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Silvics Analytic Timing of Site Preparation and Post-Plant Weed Control to Optimize Pine Growth Integration of research results from three region-wide studies D.K. Lauer

D.K. Lauer

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Timing of Site Preparation and Post-Plant Weed Control to Optimize Pine Growth Integration of research results from three region-wide studies. D.K. Lauer. South US Timber Types Percent of 201 Million Acres From: Wear and Greis 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Timing of Site Preparation and Post-Plant Weed Control to

Optimize Pine Growth

Integration of research results from

three region-wide studies

D.K. Lauer

Page 2: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

South US Timber TypesPercent of 201 Million Acres

From: Wear and Greis 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment

15%

Pine plantation

Natural Pine

Mixed Oak-Pine

Upland Hardwood

Lowland Hardwood

Page 3: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Associated Vegetation Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) range

Southeast U.S.

• 490 species estimated across just 13 pine plantation study sites (Miller et al. 2003)

• 68 species of trees• 33 species/genera of shrubs• 140 genera of herbaceous and others

Page 4: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

2 Major FindingsVegetation Control

Strategy

Page 5: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Early benefits of herb control can be negated by woody vegetation!

(from Miller et al. 2003 SJAF)

Age 15 merchantable volume

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Vo

lum

e (

ft3 a

c-1)

Herb Herb ControlControl

Herb + Herb + WoodyWoodyControlControl

Page 6: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Can double production by eliminating competing vegetation!

(from Miller et al. 2003 SJAF)

Age 15 Merchantable Volume

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Vo

lum

e (f

t3 a

c-1)

None

Herb Control

Woody Control

Herb+Woody Control

GOAL

Page 7: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Operational Strategy• Chemical site prep

• Control arborescent woody• Control woody shrubs• Provide initial herbaceous control

• Post-plant Herbaceous weed control• Extend herbaceous control

Page 8: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

2001 and 2002 BASF Study Locations

4 Chopper Timing with Bedding

5 LCP HWC after Chopper Site Prep

3 UCP HWC after Chopper Site Prep

Page 9: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper TimingHistorical Use Guidelines

• Chopper + triclopyr targeted for later season:• Perception of enhanced performance• Perception of improved residual control

• Timing relative to bedding• Apply at least 4 weeks before• Wait for good re-growth after bedding

Page 10: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Timing - Results New Guidelines Relate to

• When bedding is done

• When applications are made

• Application timing

• Season of application

Page 11: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Study Series 2001-1Chopper Timing with Bedding

4 Locations

• 48 oz Chopper + 1 or 2 pints Garlon 4 + 5 qt MSO

• No post-plant HWC

Page 12: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Timing with Bedding Series

• Mid-season or late-season bedding

• Applications before and after bedding

After BedBefore Bed

Page 13: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Acknowledgements

• Study sites and operational bedding provided by: • Boise Cascade• Foley Timber and Land Company• Plum Creek Timber Company• Rayonier

Page 14: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

• Locations– Oakdale, LA (Caddo-P to MW Silt-loam)– Whiteville, NC (Torhunta-VP to P Sandy-loam)– Yulee, FL (Goldhead-P sand w/clay loam subsoil)– Tennille, FL (Leon-P fine sand)

• Common Species– Maples, sweetgum, bays, waxmyrtle, herbs– Gallberry, redroot, grasses– Blackberry

Study Sites

Page 15: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Mid-Season Bedding

Page 16: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Mid-season Bed - Application Timeline

0

1

2

3

4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Day of year

Lo

cati

on

Before Bed After

Feb 24 May 23 July 25 Nov 6

Page 17: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Application Timing Mid-season bedding

Vegetation - June of 1st growing season

0

20

40

60

80

100

Untreat

ed

Befor

e M

ar 2

AprilM

ay

June-

July

0 day

s af

ter

1-2

wks

afte

r

3-6

wks

afte

r

7-9

wks

afte

r

> 9

wks

afte

r

Co

ver

(%) Herb

Woody

--- Before Bed --- ------- After Bed -------

Page 18: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Yulee LocationAugust 22, 2001- Untreated Plots

