Documenting Your Sources

HIST300: HistoriographyFall 2012

Definitions of “Citation”

“A quoting of an authoritative source for substantiation.”

American Heritage Dictionary

“The quoting of a book or author in support of a fact; a passage or source cited for this purpose.”

Collins English Dictionary

“A reference or footnote to a book, a magazine or journal article, or another source. It contains all the information necessary to identify and locate the work.”

Benedictine University Writing Center

Sample APA Citations

Parenthetical Citation:Unlike Pergher’s work on the psychology of decision making, Gillian Ku argues that a better focus on de-escalation will yield the most positive results (Ku, 2008).

Reference List:Ku, G. (2008). Learning to de-escalate: The effects of regret in escalation of commitment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105 (2), 221-232.

Sample MLA Citations

Parenthetical Citation:According to Ozment’s reading of the will, Anna and her siblings were accorded some legal rights, regardless of their mother’s remarriage (Ozment, 29).

Works Cited:Ozment, Steven. The Burgermeister’s Daughter: Scandal in a Sixteenth –Century German Town. New York: Harper Perennial, 1996. Print.

Chicago Manual vs. Turabian Manual

Citation styles are the same, so for your purposes, interchangeable (and I will use terms interchangeably)

Turabian manual is more user-friendly, geared toward students

Chicago manual includes more information for publishing (how to assemble an index for your book, format tables, etc. etc.)

Two Versions of Chicago/Turabian

StyleAuthor/Date System Notes/Bibliography

System

1) Parenthetical citation

1) Footnote or endnote

2) Reference list 2) Bibliography

ONLY FOR DR. LOATS!!

Sample Turabian/Chicago

CitationsFootnote or endnote:

3 Mark Noll, America’s God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 49.

Bibliography:Noll, Mark. America’s God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Discursive/Explanatory Footnotes

12 Often, in the eighteenth century, the word “arts” was used when referring to technical skills. The French used the expression arts et métiers when they wished to talk about the mechanical arts.13 See John Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science (London: Vintage, 1951), Chap. 1, for a discussion of this new sensibility.