Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris and Canis lupus dingo) is a domesticated form of the grey wold, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties. The dog may have been the first animal to be domesticated, and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and companion animal in human history. The word "dog" may also mean the male of a canine species, as opposed to the word "bitch" for the female of the species.

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Canidae

Genus: Canis

Species: C. lupus

Subspecies:

C. l.

familiaris and

C. l. dingo

These are a carnivorous species which can adapt to a wide ranging diet such as meat but it can also include vegetables and grains. A number of common human foods and household ingestible are toxic to dogs, including chocolate (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (throsulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. Dogs were domesticated from gray wolves about 15,000 years ago. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individiuals. Over the 15,000 year span the dog had been domesticated, it diverged into only a handful of landraces, groups of similar animals whose morphology and behavior have been shaped by environmental factors and functional roles. Through selective breeding by humans, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal.The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog

Classification

Skeleton of a Dog

1. Maxilla2. Mandible3. Incisive bone4. Frontal bone5. Zygomatic arch6. Parietal bone7. Temporal bone8. Occipital bone

9. Atlas10. Axis11. Cervical vertebrae12. Thoracic vertebrae13. Lumber vertebrae14. Wing of Illium15. Bod og ilium16. Coccygeal vertebrae17. Ishium18. Femur

19. Tarsus20. Metatarsal bones21. Phalanges22. Tibia23. Ribs24. Costal cartilages25. Phalanges26. Metacarpal bones

27. Humerus28. Scapula29. Radius30. Ulna31. Carpus

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2

3

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89

10 1112

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27

2324

28

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18

22

31

2625 192021

15

1.Nasal aperture2. Infraorbital foramen3. Maxially foramen4. Fossa for lacrimal sac5. Orbit

6. Zygomatic process of frontal bone7. Zygomatic arch8. External sagittal crest

9. Nuchal crest10. External occipital protuberance11. Cranium

2.

8.

11.

3.

4.

1.

6.

7.

5.

9.

1. Hard palate2. Choanal region3. Oval foramen4. Base of cranium5. Forament lacerum

6. Tympanic bulla7. Jugular foramen8. Paracondylar process9. Hypoglossa canal10. Occipital condyle 11. Foramen magnum

1.

6.2.

4.

11.

8.

9.

7.

3.

5.10.

1.

1. Infraorbital foramen2. Orbit3. Zygomatic arch4. Temporal fossa5. Parietal bone6. Nuchal crest7. Nuchal surface

2. 3. 4.

7.

6.

5.

8. Occipital condyle9. Tympanic bulla10.External acoustic meatus11. Retroarticular foramen12. Retroarticular process13. Pterygopalatine fossa

9.

8.

10.11.

Canine skull

12.13.

1. Nasal bone2. Incisive bone3. Maxilla4. Zygomatic bone5. Mandible

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Rostral view of a canine skull