Upload
ondrea
View
96
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Diabetes insipidus. By Bruna Corrales. Definitons. Diabetes Insipidus ≠ Diabetes M ellitus From the Greek: Diabainein -"to pass through“ From Latin: Insipidus - "having no flavor". Normal Production of ADH. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
DIABETES INSIPIDUSBy Bruna Corrales
Definitons Diabetes Insipidus ≠ Diabetes
Mellitus
From the Greek:Diabainein -"to pass through“
From Latin:Insipidus - "having no flavor"
Diabetes Insipidus occurs when this precise system for regulating the kidneys' handling of fluids is disrupted.
Normal Production of ADH
Central DI, Nephrogenic DI, Dipsogenic DI and Gestational DI.
Four types of Diabetes Insipidus
Central DI Most common and serious type of DI.
Results from damage to the pituitary gland.
Disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH.
Causes : different diseases as well as by head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders.
Tratment: Demopressin (synthetic antidiuretic ).
Prevented : Helmets, sit belts and other protective equipaments.
Nephrogenic DI Results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.
Cause :drugs (such as lithium) , chronic and inherited genetic disorders.
Sometimes the cause of Nephrogenic DI is never discovered.
Treatment : low-salt diet to reduce the amount of urine produced by the kidneys and diuretic called Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).
Prevention: Any known way.
Dipsogenic DI Uncommon type of DI
Results in an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output.
Cause: defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism, which is located in the hypothalamus.
Treatment: no known long-term treatment.
Can’t use drugs prescribed to the other types of DI because they may decrease urine output but not the patient's thirst and fluid intake. At water intoxication can happen, reducing the concentration of sodium in the blood. It can seriously damage the patient's.
Prevention: Any known way
Gestational DI Occurs only during pregnancy
Results when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother.
Treatment: Demopressin.
Prevention: Any known way.
Symptoms and Signs
Normal person - 2.6 quarts (about 2.5 liters) of urine
Diabetes insipidus - 16 quarts (about 15 liters) of urine
Extreme thirst Excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine
Diagnoses ( tests and exams)
Laboratory examination urine. Laboratory blood examination.
Miller-Moses, the water deprivation test.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .
PrognosisHealth adults : Low rates of death Patients usually have normal lives, as long there is water
availablePeople with other illnesses, children and the elderly : Dehydration High levels of sodium in the blood Fever Cardiovascular collapse Eventual deathPregnant woman : Risk of preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy. Should follow carefully the doctor’s recommendation.
Prognosis Be mindful of the importance of
balancing salt and water intake. Extra precautions against dehydration in
hot weather . Treat vomiting or diarrhea promptly
when traveling. Carry a medical alert card or wear a
medical alert bracelet.