Direito Processual Penal - OAB

8/8/2019 Direito Processual Penal - OAB

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LXIII - o preso ser informado de seus direitos,

entre os quais o de permanecer calado, sendo-lhe

assegurada a assistncia da famlia e de

advogado;

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LIV - ningum ser privado da liberdade ou de

seus bens sem o devido processo legal;

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o direito expresso na CF contraditrio art.5, LV, CF.

o direito implcito na CF o direito de recorrer.

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o "a essncia do substantive due process of law reside na necessidade de proteger osdireitos e as liberdades das pessoas contra qualquer modalidade de legislao que serevele opressiva ou destituda do necessrio coeficiente de razoabilidade" (STF,ADIMC-1755/DF, rel. Ministro CELSO DE MELLO).

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LV - aos litigantes, em processo judicial ou

administrativo, e aos acusados em geral so

assegurados o contraditrio e ampla defesa, com

os meios e recursos a ela inerentes;

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fundamentada, de ofcio ou a requerimento das

partes, poder realizar o interrogatrio do ru

preso por sistema de videoconferncia ou outro

recurso tecnolgico de transmisso de sons e

imagens em tempo real, desde que a medida seja

necessria para atender a uma das seguintes

finalidades: (Redao dada pela Lei n 11.900, de

2009)

I - prevenir risco segurana pblica,

quando exista fundada suspeita de que o preso

integre organizao criminosa ou de que, poroutra razo, possa fugir durante o deslocamento;

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Art. 3o O civilmente identificado por documento original

no ser submetido identificao criminal, exceto

quando:

I estiver indiciado ou acusado pela prtica de

homicdio doloso, crimes contra o patrimnio praticados

mediante violncia ou grave ameaa, crime de receptao

qualificada, crimes contra a liberdade sexual ou crime

de falsificao de documento pblico;

II houver fundada suspeita de falsificao ou

adulterao do documento de identidade;


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Art. 24. Nos crimes de ao pblica,

esta ser promovida por denncia do

Ministrio Pblico, mas depender,

quando a lei o exigir, de requisio

do Ministro da Justia, ou de

representao do ofendido ou de quem

tiver qualidade para represent-lo.

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Art. 103 - Salvo disposio expressa

em contrrio, o ofendido decai do

direito de queixa ou de representao

se no o exerce dentro do prazo de 6(seis) meses, contado do dia em queveio a saber quem o autor do crime,

ou, no caso do 3 do art. 100 deste

Cdigo, do dia em que se esgota o

prazo para oferecimento da denncia

Art. 104 - O direito de queixa no

pode ser exercido quando renunciado

expressa ou tacitamente.

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Art. 42. O Ministrio Pblico no

poder desistir da ao penal.

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Art. 385. Nos crimes de ao pblica,

o juiz poder proferir sentena

condenatria, ainda que o Ministrio

Pblico tenha opinado pela absolvio,

bem como reconhecer agravantes, embora

nenhuma tenha sido alegada.

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Art. 106 - O perdo, no processo ou

fora dele, expresso ou tcito:

I - se concedido a qualquer dosquerelados, a todos aproveita.

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XLV - nenhuma pena passar da pessoa do condenado,

podendo a obrigao de reparar o dano e a decretao do

perdimento de bens ser, nos termos da lei, estendidas

aos sucessores e contra eles executadas, at o limite

do valor do patrimnio transferido;

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Renncia expressa ou tcita dodireito de queixa

Art. 104 - O direito de queixa no

pode ser exercido quando renunciado

expressa ou tacitamente.

Pargrafo nico - Importa renncia

tcita ao direito de queixa a prtica

de ato incompatvel com a vontade de

exerc-lo; no a implica, todavia, o

fato de receber o ofendido a

indenizao do dano causado pelocrime.

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Art. 49. A renncia ao exerccio do

direito de queixa, em relao a um dosautores do crime, a todos seestender.

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Art. 16. Nas aes penais pblicas condicionadas

representao da ofendida de que trata esta

Lei, s ser admitida a renncia representao perante o juiz, em audincia especialmentedesignada com tal finalidade, antes dorecebimento da denncia e ouvido o MinistrioPblico.

