nal v

alue

for

geod

iver

sity

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ll ed

ucat

iona

l es

tabl

ishm

ents

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BC

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ff /

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ntee

r tim

e

Com

mun

icat

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an

d P

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ity a

nd

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egua

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anag

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rovi

de tr

aini

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roup

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rryi

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rvat

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wor

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DG

PS

taff

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egua

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anag

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tify

and

enco

urag

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e us

e of

loca

lly im

porta

nt

quar

ries

2010

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tify

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ries

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ontri

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d cr

eatin

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e lo

cally

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stin

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arac

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f the

are

a

Eng

lish

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itage

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MB

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taff

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lunt

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re R

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2010

Iden

tify

and

inve

stig

ate

the

open

ing

of s

mal

l qua

rrie

s, w

hich

ha

ve in

the

past

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hav

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ture

po

tent

ial f

or s

uppl

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loca

lly

dist

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ive

ston

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mm

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cast

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eodi

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ster

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on G

orge

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Nat

ural

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land

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RC

US

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haeo

logi

cal R

esea

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sulta

ncy

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e U

nive

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heffi

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Brit

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logi

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urve

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ateg

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BA

P17

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afeg

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tect

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licy

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slat

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mun

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licity

17. N

o re

porti

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ateg

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ve y

et b

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deve

lope

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dive

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tego

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with

in th

e LG

AP

ther

efor

e re

flect

the

UK

Bio

dive

rsity

Act

ion

Pla

n as

Don

cast

er’s

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dive

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Act

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n

ende

avou

rs to

com

plem

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orou

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Bio

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