Comforting wisdom for life

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Fortify your mind and be non-attached

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Realizing that this body is (as frag-ile) as a jar, establishing this mind (as firm)as a (fortifield) city, he should attack Marawith the weapon of wisdom. He shouldguard his conquest and be without attach-ment.The spirit which disturbed the monks

While residing at the Jetavana mon-astery in Sa-vatthi, the Buddha uttered Verse(40) of the Suttanta Pitaka, Khuddaka Nikaya,DHAMMAPADA (The highly Treasuredbook), Chapter III, Cittavagga (Mind),Pañcasatabhikkhu Vatthu, with reference tofive hundred bhikkhus.

A group of bhikkhus from Sa-vatthi,

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wJh &[ef;yJ/ ouFef;0wfNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU w&m;awmfawGudk

pmrsufESm 12 odkY

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awmh ay;wwfao;w,faemf/ aps;0,f&ifom tqpf&csifrS&wm/ em&D

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pdwfvnf;npfNyD;awmh tJ'Dig;BuD;[m olYudk,fol acgif;eJYavSeJYapmifhNyD;

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5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

Ak'¨*Dwdum

(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)

q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

b0vrf;ñTef 38- jzm r*Fvmrdwfquf

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av;tdrfpk t&Sif0dpdwåom&

r[marm*¾vmeaw¦& 0w¦K

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf

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awG;awm Muí bk&m;xHavQmuf&mwGif

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tnm, tuxHuxD/

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wr[H jALrd jAm[®PH/

jrefrmuAsm

wG,fwmr&Sd jrifod opöm?

odkYavm odkYavm awG;awmuif;uGm?

raoat;jr a&muf&olom?

igZde rdefY[ jAm[®Pm/

He who has no longings, whothrough knowledge is free from doubts,who has plunged into the Deathless(Nibbana), him I call a brahnama.pum;ajy/ / tMuifyk*¾KdvfrSm xkdxkd

tm½kH umr*kPf0,f wG,fwmuyfNid wPSm

vnf;r&Sd/ ynmjzihf (opömw&m;ukd odjrifxm;

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oHo, r&Sd/ aojcif;uif;&m (edAÁmef)odk Y

oufqif;0ifa&mufaomyk*¾Kdvfukd jAm[®P[k

igbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl\/

(26) umave "r®ó0eH

oihfavsmfwJhtcg w&m;emyg?

w&m;pmzwfyg/

(26) Ka-lena Dhamma- ssavanam.

Listen Dhamma At proper timeRead Dhamma books

BuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkolwdkif;rSm&Sd&rnhf (26)

ckajrmuf t&nftcsif;

(26) umave "r®ó0eH

oih favsmfaomtcg w&m;emjcif;

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'DvdkyJ? t&Sifom&dykwå&m[mvnf; t&SiftóZd

xHu w&m;em&rS w&m;xl;&oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh

rd k Y w&m;emzd k Y[m tifrwefta&;BuD;w,f/

w&m;em&wm tifrwefvnf; tusdK;rsm;w,f

uG,fh/

uav;wd k Ya&- vltrsm;p kuawmh

w&m;pmzwfwmwdkY? w&m;xdkifwmwdkYukd touf

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tawmfrSm;,Gif;wJ ht,ltqyJ/ uav;wd k Y-

ausmif;ydwfvdkY tm;vyfwJhtcg upm;p&m&Sdwm

vnf; upm;ayhg/ ausmif;pmtjyif jyifyA[kokw

&apr,hfpmawG? bmoma&;pmapmifawGvnf;

zwfwJhtcg zwfayghuG,f/ i,fi,fuwnf; u

w&m;"r®eJY xdawGUxm;av (toufBuD;vdk Y

w&m;vkduf pm;wJhtcg) ydkaumif;avyJuG,hf

rSwfxm;Muaemf/

(26)

r*Fvm r*Fvm? 38 jzm r*Fvm/

26- rSm a[mñTefMum;?

"r®ó0e r*Fvmw&m;/

bk&m;a[mMum; a'oem?

oifhavsmfwJhtcg emMum;yg/

w&m;emí 0*¾Drsm;?

0#f'ku©rS vGwfajrmufoGm;/

csrf;omvdkvm; nDri,f?

Ak'w&m; emMum;uG,f/

Ak'w&m; emMum;rS?

0#f'ku©rS vGwfr,fy/

av;tdrfpk t&Sif0dpdwåom&

6"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

tvSL'gejyKMu&m0,f (24)

rkH&GmaeZm

,ciftywfrStquf

orm"djzpf&ef? orm"dxlaxmif&ef

orxur®|mef;enf;u (40)txd &Sdw,f/

- yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m pwJh

]uokdPf; ½I&ef} (10) yg;?