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Art. 35. Compete aos juizes:

II - processar e julgar os crimes eleitorais e os

comuns que lhe forem conexos, ressalvada a

competncia originria do Tribunal Superior e dos

Tribunais Regionais;

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Art. 79. A conexo e a continncia importaro

unidade de processo e julgamento, salvo:

I - no concurso entre a jurisdio comum e a

militar;

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'-+?-26(+(15,48(?0y/ &ningum ser preso seno em

flagrante delito, ou por ordem escrita e fundamentada de autoridade judiciria competente,

salvo nos casos de transgresso militar ou crime propriamente militar, definidos em lei

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Art. 142. As Foras Armadas, constitudas pela

Marinha, pelo Exrcito e pela Aeronutica, soinstituies nacionais permanentes e regulares,

organizadas com base na hierarquia e na

disciplina, sob a autoridade suprema do

Presidente da Repblica, e destinam-se defesa

da Ptria, garantia dos poderes constitucionais

e, por iniciativa de qualquer destes, da lei e da

ordem.

(...)

2 - No caber "habeas-corpus" em relao a

punies disciplinares militares.

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Art. 302. Considera-se em flagrante delito quem:

I - est cometendo a infrao penal;

II - acaba de comet-la;

III - perseguido, logo aps, pela autoridade,

pelo ofendido ou por qualquer pessoa, em situao

que faa presumir ser autor da infrao;

IV - encontrado, logo depois, com instrumentos,

armas, objetos ou papis que faam presumir ser

ele autor da infrao.


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Art. 312. A priso preventiva poder ser

decretada como garantia da ordem pblica, daordem econmica, por convenincia da instruo

criminal, ou para assegurar a aplicao da lei


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penal, quando houver prova da existncia do crime

e indcio suficiente de autoria.

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DIREITO [email protected]

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APLICAO DA LEI PENAL

I PRINCPIOS DA LEI PENAL

1. Princpio da Legalidade

1.1. Princpio da estrita legalidade ou reserva legalDefinio: Apenas a lei em sentido estrito (lei ordinria e lei complementar) pode criardireito penal.

Atos normativos (ex. medida provisria, decretos, regulamentos) NO podemcriar direito penal.

Este princpio vale para tudo: Para os crimes e para as penas.

Medida provisria no pode veicular direito penal,. Hot! hot!Art. 62, CF/88 e EC 32/01 1.

A lei a nica fonte formal imediata do direito penal.

A Unio pode delegar para os Estados atravs de lei Complementar.

1.2. Princpio da taxatividadeDefinio: A lei Penal tem completa, taxativa, detalhada, marcando exatamente aconduta incriminada.

Duas situaes relativizam a taxatividade: Hot! hot!

a) Norma penal em branco

Conceito: a norma cujo preceito primrio incompleto, e, portanto, precisa decomplementao por outro ato normativo.

competncia privativa de a Unio legislar sobre odireito Penal art. 22, pargrafo nico, CF.


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Duas espcies de norma penal em branco: Hot! hot!

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b) Tipo penal aberto

Conceito: aquele que possui elementos normativos.o Elementos normativos so aqueles que precisam de um juzo de valor

do aplicador da norma.

o Ex. Art. 233, CP 3UDWLFDUDWRREVFHQRGHSHQGHGHLQWHUSUHWDomRArt. 244, CP1mRSDJDUSHQVmRDOLPHQWtFLD'HL[DU6(0-867$&$86$pRHOHPHQWRQRUPDWLYR

o Elemento normativo DIFERENTE de elemento subjetivo. Este todo elemento relativo ao dolo, a inteno do agente.

1.3. Princpio da proibio analgicaConceito: a proibida a analogia em direito penal, salvo para beneficiar o ru.

2. Princpio da anterioridadeConceito: Significa que a lei penal tem que ser anterior ao fato incriminado.

II LEI PENAL NO TEMPO

1. Tempo do crime art. 4PPPP, CPConsidera-se praticado o crime no momento da ao ou omisso, ainda que outro seja o

momento do resultado, a TEORIA DA RELATIVIDADE, adotada pelo art. 4P.

