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Digestive system
End Products of Digestion
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
End Products of Digestion
• Proteins Amino acids(used to make your own proteins)
• Carbohydrates Simple sugars (used by the mitochondria for energy) 1gram= 4Calories
• Lipids Fatty acids & glycerol (used for cell membranes, energy protection) 1gram= 9Calories
Trail Mix
DIGESTION
• The Acts of digestion requires:– mechanical means that increase the surface
area &– Chemicals such as ENZYMES, HCL, sodium
bicarbonate and water.
Digestion begin in the mouth
• Teeth –Mechanical digestion increase the surface area for enzymes to work upon.
• Chemical digestion- Saliva contains a salivary amylase which breaks down starch to maltose (disaccharide )
Mouth Ulcer
Epiglottis
Name the organs
1
8
5
4 2
10
7
6
3
9
11
Welcome to the esophagus
• Bolus-ball of food• Peristalsis- waved-
like contractions of smooth muscle: forces food along the digestive tract
• Esophagus= 25cm
Stomach
• Food holder• Secretions result from:
– Nerve action (brain)– Food contact w/ stomach– Hormone-gastrin
• Pepsin & HCL-break proteins into polypeptides chains– HCl kills bacteria– PH (acid) activates pepsin PH1-3– HCl dissolves mineralsCHYME-
Heartburn
Gastric Ulcer
Bleeding Ulcer
Toothbrush in stomach after 2 years : 30 year old female
Liver / Gall bladder
• 4 lbs• Produces Bile-
emulsification of fats (Physical)
• Contains no digestive enzymes!!!
• Large globs to small globs to increase the surface area
• Gall Bladder stores some bile.
Laparoscopic Gall Bladder removal
Pancreas
• Secretes 1st set of digestive enzymes
• Proteases, amylases and lipases
• Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid –PH -6—
Duodenum
Villi and glandular tissue of the duodenum
Intestinal glands
• Wall of the intestine secrete 2nd set of digestive enzymes (Proteases, amylases and lipases) completes digestion
• Amylases-maltase, surcease, .
• Secretion-hormone stimulates glands to secrete
Small Intestine
• Diffusion -22 ft long• Increase folds• Villi / microvilli• Thin membranes• Muscular contractions
Large Intestine
• No digestion of food• 1-Absorption of water• 2-Bacterial action –
production of vitamin K for proper blood clotting
• Rate of waste flow– Fast—Diarrhea– Slow– Constipation
Need fiber (cellulose) to clean the colon and possibly prevent polyps
Lap colon
Fecal transplantation
Tube pH Mass of Precipitate
(mg)123456
468101214
2.82.52.02.32.62.9
Application Trypsin -Protease
Application questions
• Medication for five days 7 6 5 4 3 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
PH of the stomach
Polyp on intestine wall
Large Intestine & contraction