- O'Krmwu? 0deDvu pwJh ]tokb½I&ef} (10)

yg;/

- Ak'¨gEkówd? "r®mEkówd? oHCmEkówd

tp&SdwJh ]tEkówdyGm;enf;} (10)yg;/

- arwåm? u½kPm? rk'dwm? Oayu©m qkdwJh

tyÜrnmw&m; (jA[®pkd&fw&m;) (4) yg;/

- tm[ma& y#dulvonm ac:wJh (tpm

tm[m&tay:rSm pufqkyf&GH&SmzG,f trSwfjyK

&wJh) ]onmu (1) yg;/

- pwk"gwk00w¦mef qkdwJh "gwfBuD;av;yg;ukd

ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;½IyGm;&wJh (pwk"gwk) ]00w¦ef}

(1) yg;eJY

- tmumomeÍöm,we pwJh ]tm½kyÜ} (4)yg;

wdkYyJ jzpfayw,f/

orx,medu qkdwJh orxuae

0dyóem ul;quf½IyGm;&wJhenf;rSm orxukd

a&S;OD;pGm xlaxmifMuayw,f/

orx bmaMumifh xlaxmif&ovJ/

orm"djzpfatmif bmaMumihf a&S;OD;

pGm ½IyGm;Mu&ovJ/

twkdqkH; tusOf;qkH;tajzuawmh

eD0&Pw&m;awG rzkH;vTrf;atmifvdkYç vdkY ajz

&ayvdrfhr,f/

rSefygw,f/ eD0&P qkdwm tzHk;

w&m;? ydwfqkdYwwfwJhw&m;/

eD0&Pw&m;(6)yg;

(1) umrpäE eD0&P- avmb apwoduf/

(2) Asmyg' eD0&P- a'go apwoduf/

(3) xde rd' eD0&P- xderd' apwoduf/

(4) O'¨pö? ukuúKpö eD0&P- O'¨pö? ukuúKpö

apwoduf/

(5) 0dpdudpäm eD0&P- 0dpdudpäm apwoduf/

(6) t0dZÆm eD0&P- arm[ apwoduf/

tzkH;tydwfw&m;vkd YqkdwJh eD0&P

w&m;awG&JU w&m;ud k,fawGud k Munhf&if

avmb? a'go? pwJ h apwodufawGyg/

avmb? a'go? arm[ pwmawGukd avmb

pdwf? a'gopdwf? arm[pdwf vdkY tvG,fwul

ajymMuaomfvnf; pdwfud k r S DwG,faewJ h

apwodufawGyg/ 'gaMumihf v,fwDy&rw¦

oHcdyfusrf;rSm-

] ]p dwfür S Dw G,f ? p dwfud k jc,f ?

ig;q,fESih f'G duf? apwoduf}} vdk Y yxr

v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;u rdefYqkdxm;ygw,f/

(#)

Ak'bk&m;&Sif vufxufawmfu o*Fg

&0 qkdwJh ykPÖm;ukd eD0&PzkH;wJhtaMumif;

a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ o*Fg&0[m ykPÖm;?

ykPÖm;&JUygVda0g[m&u jA[®P? olwdkYjA[®P

rsKd;awG[m a0'vkdYac:wJh aA'if? rEÅefawG

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aewJh a0'rEÅefawG arharhoGm;w,f/ rrSwfrd

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Mum;ar;jref;wJhtcgrSm Ak'¨jrwfpGmu arhwm

aysmufwm[m pdwfrSm eD0&Pw&m;awG zkH;

aevkdYjzpfaMumif; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhw,f/

eD0&Pw&m;awG[m pdwfudk (rSwf

ÓPf) ukd zkH;uG,fwwfwJh arhaysmufwwfwJh

aq;a&mifawGeJY wlaMumif; Oyrmay;um a[m

Mum;awmfrlygw,f/

yuwda&[m MunfvifaewJhtcg

ikHYMunhf&if ukd,hf&JUrsufESmykH&dyfukd aumif;pGm

jrifEkdifw,f/

wu,fvdkY a&xJrSm eD? jym? 0g? pdrf;

pwJh aq;a&mifawG&Sdae&if rdrd&JUrsufESmjyifukd

rjrifEkdifbl;/ tJ'Daq;a&mifawG[m ]]umrpäE

eD0&P} (avmb) eYJwlw,f/ umrpäE eD0&P

qkdwJh avmbzkH;vTrf;ae&if ½kyf? emrf"r®&JU

obm0 jzpfpOf (jzpfrI? ysufrI) udk rjrifEkdifbl;/

a&S;OD;pGm aq;a&mifawGeJYwlwJh umrpäE eD0&P

ukd z,f&Sm;ypf&r,f/ 'grSom MunfvifwJh

a&jyifukd MunhfwJhtcg rdrd&JUrsufESmoGifjyifukd

aumif;pGmjrifEdkifovkd eD0&PqkdwJh tzkH;tydwf

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aumif;pGm jrifygawmhw,f/

'ghtwlygyJ/ MunfvifwJh a&jyif[m

yGufyGufqlae&ifvnf; ½kyfoGifukd xifxif&Sm;

&Sm; rjrifEkdifaybl;/ a&awG ylavmifNyD; qlyGuf

aewm[m pdwfudk Asmyg' eD0&P (a'go)

zkH;vTrf;aejcif;eJY wlayw,f/ qlyGufaewJha& ukd

at;oGm;atmif vkyf&ygr,f/ 'grSom at;csrf;

