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DIABETES INSIPIDUS By Bruna Corrales

Diabetes insipidus

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Diabetes insipidus. By Bruna Corrales. Definitons. Diabetes Insipidus ≠ Diabetes M ellitus From the Greek: Diabainein -"to pass through“ From Latin: Insipidus - "having no flavor". Normal Production of ADH. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Diabetes insipidus

DIABETES INSIPIDUSBy Bruna Corrales

Page 2: Diabetes insipidus

Definitons Diabetes Insipidus ≠ Diabetes

Mellitus

From the Greek:Diabainein -"to pass through“

From Latin:Insipidus - "having no flavor"

Page 3: Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus occurs when this precise system for regulating the kidneys' handling of fluids is disrupted.

Normal Production of ADH

Page 4: Diabetes insipidus

Central DI, Nephrogenic DI, Dipsogenic DI and Gestational DI.

Four types of Diabetes Insipidus

Page 5: Diabetes insipidus

Central DI Most common and serious type of DI.

Results from damage to the pituitary gland.

Disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH.

Causes : different diseases as well as by head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders.

Tratment: Demopressin (synthetic antidiuretic ).

Prevented : Helmets, sit belts and other protective equipaments.

Page 6: Diabetes insipidus

Nephrogenic DI Results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.

Cause :drugs (such as lithium) , chronic and inherited genetic disorders.

Sometimes the cause of Nephrogenic DI is never discovered.

Treatment : low-salt diet to reduce the amount of urine produced by the kidneys and diuretic called Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).

Prevention: Any known way.

Page 7: Diabetes insipidus

Dipsogenic DI Uncommon type of DI

Results in an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output.

Cause: defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism, which is located in the hypothalamus.

Treatment: no known long-term treatment.

Can’t use drugs prescribed to the other types of DI because they may decrease urine output but not the patient's thirst and fluid intake. At water intoxication can happen, reducing the concentration of sodium in the blood. It can seriously damage the patient's.

Prevention: Any known way

Page 8: Diabetes insipidus

Gestational DI Occurs only during pregnancy

Results when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother.

Treatment: Demopressin.

Prevention: Any known way.

Page 9: Diabetes insipidus

Symptoms and Signs

Normal person - 2.6 quarts (about 2.5 liters) of urine

Diabetes insipidus - 16 quarts (about 15 liters) of urine

Extreme thirst Excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine

Page 10: Diabetes insipidus

Diagnoses ( tests and exams)

Laboratory examination urine. Laboratory blood examination.

Miller-Moses, the water deprivation test.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .

Page 11: Diabetes insipidus

PrognosisHealth adults : Low rates of death Patients usually have normal lives, as long there is water

availablePeople with other illnesses, children and the elderly : Dehydration High levels of sodium in the blood Fever Cardiovascular collapse Eventual deathPregnant woman : Risk of preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy. Should follow carefully the doctor’s recommendation.

Page 12: Diabetes insipidus

Prognosis Be mindful of the importance of

balancing salt and water intake. Extra precautions against dehydration in

hot weather . Treat vomiting or diarrhea promptly

when traveling. Carry a medical alert card or wear a

medical alert bracelet.