A Teoria da Relatividade no se aplica na PRESCRIO, porque o legislador

no art. 111, CP, determinou que o PRAZO PRESCRICIONAL comea acorrer da data em que o crime se CONSUMOU.

2. Conflitos de lei no tempo (Direito Penal Intertemporal) so 03 regras:

2.1. Irretroatividade da lei MAIS severa/ gravosaEx. A lei 11.464/02 que entrou em vigor 29.03.07, passou a permitir progresso de regimedos crimes hediondos aps o cumprimento de 2/5 da pena. Anteriormente, no entanto, o STF j havia declarado a inconstitucionalidade do Regime Integral Fechado e permitindo aprogresso aps o cumprimento de 1/6 da pena. (No podia agora pode, para o ru malfica a lei).


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2.2. Retroatividade da lei mais benfica art. 2PPPP, CP

Alcance: A lei mais benfica retroage aplicando-se inclusive aos fatos

decididos por sentena transitada em julgado, art. 2 PSnico. Hot! hot!.

Espcies de Lei mais benfica, duas formas:

A) ABOLITIO CRIMINIS a lei nova que deixa de considerar o fato comocriminoso. Ex. Crime de Seduo e Crime de Adultrio.

O porte de drogas no foi descriminalizado, continua como crime embora notenha pena privativa de liberdade.


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Abolitio criminis trata de causa de EXTINO DA PUNIBILIDADE, a Lexmitier uma causa porque lei melhor retroage.

Abolitio criminis extingue todos os efeitos penais da sentena condenatriaEx. Execuo; reincidncia; antecedentes criminais...

B) NOVATIO LEGIS IN MELLIUS No vai abolir o crime, mas ir melhorar asituao do ru. Parou a aula neste ponto.

C) ULTRATIVIDADE DA LEI EXCEPECIONAL OU TEMPORRIA

So chamadas leis de vigncia temporria porque, ao contrrio damaioria das normas, no tem vigncia indeterminada, no aguardo de que

norma posterior as revogue.

A LEI EXCEPCIONAL a lei que s vigora durante determinada situaoexcepcional e depois de encerrada a situao ela se auto-revoga.

A ULTRATIVIDADE (sempre irradiam efeitos mesmo aps o final doprazo de sua vigncia) Ambas as Leis continuam aplicando-se aoscrimes cometidos na sua vigncia, mesmo aps a auto-revogao.

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III - LEI PENAL NO ESPAO: 7(55,725,$/,'$'((;75$7(55,725,$/,'$'(

a aplicao da lei penal no tempo e no espao, territorialidade e extraterritorialidade comrelao ao LUGAR DO CRIME TEORIA DA UBIQUIDADE.

1) TEORIA DO LUGAR DO CRIMEE (teoria mista) : LUTAL - lugarU - ubiquidadeT - tempoA atividade (momento da ao ou omisso)

Smula 711, SFT Aplica-se a lei mais severa ao crime permanente e continuada desde que

tenha entrado em vigor antes de cessada a continuidade ou permanncia+RWKRW


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o Ubiquidade (Teoria Mista) Considera-se praticado o crime tanto no lugar queocorreu a ao ou omisso, no todo ou em parte, quanto no lugar em que se produziu

ou deveria produzir-se resultado, Ler art. 6P, CP.

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2) CONFLITO DE LEIS NO ESPAO DIREITO PENAL INTERNACIONAL

o Direito Penal Internacional So as regras de direito interno que disciplinam a LeiPenal no espao.

Direito Internacional Penal So as regras de direito internacional (Tratadose Convenes) que tratam da temtica penal.

Duas regras regem o Direito Penal Internacional

a) PRINCPIO DA TERRITORIALIDADE TEMPERADA OU RELATIVA Aplica-se a Lei Brasileira ao crime cometido no Brasil, SALVO o disposto em tratados econvenes Internacionais. Ex. Conveno de Viena, 1963 prev imunidades diplomticas.

Conceito de TERRITRIO NACIONAL Concidera-se territrio nacional todo o lugar sobre oqual um estado Soberano exerce a sua jurisdio.