MunfvifwJha&jyifrSm rsufESmjyifykH&dyf aumif;pGm

jrif&ovdk ½kyfemrf&JUjzpfysufukd xifxif&Sm;&Sm;

½IjrifEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/

'gaMumih f ylavmifaewJh Asmyg'

eD0&Pukd orm"dxlaxmifNyD; (orxusifhpOf

awGeJY) z,f&Sm;ypf&ygr,f/

NyD;awmh a&xJrSm arSmfawG&Sdae&if

vnf; a&jyif[m rMunfvifEkdifygbl;/ a&jyif

rMunfvifawmh rsufESmjyifukd rjrifovkdyJ/

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z,f&Sm;ypf&ayvdrhfr,f/

pmrsufESm 12 odkY

7

"r®0D&onf "r®0de, tvif;a&mifxdefvif;ap&ef jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

tawGU tjriftawGU tjrif

tawGU tjriftawGU tjrif

tawGU tjrif

&SifÓP (zsmyHk)

(okw^aqmif;yg;)

avmuZmwfckHay:rSm tawGUtjrif

opfawGeJY acwfrDD wpfcef;wpfu@ 0ifa&muf

ujyzdkY BuKd;pm;tm;xkwfaeMuwJh jrefrmrsKd;EG,f

aumifav;awG? aumifrav;awG tm;vkH;ukd

aus;Zl;wif&rSmjzpfovdk csD;rGrf;axmyemvnf;

jyK&rSmjzpfygw,f/ b,foabmaMumihfvJ qkd

awmh vlqkdwm touf&Sifaeoa&GU b0 &yf

wnfa&;? zGHUNzKd;wdk;wufa&;ukd BuKd;yrf;Mu&rSm

obm0usvdkYygyJ/

obm0usw, fq k dwmuawm h

pOf;pm; awG;ac:rIeJY qufpyfaeygvdrfhr,f/

pOf;pm; Munhfaygh/ vlom;jzpfpOftp b,folrS

twd tus rajymEkdifovkd vlowå0g b,fu

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ovm;? aemufvkdYac:ovm;}}

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rSm 'umBuD;&JUemrnf tawmfxGufaew,f

qkdyJ/ aumif;owif;eJYraumif;owif;qkdNyD;

ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ 'umBuD;owif;u raumif;

owif;/ a&SUqufNyD; aumif;atmifBuKd;pm;?

ukodkvfawGrsm;rsm;jyK? vlYb0ykdifqkdifxm;whJ

tESpfom&awGqkdwm 'ge? oDv? bm0em/

'geryg oHo&m rsufESmi,f&r,f?

oDvryg oHo&m toufwkd&w,f/

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vdrfhr,f/ ukodkvfqkdwm aumif;usKd;ay;wJh

w&m;? tjypfuif;NyD; ypöKyÜef? oHo&mESpfjzm

tusK d;ay;w,f/ tukok dvfqk dwmuawmh

tjypfruif;bl;/ qkd;usKd;'ku©awG ay;w,f/

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ylavmifw,f}} pojzihf q&mawmfu edygwf

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uawmh acgif;wpfNidrfhNidrfheJY yg;pyfuvnf;-

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eJYtukodkvf bmuGmovJ}}

'umBuD;ajymvkdufwJhpum;aMumifh

q&mawmfBuD;u bmajym&rSef;rod jzpfoGm;

w,f/ 'umBuD;ajymwmu-

]]ukodkvfeJY tukodkvfqkdwm t ygwm

eJY rygwmbJ xl;ygw,fbk&m;}} wJh

b0&JUvd ktyfcsufawG[m Nidrf;

csrf;pGmae&jcif;eJ Y BuKHvmorQ'ku©awGudk

b,fvd k&ifqk di f&rvJqk dwm BuK dwif Ny D;

pOf;pm;wwf&rnf/ aezk d Ycsnf; rpOf;pm;eJ Y

aozdkYvnf; awG;wwf&rnf/ 'grSom b0ukd

NiD;aiGUwJh edAÁd'gÓPfawG ay:vmrnf/ cEmawG

&JU tjzpftysuf rNrJykH tedpö? qif;&Jjcif; 'ku©?

tpkd;r&jcif; tewåawGrS vGwfajrmufvkdaom

rkpödwkurswmÓPfvnf; xifvmayrnf/ xkdY

twl w&m;qkdwm cEmrSm&Sdovdk todÓPfeJY

pmrsufESm 26 odkY

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

wynfhudk&ifrsm; tbd"r®moifMum;

&if; uHtusdK;ay;&m tcsdeftcgav;rsdK;udk

&Sif;jycJ hygw,f/ vlwkdif; aeYpOf ukodkvfç

tukodkvf þESpfrsdK; ykxkZOfobm0jyKMuay

vdrhfr,f/

rdrdwdk Y jyKwJh taumif;tqdk; uH

ESpfrsdK;vHk; ypöKyÜefb0 tusdK;ay;wJhuH[m

'd|"r®a0'ed,uH?

'kwd,b0rSm tusdK;ay;wJhuH[m

OyyZÆ a0'ed,uH?

wwd,b0rS edAÁmefr&rDtMum;

tusd K ;ay;wJ huH[m ty&my&d,a0'

ed,uH?

pdwfapwemrygvdk Y tusdK;ray;

wJhuH[m ta[moduHvdkY ac:w,fvdkY &Sif;jy

awmh udk&ifi,fwpfyg;u-

]]udk,fjyKonhfuH yJhwifoH udk,hfxH

jyefvmNrJ? bk&m;aomfrS wm;r&

wdkYubm rdkYvJ}} qdkwJh uAsm&JUqdkvdk

csufudk &Sif;jyygvdkY avQmufxm;w,f/

]]udk&ifwdk Y....aus;vufawm&Gm

vloHwdwfqdwfwJ h awmeufawGrSm udk,f

atmfwJhtoH[m yJhwifxyfum udk,hfqDjyefvm

wm Mum;zl;Muvm;}} vdkYar;awmh tm;vHk;u

Mum;zl;ygw,f vkd Y ajzMuw,f/ xdk YtwlyJ

udk&ifwd k Y jyKwJ h aumif;uH? raumif;uH[m

ud k&i fwd k Yx H jye fvmr,f/ aemufwpfcg

]]0#frSmtNrJ i&JrSmty}} qdkwJh pum;twdkif;

jrwfAk'aomfrS i&Judk t&d,mr*fESihf y,fowf

yJhwifoH"r®0D& t&Sifaombe

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vdkY &Sif;jyNyD; udk,fjyKwJhaumif;uHç raumif;uH

udk,hfqDjyefvmwJh om"uav;udk udk&ifi,frsm;

tm; ajymjyrdw,f/

] ]u d k&i fw d k Y....jrwfp Gmbk&m;

vufxufu &mZN*dK[fNrd KUrSm r[momv

ykPÖm;BuD;wdkY&JUom; Owå&owdkYom;av;[m (7)

ESpfom;t&G,frSmyif a,musfm;wdkYwwfoihfwJh

t|m&owpfq,hf &Spf&yfudk wwfuRrf;wJh

twGuf 0óum&trwfBuD;utp tm;vHk;u

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q&mawmft&Sifom&dykwå&mESihftwl a0VK0ef

ausmif; tpGeftzsm; awmwef;av;rSmaew,f/

q&m&JU a0,s0pö t00udk jyKpkaeygowJh/

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b,faq;awG aomuf aysmufygovJbk&m;}} vdkY

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t½kPfrwufao;wm owdrxm;rdbJ oydwf

ayGUum xGufvmcJhw,f/ &mZN*dK[fNrdKUteD;

a&mufawmh aumif;uifBuD;armhMunhfwJhtcg

aumif;uifrSm Mu,fvawG vif;vufNyD;

t½kPfrwufao;wmudk awGU&w,f/ vef;qef;

oGm;atmif rsufESmopfOD;rSqdkNyD; oydwfav;

csum rsufESmopfygw,f/ tJ'Dtcs de fr Sm

NrdKUxJu azmufxGif;xm;wJh olcdk;[m aemufu

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Owå&oydwfxJxnhfum xGufajy;oGm;w,f/

NrdKUxJuvlawG[m olcdk;b,folrSef;rodEdkifwJh

ntcg udk&ifav;Owå&udk oGm;awGUygowJh/

udk&ifav;udk rouFmvdkY oydwfxJudk &SmMu

w,f/ oydwfxJu &wemxkyfawGUwJhtcg

udk&ifav;Owå&udk olcdk;[kpGJum zrf;ac:oGm;

Muw,f/ udk&ifav; Owå&u udk&if[m t&Sif

om&dykwå&m&JU wynhfyg/ uka#&Spfq,fpGefYcGm

NyD; udk&if0wfcJhwmyg/ q&m avema&m*g

twGuf pwkr"leJY ,m*ktvSLcHzdkY vmcJhwmyg/

udk&if olcdk;r[kwfygbl;/

udk&if rkom;rajymygbl;/ udk&ihfq&m

uvnf; rkom;rajymzd k Y rSmxm;ygw,fvdk Y

&Sif;jyír&? 0óum&trwfcsKyfBuD;xH zrf;í

ac:oGm;MuowJh/ 0óum&trwfBuD;uvnf;

&mZN*dK[fNrdKUu Owå&rSef;odoGm;w,f/ Owå&[m

wpfcs de fu ig horD;twGuf urf;vSrf;wm

vufrcHbJ? ihgud k t&SufcG JcJ hw,f/ olYud k

vufpm;acsr,fqdkNyD; &efNidK;zGJUum ]]okomefwp

ocsØKif;0rSm um;pifwif oHwHusifvQKd rao

rcsif; owfap}} vkdY trdefYay;w,f/ tmPm

yg;uGufom;awGu um;pifwifNyD; ckepfESpfom;

t&G,f Eke,fvSwJh udk&ifav;Owå&&JU vufz0g;?

ajcz0g;awGudk rD;zkwfNyD;om; &J&Jawmufylavmif

aewJh oHwHusiftacsmif;awGeJY txyfxyf

tcgcg ½dkufMuygw,f/ udk&ifav;&JU vufz0g;?