11 weeks after June 7 bed 13 weeks before Nov 19 bed

Page 19: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Yulee, FLNovember 6, 2001

App 1 day before June 7 bed App just hours after June 7 bed

Page 20: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Tennille, FLFebruary 24 Application

February 24, 2001 August 21 – 13 weeks after bed

Page 21: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Tennille, FLAugust 21, 2001

App 2 days before May 23 bedUntreated Check – May 23 bed

Page 22: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Whiteville, NCJune 12 bedding

April 17 app June 12 bedding

Page 23: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Oakdale, LAJune 24, 2001

June 12 application June 12 application

Page 24: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Late-Season Bedding

Page 25: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Late-season Bed - Application Timeline

0

1

2

3

4

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Day of year

Lo

cati

on

Before Bed After

Feb 24 May 21 Sept 27 Nov 19

Page 26: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Yulee, FL - Nov 6, 2001 (Nov 19 bedding)

April 19 application June 6 application

Sept 18 application Nov 6 (frost) application

Page 27: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Application Timing Late-season bedding

Vegetation - June of 1st growing season

0

20

40

60

80

100

Untreat

ed

Befor

e M

ar 2

AprilM

ay

June-

July

August

Sept

Oct

0-3

days

afte

r

Co

ve

r (%

) Herb

Woody

--------------- Before Bed ---------------

Page 28: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Response

Mid-Season Bedding

Page 29: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Volume Index (year 2)Mid-Season Bed – Sandy Soils

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

Feb-Jun 0-3 daysafter

Jun-Aug Nov Untreated(bed only)

Application timing

Vo

lum

e i

nd

ex (

in3)

----

-- B

edd

ing

----

--

44% increase

Page 30: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Volume Index (year 2)Fine Textured Soils – Mid Season Bed

0.02.04.06.08.0

10.012.014.016.018.020.0

Mar-Julbefore bed

0-2 wks Aug-Sep Untreated(Bed only)

Vo

lum

e in

dex

(in

3)

----

-- B

edd

ing

----

--

---- After Bedding----

Page 31: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Response

Late-Season Bedding

Page 32: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Volume Index (year 2)Late-Season Bed - Sandy Soils

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

Feb-Jun Jun-Sep Oct-Nov 1-3 daysafter

Untreated(Bed Only)

Application timing

Vo

lum

e in

dex

(in

3 )

----

-- B

edd

ing

----

--

46% Increase

Page 33: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine Volume Index (year 2)Fine Textured Soils – Late Season Bed

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Mar-Jul Aug-Oct 0-3 wks afterbed

Untreated(Bed Only)

Vo

lum

e in

dex

(in

3)

----

Bed

din

g --

--

------- Before Bed ------

25% increase

Page 34: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Optimal Chopper TimingMid-Season Bed

• June through September at least 3 weeks after bedding

• February up to the day before bedding

• Wait for target species to leaf out.

Page 35: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Optimal Chopper TimingLate-Season Bed

• February through July

• Wait for target species to leaf out

Page 36: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Herbaceous Weed Control Timing

After Chopper Site Prep

Page 37: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

HWC after Chopper Site Prep LCP Studies

• Chopper™ Site Prep Rate• 32, 48, 64 oz per acre

• Site Prep Date• July-August• October-November

Page 38: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

HWC after Chopper Site Prep LCP

• Herbaceous weed control with Arsenal™ AC (4 oz)+ sulfometuron (2oz)

1) None

2) 1st March

3) 1st June

4) 2nd March

5) 1st March + 2nd March

6) 1st June + 2nd March

Page 39: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Post-plant herbaceous control following Chopper Site prep

• Two timings and three rates of Chopper Site Prep• Different timings of post-plant herbaceous weed

control

Page 40: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine response to HWC after Chopper Site Prep

Basic Findings

• 1st year HWC more important than 2nd year HWC

• 1st year HWC important when there is > 20% cover in June

• 1st year HWC is not important when there is less than 10% cover in June

Page 41: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pine response to HWC after Chopper Site Prep

Basic Findings (continued)

• First Year - March applications were better or similar to June applications

• 2nd year HWC increases pine response if weeds are present and controlled

Page 42: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Pines Responded to Vegetation Control