Duas espcies de territrio:1) Territrio Fsico O territrio nacional formado pela superfcie terrestre entre fronteiras,

guas territoriais e espao areo correspondente. Ou seja, o solo, sub-solo, mar territorial(12 milhas martimas) e a coluna area correspondente.

2) Territrio por extenso (No fsico) - o territrio jurdico ou territrio flutuante. Soconsideradas extenses do territrio nacional:

2.1 Embarcaes e aeronaves - Navios e aeronaves pblicos ou servio do governobrasileiro, onde quer que se encontrem. Hot! hot! .

2.2 Embarcaes e aeronaves privadas em alto mar ou espao areo correspondente.


84/147

2.3 Embarcaes e aeronaves estrangeiras privadas quando em territrios brasileiro.

Observao: Consulados e embaixadas no so considerados territrio de origem. Estoprevistos em tratados e convenes.

Tem imunidade: chefe da misso, corpo diplomtico e suas famlias

b) PRINCPIO DA EXTRATERRITORIALIDADE art. 7, CP

No territrio brasileiro, para crimes praticados fora do Brasil (artigo 7P, CP) seroabertos 02 processos (l e c)

Pode ser a extraterritorialidade: Incondicionada ouCondicionada, sendo que h uma hiptese com condies

especiais (art. 7P, 3PCP).

b.1) EXTRATERRIRORIALIDADE INCONDICIONADA

Aplicao da lei brasileira ao crime cometido fora do territrio nacional.

Aplica-se a lei brasileiro mesmo que o agente j tenha sido absolvido oucumprido pena no estrangeiro crime no esterior.. a exceo do bis inidem.

So 03 casos de extraterritorialidade incondicionada:a. Nos crimes contra PRESIDENTE DA REPBLICA, so os crimes

CONTRA A VIDA ou a LIBERDADE do Presidente.1. Obs. No o crime contra a honra do Presidente da

Repblica. Hot! hot!

b. Nos crimes contra a ADMINISTRAO PBLICA (contra opatrimnio ou f pblica da Unio, de estados, do Distrito federal, deTerritrios, de Municpios, de empresas pblicas, de sociedades deeconomia mista, autarquias ou fundaes institudas pelo poderPblico), praticados fora do Brasil sero julgados pela Lei Brasileira.

Princpio da Defesa Um bem jurdico atacado, um bem

jurdico pblico nacional: Embaixada, Presidente daRepblica

c. Nos crimes de GENOCDIO quando o agente for brasileiro oudomiciliado no Brasil. (Princpio da justia Universal)

Princpio da Universalidade A lei penal brasileira seraplicada no pas em que o crime foi praticado. Ex. Crimes deGenocdio; Trafico Internacional de Drogas, Tortura qualquer pas pode punir.

Obs.: Regra do art. 8, CP Pena cumprida no estrangeiro (ler).


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b.2) EXTRATERRITORIALIDADE INCONDICIONADA

Nesses casos s se aplica a lei brasileira subsidiariamente, desde que estejampresentes determinadas condies. (art. 7, 2, CP ).

Quais casos:

T Tratados e Convenes A Aeronaves ou embarcaes B Brasileiro

T Tratados e Convenes Crimes que por tratado ou conveno o Brasil se obrigou areprimir.

A Aeronaves ou embarcaes Crime cometido em aeronave ou embarcaobrasileira privada quando ocorrido no Estrangeiro e a no for julgado.

B Brasileiro Crime cometido por brasileiro ou contra brasileiro.

Princpios da Extraterritorialidade

PAG PRINCPIOS TAB - PRINCPIOSP Principio de Defesa T 3ULQFtSLRGD-XVWLoD8QLYHUVDOA Principio de Defesa A Princpio da representaoG 3ULQFtSLRGD-XVWLoD8QLYHUVDO B Princpio da nacionalidade

Princpio da Defesa Um bem jurdico atacado, um bem jurdico pblico nacional: Embaixada,

Presidente da Repblica.

Princpio da Universalidade A lei penal brasileira ser aplicada no pas em que o crime foi praticado.Ex. Crimes de Genocdio; Trafico Internacional de Drogas, Tortura qualquer pas pode punir.

Principio da representao - Bandeira brasileira .

Princpio da Nacionalidade

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Direito Processual Penal - OAB