ajcz0g;u aoG;yGufyGufxGufNyD; jrifraumif;

atmif aoG;awG,dkpD;vmw,f/ t&G,fESif h

'Pf&mrrQawmh owdvpfoGm;&Smw,f/ owd&

wJhtcg jyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&wJh a0'em

y,fcGmEdkifzdkY bk&m;*kPf? w&m;*kPf? oHCmh

*kPf? q&mh*kPfaus;Zl;awGudk xyfcgxyfcg

yGm;rsm;&Smw,f/ cHpm;ae&wJha0'emawG

oufomvmw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;

u &wemoHk;yg;eJY q&mh*kPfaus;Zl; txl;odwJh

udk&ifav; igbk&m;udk arQmfae&Sma&mhr,fqdkNyD;

aumif;uif,Hu a&mifjcnfawmfajcmufoG,f

vTwfcg psmeftbdÓOfwefcdk;ESifh udk&ifav;&Sd&m

pmrsufESm 26 odkY

11

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

DHAMMA DEW

ul;ajrmufNyD;olwdkYxuf jrwfaomyk*¾dKvf

Crossed o'er, of them that crossed the best.[Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif

à avmutm;vHk;udk xl;aomÓPfjzihf odí avmuü (odtyfaomw&m;) tm;vHk;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odaomaMumihf

avmutm;vHk;rS uif;awmfrl\/ avmutm;vHk;ü Niduyfjcif; (wPSm? 'd|d? Oy,)&Sdawmfrrl/

à By comprehending all the world.,, In all the world just as it is, From all the world is he released, In all the world he clingsto naught.

avmu

&[ef;wdkY? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmuudkxdk;xGif;í odawmfrl

\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmurSuif;awmfrl\/ &[ef;wdkY/ jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf avmu\jzpfaMumif;ukdxdk;xGif;í odawmfrl\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf

avmu\ jzpfaMumif;udk y,fawmfrl\/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmucsKyfNidrf;&m (edAÁmef)udk

xdk;xGif;í odawmfrl\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmucsKyfNidrf;&m (edAÁmef)

udk rsufarSmufjyKawmfrl\/ &[ef;wdkY? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmucsKyfNidrf;

&m (edAÁmef) odkYa&mufaMumif; tusihfudkxdk;xGif;í odawmfrl\/ jrwfpGm

bk&m;onf avmucsKyfNidrf;&m (edAÁmef) odkYa&mufaMumif;jzpfaom

tusihfudk yGm;rsm;awmfrl\/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ewf rm&fewf? jA[®mwdkYESihf wuG

aom ewfavmuESihf? orPjAm[®Prif;rsm; vlrsm;ESihfwuGaom

vlYavmuonf jriftyf? Mum;tyf? awGUtyf? odtyf? &tyf? &SmrSD;tyf

pdwfjzihf tzefzef usufpm;tyfaom tm½HktvHk;pHkudk xdk;xGif;í odawmf

rl\/ xdkYaMumihf ]wxm*w} [kqdktyf\/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twkr&Sdaom t&[wår*fÓPf

udk xdk;xGif;í odawmfrlaom nOfhESihf? 0dygufur®Z½kyft<uif;r&Sdaom

edAÁme"mwfjzihf y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlaom nOfhwdkY\ tMum;ü a[majym`rGwf

[ñTefjyawmfrltyfaom w&m;tvHk;pHkonf a[majym`rGwf[ñTefjywdkif;

omjzpf\/ wpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzih f rjzpf/ xd k YaMumih f

]]wxm*w}} [kqdktyf\/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tMuifokdYaom tjcif;t&mtm;

jzihf ajymqdkavh&Sd\/ xdkodkYaomtjcif;t&mtm;jzihf jyKavh&Sd\/ tMuif

odkYaomtjcif;t&mtm;jzihf jyKavh&Sd\/ xdkodkYaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzihf

ajymqdkavh&Sd\/ þodkYvQif ajymqdkavh&Sdonfhtwdkif; jyKavh&Sd\/ jyKavh

&Sdonfhtwdkif; ajymqdkavh&Sd\/ xdkYaMumihf ]wxm*w} [kqdktyf\/

&[ef;wdkY ewfrm&fewf jA[®mESihfwuGaom ewfavmuESihf

orP jAm[®Prif;rsm;? vlrsm;ESihfwuGaom vlYavmuü jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf (olwpfyg;wdkYudk) vTrf;rdk;awmfrlEkdif\/ (olwpfyg;wdkYu) rvTrf;rdk;Edkif/

pifppftm;jzihf jrifwwf\/ rdrdtvfdkodkYvdkufapEkdif\/ xdkYaMumihf ]wxm

*wm} [kqdktyf\/

avmutm;vHk;udk xl;aom ÓPfjzih fodí? avmuü

(odtyf aom w&m;) tm;vHk;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odaomaMumihf

avmutm;vHk; rSuif;awmfrl\/ avmutm;vHk;ü Niduyfjcif;

(wPSm? 'd|d? Oy,) &Sdawmf rrl/

xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf pifppftm;jzihf tm½Hktm;vHk;wdk Yudk

vTrf;rd k; awmfrlEk dif\/ ynmESih f jynhfpH kawmfrl\/ tvHk;pH kaom

The world"Monks," the world is fully comprehended by a Tatha-

gata. From the world a Tatha-gata is released. "Monks," The aris-ing of the world is fully comprehended by a Tatha-gata: the aris-ing of the world is abandoned by a Tatha-gata.

