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Direct democracies

Direct democracy(also known as pure democracy) is a form ofdemocracyin which

people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on, etc.) policy initiatives directly.

Two leading forms of direct democracy areparticipatory democracyanddeliberative

democracy.

Athenian democracyor classical democracy refers to a direct democracy developed in

ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens.

Also relevant is the history ofAncient Rome,specifically theRoman Republic,

beginning around 509 BC.The ancient Roman Republic had a system of citizen lawmaking,

or citizen formulation and passage of law, and a citizen veto of legislature-made law. Many

historians mark the end of the Republic with the passage of a law named theLex Titia,27November 43 BC.

[6]Yet Rome displayed many aspects of democracy, both direct and

indirect, from the era ofRoman monarchyall the way to the collapse of theRoman Empire.

Indeed theSenate,formed in the first days of the city, lasted through the Kingdom, Republic,

and Empire, and even continued after the decline of Western Rome; and its structure and

regulations continue to influence legislative bodies worldwide.

Apopular democracyis a type of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices

of empowerment and concretization of popular will.

Anindustrial democracyis an arrangement which involves workers making decisions,sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace (see alsoworkplace democracy).

Intra-party democracyrefers to the democratic process within asingle-party

stategovernment.

Representative democracies

Arepresentative democracyis an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the

people's representatives.

Aliberal democracyis a representative democracy with protection for individual liberty andproperty by rule of law. Anilliberal democracyhas weak or no limits on the power of the

elected representatives to rule as they please.

Types of representative democracy include:

Electoral democracytype of representative democracy based onelection,on

electoralvote,asmodernoccidentalorliberal democracies.

Dominant-party systemdemocratic party system where only one political party can

realistically become the government, by itself or in a coalition government.

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Parliamentary democracydemocratic system of government where the executive

branch of a parliamentary government is typically a cabinet, and headed by a prime

minister who is considered the head of government.

Westminster democracyparliamentary system of government modeled after

that of the United Kingdom system.

Jacksonian democracyform of democracy popularized by President Andrew

Jackson promoted the strength of the executive branch and the Presidency at

the expense of Congressional power.

Soviet democracyorCouncil democracyform of democracy where the workers of

a locality elect recallable representatives into organs of power called soviets

(councils.) The local soviets elect the members of regional soviets who go on to elect

higher soviets.

Totalitarian democracysystem of government in which lawfully elected

representatives maintain the integrity of a nation state whose citizens, while granted

the right to vote, have little or no participation in the decision-making process of the

government.

Ademarchyhas people randomly selected from the citizenry throughsortitionto either act

as general governmental representatives or to make decisions in specific areas of

governance (defense, environment, etc.).

Anon-partisan democracyis system of representative government or organization such that

universal and periodic elections (by secret ballot) take place without reference to political

parties.

Anorganic democracyis a democracy where the ruler holds a considerable amount of

power, but their rule benefits the people. The term was first used by supporters of

Bonapartism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-partisan_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-partisan_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-partisan_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-partisan_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonian_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system