Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination

Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control

Discrimination in the VernacularThe Nature of Discriminated OperantsSignal Detection: Breast Self-ExaminationAttending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations

Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive ApproximationsThe Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes

Addendum 11A: Postdiscrimination GradientsAddendum 11B: Place Learning Versus Response Learning







The Three-Term Contingency

•In presence of S1, R1 may produce C1•In presence of S2, R2 may produce C2•S = Stimulus•R = Response•C= Consequence•When R1 in presence of S1 differs from R2 in presence of S2, we say that the individual discriminates S1 from S2




Basics to ApplicationsBasics to Applications

• From Pigeons and Key Pecks to Signal Detection and Breast Self-Examination

Signal-detection contingencies: Possible responses to the presence or the absence of a signal.

“Was there a signal?”

Signal in Context Context Only

“Yes” Hit(True Positive)

False Alarm(False Positive)

“No” Miss(False Negative)

Correct Rejection(True Negative)

Basics to ApplicationsBasics to Applications

• From Pigeons and Key Pecks to Signal Detection and Breast Self-Examination

• Three points made by the BSE example:

–The research was done by a behavior analyst trained in basic work with pigeons

–Discrimination learning is active: It is not about the stimuli but about discriminative responding

–We have to be taught even such basic discriminations as those involving our own bodies







• We cannot appeal to physics to define stimulus classes

• What makes something red is not based on physical properties such as wavelength

• A variety of sensory interactions may lead us to say something is red even if it includes no light from the red part of the spectrum (as in stage lighting)




• Attending to stimuli


• Establishing a discrimination



• Abolishing a discrimination




• Reversing a discrimination




• Reversing a discrimination

• Creating a conditional discrimination

• How is attention relevant to these research data?







Differential Reinforcement (Procedure)

Concentration of Effects of Reinforcement (Outcome)

Spread of Effects of Reinforcement (Outcome)

Differential Reinforcement by Approximations (Procedure)

Class

With Respect to Response Properties

Differentiation Induction Shaping Operant

With Respect to Stimulus Properties

Discrimination Generalization FadingDiscriminated Operant (Concept)

The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement







Documents

Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination