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AUTHORTITLE

I NdTITUTIOU

PUB DATENOTEAVAILABBE FROM

DOCUMENT RESUME (RC 009 256.

Kraass, Michael B., Comp.A Map of ,the Native Peoples andLanguages ofAlaska./Alanka'Univ., Fairbanks. Alaska)Native LanguageCenter.74 e

./

23p. .

Alaska Native Language Center, University of AlaFairbanks, Alaska 99701 ($3.50 'plus huddling andmailing)

EDRS PRICE .MF-$0.133 HC-S1,67 Plus Postage.D2scai?Tort\ *Alaska N tiies; *American Indian Language9;

Bilingual ducation; Elementary Secndary,Education;*Eskimo Aleut Languages; Geographic Location;*Instrudtional Materials; *Ldhguages; LinguisticPatterns; *naps; Post Secondary Education

IDENTIFIERS *Alaskp

ABSTRAC ,

Recommended for use in classrooms (no.specific gradelevel i assigned) throUghoup Alaska, this base E sized wall map (4

feet by 3 feet) is' color coded (number coded for the ERIC system). to.reflect -the 20 Alaska Natir'languages. Design ting ;language dia eciareas and boundaries, this map details the Lan uage relatiOn

iships of

the four Eskimo languages; the Aleut. Tsimpshi n, Haida. Tlingit, andEyak languages; and the Athabascan languages. Two:insets illustr tothe spread of Athabascan and Eskimo throughout North America an

.designate Alaskan language relationships, popula 'ens, and numbers of.speakers. A text at the bottom of the map presents a' thumbnail sketchof the Native language's and the present bilingual movement. Since.this map has been disassembled for purposes of E IC reproduction,instructions for reassembling the map are inclu ed. Ordering'-information is also provided. GJC)

0

****!oc*****44*****************************4*****************************Documents acquired ERIC include many informal unpublishe *

* materials not available' other sources. ERIC makes every eff t

* to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal *

* reproducibility are often encountered -and this affects the quality' * .

* of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available *

* via the ERIC Dpcument Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not* responsible for the quality of the original document: ReproductiOns *10:supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *

***************************444****************************************

O N IVFRSITY OF A A.SK.A

C4t

A MAI' OF TH

NATIVE,PEOPLES AND LANGU S OF ALASKA

4 q

4

`Compiled by Mi4haeJand produced by the Alaska Na

a division .of the Centeelor Nort

. Kraussve Language Center

Educ4tional Research

U S DEPARTMENT DP HEALTH.EDUCATION", WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OP

EDUCATION

'HIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO.OuCE0 EXACTLY AS RECEIVE() 'FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZA'TION ORIGINANN& IT POINTS DE VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT DE ICIAL NOTIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

UniVersity of A skaFairbanks, Alaska) 99701

.1974

Thisbase E sized wall map (4'xAlaska Native languages. Listed

Tsimpshian, Haida, Tlingit, Eyak andlanguage dialect areas and boundariesImpression of the relationship betweeq

/7_

is color coded to reflect the.the -four Eskimo languages, Aleut,Athabascan languages. The

re clearly shown giving anhe languages.

The map al.r. shows every Native village and town, with a designationfar the present statue of the language, 'There are also two inset: one

showing the spread of Athabascan and Eskimo throughout North America,and the other a color key and table of language relationships,populations, and numbers of speakers. There\ia also a text at ,the

bottom of the map giving a thumbnail sketch of the general history ofthe Alaska Native languages and the vresent bilingual movement.

The map is meant to be as informative as`possible and isrecommended for'use in'Classrooms throughout Alaska as a teaching tool.

In the ERIC system the map is keydd by number rathet than color.')

Full colorcopi / s of the map area available for $3.50 plus postageand mailer costs from the Alaska Native Center.

PErSSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIO TED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

Alaska NativeLangdage CenterTo ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATINGUNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRO-DUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHTOWNER

c

PLE Ac :,I RE PLY EiY AIRMAIL

4AA JR"'

c.

C

0?

et:

..

-.").1..)V,/

r%

-7)

I.

i

Table oV

Language

Groups

LanguageLanguage

Fam

ily ii)N

ames

Eskim

oAleut

'"

,Aleut'

Aleut//:

Eskim

oI

Popu-

Num

berlation

Speaking

2,000700

(40040

SugP

iaq3,000

1,000

Central Y

upik17,000

15,000

`§iberian Yupik

1,0001,000

(12004800

Inupiaq

U1S

/P

11,0006,000

(18,00017.000 C

anada)(41.000

41.000 Greenland)

Tsim

shianlT

simshian .

