Don Sparks

Statesville Senior High School

Don Sparks

Statesville Senior High School

PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization

Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church

filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.

monasticism:

St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

provided schools for the children of the upper class.

inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.

libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.

monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.

the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.

curb heresies crusades; Inquisition

tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval MonkA Medieval Monk’’s Days DayA Medieval MonkA Medieval Monk’’s Days Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.

Barrel vaults.

Thick walls.

Darker, simplistic interiors.

Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empires EmpireCharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empires Empire

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

England England

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

England England

CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empire s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

CharlemagneCharlemagne’’s Empire s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

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ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor A Code of Honor and Behaviorand Behavior

a.a. excellent horsemenexcellent horsemen

b.b. skilled in battleskilled in battle

c.c. bravebrave

d.d. generous in victorygenerous in victory

e.e. devoted to religiondevoted to religion

f.f. educated in the artseducated in the arts

g.g. willing to help the poor and needywilling to help the poor and needy

h.h. to be courteous to womento be courteous to women

i.i. fight to the death to their fight to the death to their ““ladylady””

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of EnglandEvolution of England’’s s Political SystemPolitical System

Evolution of EnglandEvolution of England’’s s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I:

William’s son.

set up a court system.

Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II:

established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.

grand jury.

trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

King John IKing John I

Runnymeade

“Great Charter”

monarchs were not above the law.

kings had to consult a council of advisors.

kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

Great Council:

middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.

eventually called Parliament.

by 1400, two chambers evolved:

o House of Lords nobles & clergy.

o House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style

• Pointed arches.

• High, narrow vaults.

• Thinner walls.

• Flying buttresses.

• Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.

• Stained-glass windows.

“Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Thomas Beckett Thomas Beckett • Thomas Beckett Thomas Beckett was appointed as was appointed as Archbishop Archbishop

of Canterburyof Canterbury by King Henry by King Henry• Beckett defended the church against the King, Beckett defended the church against the King,

thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 barons went to Canterbury where they killed barons went to Canterbury where they killed Thomas Beckett in his cathedralThomas Beckett in his cathedral

• Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, and people from all over England went Church, and people from all over England went to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be healed of sicknesshealed of sickness

• One of the best loved books in the English One of the best loved books in the English language, language, The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales, by , by Geoffrey Geoffrey ChaucerChaucer, is about a group of pilgrims (one who , is about a group of pilgrims (one who travels for religious reasons) setting out for travels for religious reasons) setting out for BeckettBeckett’’s tombs tomb

Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, United Kingdom

Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities

Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University

Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade

Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)Medieval Guilds (Unions)

Guild Guild HallHall

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly:

Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman

Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].

Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A GoldsmithMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’’s s ShopShop

Medieval Guilds: A GoldsmithMedieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’’s s ShopShop

Crest of a CooperCrest of a Cooper’’s Guilds GuildCrest of a CooperCrest of a Cooper’’s Guilds Guild

VikingsVikings

aa. Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, . Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, and raiders from Scandinavia, and raiders from Scandinavia, present-day Norway, Sweden, and present-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.Denmark.

b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal Europe and traveled many miles up Europe and traveled many miles up rivers in their special boats (could rivers in their special boats (could float in 3 feet of water when loaded) float in 3 feet of water when loaded)

c. A Viking named c. A Viking named Leif EricsonLeif Ericson was was probably the first European explorer probably the first European explorer to discover North Americato discover North America

MARCO POLOMARCO POLO a.a. Marco Polo was born in Marco Polo was born in Venice Venice Italy in the mid 1200Italy in the mid 1200’’ss

b.b. Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the

Dark Ages and over the centuries it grew into a rich and Dark Ages and over the centuries it grew into a rich and

powerful as a trading center between Europe and the Far Eastpowerful as a trading center between Europe and the Far East

c.c. When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China

and entered the court of the great and entered the court of the great Kublai KhanKublai Khan

d.d. Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying

provinces of China and the Polo family remained there for provinces of China and the Polo family remained there for 24 24

yearsyears

e.e. When When fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was

taken prisoner and wrote the book, taken prisoner and wrote the book, The Travels of Marco PoloThe Travels of Marco Polo,,

this book gave the Europeans their first look into China and this book gave the Europeans their first look into China and

helped create the first accurate maps of Asiahelped create the first accurate maps of Asia

f.f. His book aroused the interest of His book aroused the interest of Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus (Genoa)(Genoa)

JOAN OF ARCJOAN OF ARC

• In a strange but true story, In a strange but true story, an illiterate an illiterate peasant girl convinced the King of France to peasant girl convinced the King of France to allow her to lead the armies of France allow her to lead the armies of France during the Hundred Years Warduring the Hundred Years War

• At the age of 17, At the age of 17, Joan of ArcJoan of Arc led the French led the French to victory over the English in a Battle of to victory over the English in a Battle of Orleans France in 1429Orleans France in 1429

• The The Battle of OrleansBattle of Orleans was the turning point was the turning point of the Hundred Years War and eventually of the Hundred Years War and eventually drove the English out of France in 1453, this drove the English out of France in 1453, this is why is why Joan of Arc is loved by the French Joan of Arc is loved by the French and was burned at the stake by the Englishand was burned at the stake by the English

• Joan of Arc was declared a Joan of Arc was declared a saintsaint by the by the Roman Catholic Church in Roman Catholic Church in 19201920

Image of Joan of Arc Painted between 1450 and 1500