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DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD
Historic and Immigration-based Multiculturalism
H A R I S R I N I VA SR O O M : I - 3 1 2 / 0 7 9 - 5 6 5 - 7 4 0 6
Studies in Multicultural Societies
“Multi”Cultural Societies?
Multicultural societies relates to
communities containing multiple
cultures.
A group of people living within a geographically
defined are …
Culture that can be defined using different criteria such as religion, fiid, language,
music, dance, art etc.
Multiculturalism in Australia
Australia by its very nature is a multicultural country. It was essentially created by three waves of migration:
1. Pre-historic ancient migration of people from Asia, who became the Australian aboriginals
2. Pre-World War II migration from Britain and other European countries
3. Post-World War II migration from Asia and other regions
WAVE
WAVE
WAVE
Multiculturalism in Australia
Original meaning
New meaning
People come to Australia from different countries with different cultural backgrounds
Australians have different cultural backgrounds which define their identity and ethnicity
The Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs in Australia estimated that, in 2010:
• 25% of the Australian workforce was born outside of Australia• 40% had at least one parent born outside of Australia.
Multiculturalism in Australia
Top 10 Countries of birth
Estimated resident population(2006)
Estimated resident population(2010)
United Kingdom 1,153,264 1,192,878
New Zealand 476,719 544,171
China 203,143 379,776
India 153,579 340,604
Italy 220,469 216,303
Vietnam 180,352 210,803
Philippines 135,619 177,389
South Africa 118,816 155,692
Malaysia 103,947 135,607
Germany 114,921 128,558
resident population.
Multiculturalism in Australia
Of course, Australia was not a perfect
multicultural society!
There were problems …
Multiculturalism in Australia
FOUR PRINCIPLES:
Multiculturalism makes Australia a vibrant and creative country
People of all cultures have equal opportunity to grow and expand
Multiculturalism provides much needed skills and labour to meet the needs of the economy
Australia opposes all forms of discrimination and intoleranceThe new multicultural policy
of Australia
Multiculturalism in Australia
Lessons learnt from Australia:
A nation created by historic movement of people, as well as recent migration, resulting in a multicultural society.
A government policy that clearly understands the meaning and benefits of multiculturalism, and uses it for the development of the country and its economy.
Multiculturalism is here to stay
The principle that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single community or country
There has always been problems with
multicultural societies
• Race discrimination• Fear and distrust of “strange
foreigners”• Different lifestyle abd values
Yes, we are still facing these problems …
Mixing Cultures
In multicultural societies, different cultures come together and mix …
As melting pots
As salad bowls
Everything gets mixed together!
Everything stays separate and unique!
Eg. New York
Eg. Singapore
People have always moved …
People have always moved from one
place to another …
Historically, as a part of a nomadic lifestyle, bringing people from different cultures togehter
More recently, government policies on migration have also brought people together
CREATINGMULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
Moving cultures
People take with them a number of different aspects of their culture, and take steps to preserve them in their new location
ReligionLanguage
FoodMusicDance
ArtDress
People have always moved …
People have always moved for different reasons:
Economic reasons: Trade and jobsReligious reasons: Pilgrimage
War and conflict: DisplacementAnd they have always taken their cultures with them!
Visible Culture: +anguage, art, music, dance, food, religion, dress etc.
Invisible Culture: Values, norms, morals etc.
Changing cultures
In the new places, people have made their mark in many ways –
They have destroyed the local culture and replaced their own culture
They have set up their own distinct corners in the country
They have integrated and become part of the local culture
Changing cultures
Integrated more broadly into the local
culture, but maintained their identity
Created pockets of unique cultures
different from the local culture
Destroyed and replaced local cultures
Historic trends in multiculturalism
Migration-based multiculturalism
Historic movement of people …
Examples of historic movement of people:
Africans moving north to Europe and other regions in prehistoric times
Malays moving south to different parts of southeast Asia
Mayans moving to different parts of south America
Creating multicultural societies in new places
Migration of people …
Examples of migration-based movement of people:
Europeans moving to the Americas
Dutch, British (and later others) settlers to South Africa
Chinese migrating to Southeast Asia
Creating multicultural societies in new places
Policy-making with Culture
The policies that we develop require people and communities to –
Implement activities
Interact as a groupWork towards a
goalChange behaviour
Understanding the dimensions of their
unique and individual culture helps us design policies that are
appropriate to the context and
culture.
Benefits of multiculturalism
But the benefits of multiculturalism are too many to ignore, including for example:
Increased innovation and creativityInteresting community character and
varietyEntrepreneurship for business
development and economic growth
Contact me …
Send me an email anytime!
Hari [email protected]
IMPORTANT: When you send an email, please always put “[SMS]” in the subject
line!
Resources, websites, ideas, notes will be available online:
www.gdrc.info/sms/