The ending of the world is fully comprehended by aTathagata: the ending of the world is realized by a Tatha-gata.

"Monks," the practice going to the ending of the worldis fully comprehended by a Tatha-gata: the practice going to theending of the world is made to become by a Tatha-gata.

"Monks," whatsoever in the whole world, with the worldof Ma-ras, Brahma-s, together with the host of recluses and bra-

hmins, of devas and mankind, is seen, heard, sensed, cognized,attained, searched into, pondered over by the mind, all that isfully comprehended by a Tatha-gata.

That is why he is called "Tatha-gata."Moreover, whatever a Tatha-gata utters, speaks and pro-

claims between the day of his enlightenment and the day onwhich he passes utterly away, all that is just so and not other-wise.

Therefore is he called "Tatha-gata.""Monks," as a Tatha-gata speaks, so he does: as he does,

so he speaks.That is why he is called "Tatha-gata.""Monks," in the whole world, with the world of Devas,

of Ma-ras, of Brahma-s....of devas and mankind, a Tatha-gata isconqueror, unconquerored, all-seeing, omnipotent.

Therefore is he called "Tatha-gata."By comprehending all the worldIn all the world just as it is,from all the world is he released,In all the world he clings to naught.He is the all victorious sage:'Tis he who loosens every hond:By him is reached the perfect peace(Nibbana) that is void of fear.The Enlightened One, the passion-free,Sinless, who hath cut of all doubts,Hath reached the end of every deed,Freed by removal of the base.Exalted One, Enlightened he,The lion he without compare.For the deva-world and world of menHe caused the Brahma-wheel to roll.Wherefore the devas and mankind

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

12

DHAMMA DEW

pmrsufESm 4 rStquf

tBuD;qHk;vl&JUemrnfawmhygw,f/ ],aomZ} vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D,a,mZ

trSL;&SdwJh &[ef;ig;&m[m uydvig;BuD;udkawGUBuHK&vdkY oHa0*awGjzpfNyD;

awmh omoemabmif0ifNyD;awmh w&m;usihfMuwmwJh/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfu ]uydvokwåef} qdkNyD;

awmh a[mao;w,f/ ]]avmurSm jrwfaomtusihfusihfaewJhtcgrSm

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udk qJa&;r,fqdk&if tjzpfqdk;awGeJY BuHKawGUEdkifw,f/ pdwfaumif;ESvHk;

aumif;&SdzdkY tifrwefrS ta&;BuD;w,f/ w&m;[m w&m;odNyD;awmhusihfrS

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twkdif; w&m;"r®qdkwm vkdufemusihfoHk;rSomvQif tusdK;&Sdw,f/ rdrdwdkY

b0 tusdK;&SdzdkY&m odatmifvnf; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/

odwJhtwkdif;vnf; usihfBuHBudK;ukwf tm;xkwfMuzdkY ta&;BuD;w,fqdkwm

udk tm;vHk;oabmaygufNyD; edAÁmefcsrf;omudk arQmfrSef;vsuf omoemawmf

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tm;xkwfawmfrlEdkifMuygapukefownf;/

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r&Sdaom edAÁmefudk awGUxdqdkuf a&mufawmfrl\/

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uHwdk Y\ ukefjcif;odk Y a&mufawmfrl\/ Oy"dav;yg; wdk Yukef&m

edAÁmefodk YvGwfvGwf 0ifawmfrl\/

xd k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf opömav;yg;ud k odawmfrl\/

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ewfESih fwuGaom owå avmutm; jrwfaomw&m;pMumudk

vnf apawmfrl\/

þodkYvQif tMuifewfwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? tMuifvlwdkY

onf vnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk udk;uG,f&m[k qnf;uyfMu

ukef\/ xdkewfvlwdk Yonf BuD;jrwfí aMumuf&GHUjcif;uif;awmf

rlaom xdkjrwfpGm bk&m;udk csOf;uyfí &Sdcd k;Muukef\/

,Ofaus;NyD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ,Ofaus;olwd k Y

xufjruf awmfr l\/ Ni dr f ;at;Ny D;aom jrwfp Gmbk&m;onf

Ni dr f ;at;olwd k Yxuf jrwfawmfr l\/ vGwfajrmuf Ny D ;aom

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vGwfajrmufNyD;olwd k Y xufjrwfawmfrl\/

ul;ajrmufawmfr l Ny D;aom jrwfp Gmbk&m;onf ul;ajrmufol

Who went for refuge to the seer,Meeting shall pay him homage due,The mighty one, of wisdom ripe."Tamed, of the tamed is he the chief:Calmed, of the calm is he the sage:Freed, of the freed topmost is h e:Crossed o'er, of them that crossed the best"So saying shall they honour himThe mighty one, of wisdom pipe,"In the world of devas and mankindNone is there who can equal thee."(Complete translation of the Book of the Gradual say-

ings, Anguttara Nikaya, Chapter III, Uruvela wagga, The worldSutta.)