High Fertility and Tillage were not Substitutes

Page 43: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

SI25 75 ft (23m)Year 3 Loblolly Pine Volume Index

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2X Bed 1X Bed + Chopper

Vo

lum

e i

nd

ex

(in

3) No HWC

First Year HWC

Increasing Level of Vegetation Control

Page 44: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Quality Matters• Chopper was a good base for post-

plant treatments

Page 45: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

231 243264

334384

0

100

200

300

400

None 1-March 1-June 2-March 2X

Herbaceous Treatment Timing

Ste

m V

olu

me

Ind

ex (

in3)

June cover = 4%

Green Swamp, NCPine After Three Years

Page 46: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

0

20

40

60

80

100

1-June 1-August 1-October 2-June 2-October

Wee

d c

ove

r (%

)

No HWC Yr 2 March HWC

Green Swamp, NCImpact of Year 2 March HWC

Page 47: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

August 2 2002

Page 48: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

End of 3rd growing season

Page 49: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

122

225

188152

259

0

100

200

300

None 1-March 1-June 2-March 2X

Herbaceous Treatment Timing

Ste

m V

olu

me

Ind

ex (

in3)

June cover = 27%

Oakdale, LAPine After Three Years

Page 50: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

0

20

40

60

80

100

1-June 1-August 1-October 2-June 2-October

Wee

d c

ove

r (%

)

No HWC Yr 1 March HWC

Oakdale, LAImpact of Year 1 March HWC

Page 51: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

LCP Results

• Cover > 20% in June of first year• Apply HWC in first year

• anytime through June• early for best pine response

• Add a second year treatment

• Cover < 10% in June of first year• Apply HWC early in second year

Page 52: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Ivan 2004

Page 53: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Page 54: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

HWC combined with Chopper Site Prep - UCP

Page 55: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Site Prep Treatments UCP

• Chopper Timings• July, October 2002

• Chopper Rates• 32, 48, and 64 oz/ac

Page 56: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

HWC Timing UCP4 oz Arsenal + 2 oz Sulfometuron

– None 2003– None 2003 + March 2004

– March 2003 – March 2003 + March 2004

– June 2003– June 2003 + March 2004

Page 57: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Herbaceous Weed Control Timing

First Year March >= First Year June

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ste

m V

olu

me (

in3)

1st Year Tmt

Alabama Arkansas Louisiana

Page 58: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Herbaceous Weed Control TimingFirst Year June >= Second Year March

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Alabama Arkansas Louisiana

Ste

m V

olu

me

(in

3)

1st Year June 2nd Year March

Page 59: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Herbaceous Weed Control TimingTreat 2X with High Competition Levels

0

20

40

60

80

100

March June March June March June

Ste

m V

olu

me

(in

3)

1st Year Tmt Plus 2 nd Year March

+ 34%

Alabama Arkansas Louisiana

Page 60: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Barnett Crossroads, ALChopper as a good base for HWC

0102030405060708090

0 20 40 60 80 100

Average year 1 and 2 total cover (%)

Yea

r 2

pin

e vo

lum

e (i

n3)

Chopper

No Chopper

1st March or 1st March+2nd March

2nd March

No HWC

1st June or 1st June+2nd March

Page 61: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Barnett Crossroads vs. Atmore COMPTotal Height - Year 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

No Chopper Chopper Site Prep Atmore COMP

Fee

t

Check March HWC-Year 1 Max

Page 62: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Barnett Crossroads vs. Atmore COMPGLD - Year 2

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

No Chopper Chopper Site Prep Atmore COMP

Inch

es

Check March HWC-Year 1 Max

Page 63: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Chopper Site Prep Improves Quality of 1st March Arsenal + Sulfometuron

Year 2 Pines

0 oz Chopper Site Prep 48 oz Chopper Site Prep

Page 64: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Conclusions

• The historical limitations on Chopper site prep with bedding were too restrictive

• Chopper applications should be done earlier in the year than previously thought

Page 65: D.K. Lauer

Silvics Analytic

Conclusions

• Chopper site prep combined with the proper HWC treatment regime is a viable operational strategy to achieve yields observed in research studies