Blood components&

Indications

ByBy

Mehtab Hussain ShahMehtab Hussain Shah

B.S MLT 06B.S MLT 06

INTRODUCTION Blood component therapy allows several Blood component therapy allows several

patients to benefit from one unit of donated patients to benefit from one unit of donated whole blood.whole blood.

Whole blood is the source of component Whole blood is the source of component production.production.

Blood can be separated into various Blood can be separated into various components by different speed centrifugation components by different speed centrifugation technique.technique.

Blood components include RBCs ,Platelets,FFP Blood components include RBCs ,Platelets,FFP etc.etc.

PRINCIPLE

Different blood components Different blood components are separated from whole blood by are separated from whole blood by different speed of centrifugation different speed of centrifugation technique.technique.

PREPARATION

Prepared by two methods;Prepared by two methods;

Open System less safeless safe shorter lifeshorter life

Closed system maintain internal sterilitymaintain internal sterility maintain original out datemaintain original out date

Blood Components Description

Packed cellsPacked cells Random platelets concentrationRandom platelets concentration FFPFFP CryoprecipitateCryoprecipitate PlasmaPlasma GranulocyteGranulocyte CMV negative bloodCMV negative blood Irradiated bloodIrradiated blood Washed bloodWashed blood Leukocyte reduced cellsLeukocyte reduced cells

Red blood cells

One unit of packed cells contain. One unit of packed cells contain. approximately 200 ml red cells and 10-40 approximately 200 ml red cells and 10-40 ml of plasma.ml of plasma.

Hct should be < 80%.Hct should be < 80%.

Self life = 35 days in CPDA-1 1-6 Self life = 35 days in CPDA-1 1-6 °°c.c.

Shelf life in 24 hours in open system.Shelf life in 24 hours in open system.

Indication

For patient with symptomatic For patient with symptomatic anemia.anemia.

Also used for new born exchange. Also used for new born exchange. transfusion.transfusion.

One unit should raise Hb 1 g/dl and One unit should raise Hb 1 g/dl and Hct by 3-4 % in average adult.Hct by 3-4 % in average adult.

Leukocyte Reduced

Prepared by in line filtration or Prepared by in line filtration or concentration of leukocyte reduction concentration of leukocyte reduction filter.filter.

Leukocyte reduced RBCs should contain Leukocyte reduced RBCs should contain <5x10*6 WBCs and retain 85% of <5x10*6 WBCs and retain 85% of original red cells.original red cells.

Shelf life is 35 days in CPDA-1 and 24 Shelf life is 35 days in CPDA-1 and 24 hours in an open system.hours in an open system.

Indication To reduced the febrile non-hemolytic transfusion To reduced the febrile non-hemolytic transfusion

reaction.reaction.

To reduced and remove micro aggregates.To reduced and remove micro aggregates.

To reduced risk of all immunization.To reduced risk of all immunization.

Prevention of CMV infection.Prevention of CMV infection.

To induce an immunosuppressive effect in To induce an immunosuppressive effect in transplant patients.transplant patients.

Platelets Prepared from whole blood with in 8 hours Prepared from whole blood with in 8 hours

by centrifugation process.by centrifugation process.

Each unit contains approximately 5x10*10 Each unit contains approximately 5x10*10 platelets in 50-70ml plasma.platelets in 50-70ml plasma.

Store at room temperature (20-24 Store at room temperature (20-24 °°c) on c) on continuous agitation.continuous agitation.

Shelf life is 24 hours to 5 days depending Shelf life is 24 hours to 5 days depending on collection system.on collection system.

Indications Adult dose 4-6 units of random donor Adult dose 4-6 units of random donor

platelets.platelets.

Platelets count < 5x10*9 /L for minors Platelets count < 5x10*9 /L for minors surgeries and normal deliveries.surgeries and normal deliveries.

Platelets count < 100 x 10*9 /L For major Platelets count < 100 x 10*9 /L For major surgeries.surgeries.

Platelets count <10x10*9/L to prevent Platelets count <10x10*9/L to prevent spontaneous bleeding.spontaneous bleeding.

FFP Prepared from whole blood by Prepared from whole blood by

centrifugation and frozen at -18 c or below centrifugation and frozen at -18 c or below within 8 hours of collection.within 8 hours of collection.

It contains both labile and non-labile factors It contains both labile and non-labile factors in a volume of 250 ml.in a volume of 250 ml.

Thawed unit can be stored 1-6 Thawed unit can be stored 1-6 °°c upto 5 c upto 5 days.days.

Shelf life is 12 months at -18 Shelf life is 12 months at -18 °°c and can be c and can be stored up to 7 years at -65 stored up to 7 years at -65 °°c .c .

Indications

As a replacement of isolated factor deficiencies.As a replacement of isolated factor deficiencies.

To reserve the effect of sodium warfarin.To reserve the effect of sodium warfarin.

In massive case transfusion.In massive case transfusion.

In antithrombin iii deficiencies.In antithrombin iii deficiencies.

For treatment of immuno deficiencies.For treatment of immuno deficiencies.

For treatment of thrombocytopenia purpura.For treatment of thrombocytopenia purpura.

In coagulopathy.In coagulopathy.

Cryoprecipitate Also called antihemophilic factor.Also called antihemophilic factor.

Prepared from plasma by freezing technique.Prepared from plasma by freezing technique.

It contains >80 IU factor viii (AHF) >150 mg of It contains >80 IU factor viii (AHF) >150 mg of fibrinogen and most of the factor xiii and von fibrinogen and most of the factor xiii and von willibrand factor.willibrand factor.

Frozen within 1 hour of preparation.Frozen within 1 hour of preparation.

Store at -18 Store at -18 °°c or below for up to 1 year.c or below for up to 1 year.

Indications I/V supplement of fibrinogen e.g. in DIC I/V supplement of fibrinogen e.g. in DIC

(disseminated intravascular coagulation).(disseminated intravascular coagulation).

Von willibrand diseases.Von willibrand diseases.

Factor xiii deficiencies.Factor xiii deficiencies.

Fibrin sealant also called fibrin glue.Fibrin sealant also called fibrin glue.

In hemophilia A.In hemophilia A.

Granulocytes

Prepared by Buffy coat harvest form Prepared by Buffy coat harvest form fresh whole blood.fresh whole blood.

Store at 20-24 Store at 20-24 °°c without agitation c without agitation for 24 hours.for 24 hours.

Indications

Neonatal sepsis.Neonatal sepsis.

Stem cell grafting.Stem cell grafting.

Neutropenia.Neutropenia.

Conclusion

Blood transfusion is an effect form of Blood transfusion is an effect form of therapy.therapy.

Component therapy allows transfusion of Component therapy allows transfusion of specific portion of blood that the patients specific portion of blood that the patients requires.requires.

Administration of unwanted component is Administration of unwanted component is avoided allowing several patients to benefit avoided allowing several patients to benefit from one donation.from one donation.