Hanthawaddy-U Ohn Kyaing

wdk Yxufjrwfawmfrl\/

þodk YvQif BuD;jrwfí aMumuf&GHUjcif;uif;awmfrlaom

xdkjrwfpGm bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;Muukef\/ ewfESihfwuGaom avmuü

0gESihfNydKifzufyk*¾dKvf [lír&SdNyD/

(q|oH*g,emwifygVdyd#uwfawmf t*Fkwå&edum,f0if okwåef

yd#ut*Fkwd¬K&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? O½ka0v0*¾? avmuokwfudkazmf

jyygonf/)

[Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif

wpfcg a&[m vIy f& Sm ;ae&i fvnf; r sufE Sm jyi fu d k

xifxif&Sm;&Sm; oJoJuGJuGJ rjrif Ekdifygbl;/ tJovdkyJ pdwfrSm ]O'pö? ukuúKpö?

eD0&P} qkdwJh pdwfysHUvGifhrIawG aemifw wpfzef ylyefaqG;ajrUrIawG

0ifa&mufaESmuf,Suf y dwfz k H ; ae&ifvnf; ½ ky femrf jzp fpOfuk d

rjrifEkdifaybl;/ 'gaMumihf avaMumifh vIyf&Sm;wwfwJh a&jyifukd

wnfNidrfatmifapmihfNyD;MunhfrS rsufESmjyif jrif&ovkd ½kyfemrfjzpfpOfukd

ÓPfeJYrjrifEkdifatmif ydwfzkH;wwfwJh ]]O'pö ukuúKpö eD0&P}}w&m; awGukd

orxeJY z,f&Sm;ypf&ygw,f/

wp fze f a&[m te,ftr Ie f YawG r sm ;ae&i fvnf;

MunfMunfvifvif rjrifEkdif ovkd pdwfudk ]0dpdudpäm} qkdwJh oHo, eD0&P

zkH;tkyfae&ifvnf; ÓPftjrif rMunfvifEkdif aybl;/ 'Dawmhum

te,ftrIefYeJYwlwJh 0dpdudpäm eD0&Pukd tvsifz,f&Sm;&ayw,f/ o*Fg&0

jA[®Pvkvifukd Ak'bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;cJh wmukd rdrdem;vnfovkd

jywmyg/ oabmus Muvdrfhr,fvdkY xifygw,f/

rSDNidrf;udk;um;-

rk d;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\a[mpOfrsm;/

a'gufwmeE´rmvmbd0Ho\a[mMum;csuf rsm;/

earmor®morÁK'¨ó rkH&GmaeZm

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

pmrsufESm 6 rS

13

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rmez,f&Sm; aumif;usKd;yGm;]]rSefuif;wpfvSnhf xif;wpfvSnhf}}

[laom jrefrmpum;yHkwpfck&Sdygonf/ &nf&G,f

wJhtaMumif;&if;rSm rSefuif;[lonf opfom;wdkY

jzihf jyKvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; wefaqmif;? jymom'f

wdkY\xdyfzsm;rSm txGwfwyfay;xm;jcif;jzpfonhf

twGuf tjrihfqHk;rSm 0ihf0ihf<um;<um; aecGihf&

aom t&mrsdK;jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf b,favmuf

yif xdyfzsm;xufrSm 0ihf<um;ae&ygap? a[mif;EGrf;

aqG;ajrUvmwJhwaeY NydKusysufpD;vmwJhwaeYrSm

awmh rSefuif;b0u xif;b0udka&mufoGm;&wJh

tjzpfuJhodk Y vlYb0rSmvnf; b,favmufyJ

&mxl;pnf;pdrf*kPf&SdefqdkwJh tqihftwef;awG

jrihfrm;aeygap? rdrd&JUuHZmwmukefwJhwpfaeYrSm

xdyfqHk;uae? bdwfqHk;udk a&muf&wwfaMumif;

qdkvdkcsufjzpfayonf/ wenf;tm;jzihf rmefrme

axmifvTm;wwfwJholawGudk owday;xm;aom

ynm&SdwdkY\ tqdktrdefYwpfcktjzpf owfrSwfEdkif

ygonf/

pifppftm;jzihf vlom;rSefvQif ]rme}

qdkonfrSm arG;&mygw&m;wpfck[k rSwf,l&yg

rnf/ owå0gwdkYtm; oHo&m0#f'ku©rS rvGwfEdkif

atmif? tyg,f'k*¾wdodkY usa&mufatmif qGJcs

wwfaom ]wPSm? rme? 'd|d} [laom yyÍöw&m;

oHk;yg;wGif wpfyg;tygt0ifvnf;jzpfayonf/

xdkYaMumifh rme[laomw&m;onf vlom;wdkY

twGuf owdxm;&rnfh aMumufp&maumif;

aom w&m;wpfcktjzpf od&Sdxm;&ayrnf/ rme

\ teuft"dyÜg,fudk ]]t[H uma,m rnwD

wd rmaem OEéwdvu©aPm}} [k oN*ØK[f

bmom #DumwGif 0dN*dK[ftm;jzihf zGihfqdkxm;yg

onf/ t"dyÜm,frSm t[Huma,m- igwpfum;

