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Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Collaborative Network: an Overview of Machines and Energy on a National Scale P. Krein, P. Chapman Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

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Page 1: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics

Collaborative Network: an Overview of Machines and Energy on a National Scale

P. Krein, P. ChapmanGrainger Center for Electric Machinery

and ElectromechanicsDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Page 2: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Introduction

• CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits)– Purdue University– University of California at Berkeley– Georgia Institute of Technology– University of Wisconsin – Madison– The Ohio State University– Oregon State University

• Highlights of one or two activities at each school• Time for discussion of directions and needs

Page 3: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Purdue University

• Electromechanical and systems requirements for more-electric naval vessels.– Transform the fleet, not just a ship.– System requirements and vulnerabilities have

changed: in the last several major naval incidents, physical damage was limitedbut system failure was complete.

– Must be able to function throughfirst-level damage.

www.defenseindustrydaily.com

Page 4: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Purdue University

• Genetic-algorithm-based system-level optimization.– Examples include optimization based on mission

requirements.– Optimize operation subject to rational damage

scenarios.• Ultra-fast simulation

– Applying approaches that perform time simulation faster than real time.

Page 5: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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University of California at Berkeley

• Direct electromechanical generation from engines– Integrated generator methods for Stirling engine.– The figure of merit for energy conversion is really

cost per output joule. Efficiency is less germane.• Microengines

– Rotary engine at millimeter scale with integrated generator.

– Favorable possibilities relative to batteries and small fuel cells.

• Robot microactuators

Page 6: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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University of California at Berkeley

• Interests in PWM modulation processes and noise management.

• Much interaction with industry in areas of analog integrated circuits and integrated power.

Page 7: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Georgia Institute of Technology

• Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech and Illinois are the largest ECE programs).

• Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility transferred from Georgia Power.

• Interaction with mechanical engineering.• New faculty member in analog and power

integrated circuits.

Page 8: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Georgia Institute of Technology

• Online diagnostics for machines– Interpret current waveforms for various problems.– Applications include internal failures, bearing

condition monitoring, imbalance detection.– Certain classes of problems are hard to distinguish.

Various combinations of forward-sequence, backward-sequence, and d-q transformation concepts can help.

• In smaller machines, bearing failures are the most common failure mechanism.

Page 9: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Georgia Institute of Technology

• Machine design is actively taught.• One example: small generator to optimize

power extraction from a reciprocating source.

• Do the extraction directly rather than with (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous motion.

• Global energy challenges: in many areas, 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial impact on living conditions.

Page 10: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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University of Wisconsin

• Strong industry support and industry programs.

• “Self-sensing” drive technologies in which sensors are integrated with machines or with drive circuits.

• Very strong experimental activity, including a number of drives at a range of power levels.

Page 11: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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University of Wisconsin

• “Modular machines”– Discrete pole arrangements that can be

assembled in piecewise fashion.– Opportunity to integrate pole-based drives with

individual machine poles.– Challenge in dimensional consistency and rigidity.

• Good interaction between aspects of power systems and aspects or machines and power electronics.

Page 12: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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The Ohio State University

• Analysis-based machine design is alive and well. Several industrial projects.

• Example: discrete-pole machine with high pole count for washing machine application.

• Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible applications.

• Example: concentric machine with one PM rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an electric differential action.

Page 13: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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The Ohio State University

• Ohio State maintains one of very few high voltage labs.

• Lab work is directed at dielectrics and insulation, and to a lesser extent at operational issues in power systems.

Page 14: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Oregon State University

• Strong effort right now in ocean wave energy.

• Challenge:convert verticalmotion toelectricity.

• Directconversion isneeded.

eecs.oregonstate.edu

Page 15: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Oregon State University

• Interesting aspect: the political and social efforts associated with licenses and siting.

• Even very careful and diligent preparation leads to a long, involved process.

• The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy potential to more than supply the entire state.

Page 16: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Discussion

• Outside of CEME, much electromechanics work seems to divide into various camps.

• Few researchers exploring broad design questions or attempting “apples to apples” technology comparisons.

• Design automation and design optimization remain excellent topics for current researchers.

Page 17: Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery ...publish.illinois.edu/grainger-ceme/files/2014/06/CEME207.pdfGrainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Discussion

• Innovations in electromechanics play a dominant role in energy as a whole.– Efficient machines would drop energy

requirements substantially.– Broad use of ac drives also yields high impact.– Electric and hybrid vehicles.– Other more-electric systems for ships, aircraft,

and many off-road mobile systems.