1,000200

(8.0003.500 C

anadg)

Haida

Haida

1

500100

(1.200200 C

anada)

Tlingit talli T

lingit.

9,0002,000

(500200 C

anada)

Atha.baskan-E

yak

Eyak

1111111E

yak20

R.

S

wC

haphno

IG

ambell

a-L'"J

IV

At ha baskanisiM

Zt

171

Ahtna

600200

Tanatna

900250

300100

16025

Koyukon

2,200700

Upper K

uskokwim

150140

Ingalik

Holikachuk

Tanana.

Tanacross

Upper T

anana

360100

160120

300250

Han

6020

(fewfew

Canada )

Kutchin

1,200700

(1,200500 C

anada)

Other:C

anada- 22,000

20,000C

alifornia,Oregon

1,00050

Apache-

15,00014.000

Navajo

.150,000

145,060)

art. Paul

of

St. G

eorg

It

CO

)

a

X/

1

O

ISLA

ND

S

.4o

A

-406,41104-es5

o

se**9

dad

Qa.

.10

Wainw

right

Point H

ope

Kivaliita

-

Shishm

aref

Iv

Hooper B

ay

AT

OrtonE

ninl

Ala kan u

oW

hits tkuntaLthE

lias

Sound

St. M

ich

3Stebbins

0

r

4

44-

G.

, Js

o

/ .7

.^4

NaikaraNw..---71.

"JP

,A9

digit _ 46m\

N"'Nob

4 4

A;11111,

41

uzinkieleK

odiak

Nat

Land

2.T

his map show

s what language is spoken in each native village.

Only native village

and towns w

ith over 10 per cent nativepopulations are show

n. An indication of the size (1974 estim

ate) of thenative population of each of these villages and tow

ns is given asfollow

s:0',m

aid,1

100,Selaw

ik250 -- 500

venetie100

150Q

Hoonah

5001000

J.

' O H

ydaburg150

Bethel

1000+

The extent to w

hich the language has been passed on to the youngergeneration is also show

n, as follows:

>

° 0 Very few

or none of the children speak the language`0 (.11 Som

e of the children speak the language_A

I

Most or all of the children speak the lA

guage

Each area defined by a separate color represents a language area.

Important dialkt 'subdivisions w

ithin a language are shown by

dashed lines.T

he choice of colors is intended to give an impression of the

relationships between the langliages,

with related or sim

ilarlanguages show

n in similar colors.

9T

.0.11111

NM

oosehide0 D

awson

vepe

ople

s an

des

of A

la.

Ala

ska

Nat

ive

Lang

uage

Cen

ter

)a-d

iyis

ion

of th

e C

ente

r fo

r N

orth

ern

Edu

catio

nal R

esea

rch

Uni

vers

ity o

f Ala

ska

Fai

rban

ks, A

lask

a -1

974

IN+

CO

..

Com

pile

d by

Mic

hael

E. K

raus

s

The

re a

re tw

enty

Ala

ska

nativ

e la

ngua

ges.

Esk

imo-

Ale

ut is

one

lang

uage

fam

ily, w

ith A

leut

ialv

Ale

ut a

s on

e br

anch

, and

EsI

cini

o as

the

othe

rAhe

re a

re f

our

Esk

imo

lang

uage

s in

Ala

ska,

thre

e of

them

Yup

ik (

Sugl

iiaq

Ale

ut, C

entr

al Y

upik

, and

Sib

eria

n Y

upik

) an

d th

eot

her

Inup

iaq.

Ath

abas

kan

-Eya

k is

ano

ther

iang

uage

fam

ily, w

ith th

ene

arly

ext

inct

Eya

k as

fin

ez.E

ranc

h, a

nd a

ll th

e A

thab

aska

n la

ngua

ges

as th

e ot

her.

The

re a

re' e

leve

n A

thab

aska

n la

ngua

ges

in A

lask

a,di

ffer

ing

from

eac

h ot

her

to v

aryi

ng d

egre

es. T

lingi

t is

in s

ome

way

sdi

stan

tly r

elat

eli t

o A

thab

aska

n an

d E

3iak

. Hai

da is

a c

ompl

etel

ydi

ffer

ent l

angp

aige

.,,-s

pokn

als

o in

Can

ada.

