UDC 821.161.1.09 Dostoevskij F. M.821.161.1-95.09 Pereverzev V. V.

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Pavle Pavlovi

THE DOSTOEVSKY CRITICISM OF THE EARLY SOVIET PERIOD

Summary

This essay addresses the acceptance of Dostoevsky during the socialist times in Rus-sia. For the sake of clarity, we divided the Soviet period into two subperiods: Lenins period and Stalins period. During Lenins time there was some freedom in Dostoevsky criticism and in voicing of ones opinion in general, whereas in Stalins time the freedom was severely curtailed. We analysed Gorkys attitude toward Dostoevsky, as this stand influenced enor-mously later criticism. Although Gorky pegged Dostoevsky to be a reactionary, inwardly, he had a sneaking admiration toward his art, but he could not imagine him as a social peda-gogue. In a similar vein, we examined the theme of Dostoevsky and revolution from two angles literary analysis and documentary research. Depending on ideological proclivities, critics characterized Dostoevsky as reactionary or revolutionary. While for Merezhkovsky Dosto-evsky was revolution pretending to be reaction and the prophet of the God-bearing people, the Russian people, Pereverzev and Lunacharsky tried to remake this paradigm into their marxist mold. Contrary to all these viewpoints, Tseitlin and Brodsky described Dostoevsky as a complete reactionary. In the field of documentary research, the most important theme was the Petrashevsky cirle and the engagement of Dostoevsky in the revolutionary movement. Some scholars disputed over whether Bakunin was a prototype for Nikolai Stavrogin and whether it is anarchism which is ridiculed in The Possessed. In the final chapter, we analysed Per-everzevs criticism of Dostoevsky and came to the conclusion that in spite of its ideological biases, it could provide us with some useful insights. Pereverzev is at his best in his painstaking analysis of Dostoevskys psychological doubles.