Tsi

msh

ian

is a

lso

aco

mpl

etel

y di

ffer

at la

ngua

ge;s

poke

n m

ostly

in C

anad

a. T

he in

set

map

of

Nor

th A

mer

ica,

sho

ws

the

grea

t spr

ead/

Of

Iiiti

piaq

Esk

imo

acro

ss C

anad

a an

d G

reen

land

, and

of

Ath

abas

lan'

thro

ugh

Can

ada,

inO

rego

n an

d C

alif

orni

a, a

nd in

the

Sout

hwes

t (N

avaj

o an

d A

pach

e).

Cop

yrig

ht C

197

5 by

the

Ala

ska

Nat

ive

Lan

guag

e C

ente

r. U

nive

rsity

of

Ala

ska.

Fai

rban

ks, A

lask

aPr

inte

d in

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es o

f A

mer

ica

Y

'Non

e of

the

Ala

ska

nativ

e la

ngua

ges

wer

e w

ritte

n be

fore

the

com

ing

of th

e R

ussi

ans.

The

fir

st w

ritte

n A

lask

an la

ngua

ge W

as A

leut

,us

ing

a Sl

avon

ic a

lpha

bet.

The

fir

st A

leut

boo

ks w

ere

prin

ted

in I

ki.

By

now

, goo

d w

ritin

g sy

stem

s ha

ve b

een

deve

lope

d fo

r al

l Ala

ska

nativ

e la

ngua

ges,

and

boo

ks h

ave

been

pri

nted

inm

ost

of th

em.

.eac

h A

lask

a na

tive

lang

uage

has

its

own

intr

icat

e be

auty

, a h

ighl

yco

mpl

ex a

nd r

egul

ar g

ram

mar

and

eno

rmou

s vo

cabi

llary

Thi

s ha

s/

been

dev

elop

ed b

y th

e pe

ople

dye

r th

e th

ousa

nds

of y

ears

they

hav

eliv

ed in

this

are

a.

Rec

ently

the

hist

ory

of th

ese

lang

uage

s ha

s be

en tr

agic

. Fro

m a

bout

1900

unt

il th

e 19

60s,

nat

ive

lang

uage

s w

ere

seve

rely

sup

pres

sed.

Chi

ldre

n w

ere

puni

shed

for

spe

akin

g th

eir

nativ

e la

ngua

ge in

sch

ool.

The

y w

ere

forc

ed to

aba

ndon

thei

r la

ngua

ge, i

n or

der

to'e

akE

nglis

h on

ly. I

n 19

72, t

he A

lask

a St

ate

Leg

isla

ture

pth

eB

iling

ual E

duca

tion

bill,

giv

ing

child

ren

the

righ

t to

use

and

c tiv

ate

'th

eir

nativ

elan

guag

e in

sch

ool,

and

also

est

ablis

hed

the

Ala

ska'

Nat

ive

Lan

guag

e. C

ente

r at

the

Uni

vers

ity o

f A

lask

a, F

airb

anks

. Man

yim

port

ant d

evel

opm

ents

are

taki

ng p

lace

now

to m

aint

ain

for

futu

rege

nera

tions

of

Ala

skan

s th

e pr

ecio

us h

erita

ge o

f th

eir

nativ

ela

ngua

ges

and

cultu

rep

a

41'

tI

',' ,' , ,4,

,s . ,, '; ,,,' ,", :,,',', ,^' , ,,:',:,,°, \ ''', ;,

H" ,,'' '''''111 ,,' ' ," , ,' " ' ' ., ',';",',, " ,

1 '

k

9

, .

\IL. 1 ,,,,,' ,,:','' r f

'-' it:,u'..,,A illweo,.....i......2,......{,-1..1:.,.,...: .-.3-...- t-..........., 4.....rPii,,,,, ......441.1,

2,0

rt

The E

skimo-A

leut language family has spread far beyond A

laska: Yupik E

skimoto Siberia, lilupiaq E

skimci across

Canada to G

reenland, and more recently (1826) A

leut to the Com

mander Islands, U

SSR. T

he Athabaskan languages

have also spread far beyond Alaska, through C

anada, even to the Mcx-tcanbordet(N

avajo and Apache), w

itIseveralsm

all groups (now m

ostly extinct) in between. A

s the Table of

.LL

itigtaaseoups show

s, tke populations speakinglanguages of A

laskan origin are now m

ucji greater elsewhere than m

.laa itself. Morerecently, T

lingit has spreadinto C

anada, and Haida and T

simshian have spread from

Canada into A

laska.

1111111,146,

H

4

tirtworlipoi

A

VPort

Prin\ce Rupe

\Skidegate

A