[k axmifvTm;jyKvsuf? rnwDwd- xifrSwfwwf

\ tjzpfaMumihf? rmaem- rmernf\/ OEéwd

vu©aPm? axmifvTm;wwf<ujcif; vu©Pm&Sd

\[k jzpfayonf/ rmeudk rmef[kac:qdk&jcif;

rSm rme[laom ygVdpum;udk o'genf;jzihf ei,f

\ rSD&m ]t} o&udkacsí ]rmef} [k ygVdoufç

jrefrma0g[m&tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;jcif;jzpfay

onf/ vlwdkYrSm jzpfay:wnfudef;wwfonhf rmeç

ESihfywfoufí rmefoHk;rsdK;cGJjcm;xm;onfudk

awGU&ygonf/

(u) ao,syk*¾dKvf (jrwfaomvlrsdK;) wdkYrSm &Sd

wwfaom- ao,sç rmef/

(c) o'doyk*¾dKvf (olrsm;ESihfwef;wljzpfolvlrsdK;)

wdkYrSm&Sdwwfaom- o'dormef/

(*) [Deyk*¾dKvf (olrsm;atmufedrfhusaom vlrsdK;)

wdkYrSm&Sdwwfaom [Deç rmef ponfwkdYjzpfyg

onf/

t&Sifokpdwåom&(rkwfuRef;&wem)

(1) ao,sç rmefqdkonfrSm- *kPf

odrfOpöm ynm tqif;ponftm;jzihf tbuf

bufrS olwpfyg;xufomonf[kxifrSwfí

axmifvTm;jcif;/

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[k rdrdudk,fudkrSwfxifí axmifvTm;jcif;/

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edrfhyg;oljzpfaomfvnf; ]]udk,fh&SdrS udk,fpm;&wm?

udk,fvkyfrS udk,fpm;&wm? b,folYrS atmufBudKU

p&mrvdkygbl;}} [k xifrSwfí axmifvTm;jcif;

ponftm;jzihf rmefaxmifjcif;oHk;yg;wdkY&SdMu

ukef\/

pifppftm;jzihf rmefrme[lonf wnf

udef;aeaom owå0grSeforQwdkYtm; tusdK;rJhjzpf

apEdkifaom w&m;jzpfayonf/ odkYaMumihfyif Ak'

omoemawmfudk ouf0if,HkMunfMuukefaom

olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkYonf twwfEdkifqHk;

rmefrmeudk csdK;ESdrfxm;wwf&ygrnf/ wpfcgu

pma&;oltm; wynhfav;wpfa,mufu ar;

avQmufzl;onf/ ]]bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;0if;awG

rSm bmaMumifh zdeyfrpD;oihfwmygvJbk&m;}} wJh/

bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;0if;rsm;wGif

vlwdkYzdeyfrpD;&aMumif; tm;vHk;odxm;NyD;jzpf

aomfvnf; tcsdKUbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif

zdeyfpD;cGihfjyKxm;ojzihf vlwdkYpD;Muonfudkvnf;

awGUzl;ygonf/ þtcsufaMumifh bkef;awmfBuD;

ausmif;rsm;wGif zdeyfpD;oihf rpD;oihfudk ar;jref;

jcif;? jiif;cHkjcif;rsm;&Sdaeonfudkvnf; rMumcP

Mum;&ygonf/ xdktjcif;t&mESihfywfoufí

tjypf&Sdjcif;? r&Sdjcif;qdkonfrSm ]udk,hft,ltq

ESihfudk,f} jzpfaeí rdrdrqHk;jzwfay;vdkyg/ odkYaomf

bmoma&;½IaxmihfrStjrifudkwifjy&vQif

ausmif;uefç bk&m;[lonf Ak'¨bmom

0ifwdk Y\ txGwftjrwfxm;&m omoemh

e,fajrjzp fygonf/ &wemoH k ;yg;wd k Y

wnfude f ;&mae&mjzp fojzih f bmom

w&m;ud k tav;xm;Muolwd k Y onf

ausmif;uefbk&m;\ y&0kPftwGif;od k Y

csif;eif;0ifa&mufvmNyDqdkvQif rdrdwd k Y\

rmefrmeud k E S dr f hc saom taetm;jzih f

vnf;aumif;? bmomw&m;ud k ½ d kao

ñ Gw fw G m ;tav ;xm ; j c i f ;tm ; j z i h f

14

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mysufjym;rI t0de,udk a&SmifEkdif&efjzpfonf/

vnf;aumif; xD;½kyfjcif;? OD;xkwfcRwfjcif;?

zdeyfcRwfjcif; ponfwdkYonf a&S;ya0oPD

uyif usih foH k ;vmcJ haom bmoma&;

xH k ;wrf;pOfvm ,Ofaus;r Iwpfc kvnf;

jzpfayonf/

xdkodkYjyKvkyfMujcif;\ t"dutaMumif;

t&if;rSm zdeyf[lonf vlwdkY\toHk;taqmif

rsm;wGif ,kwfedrfhaomtoHk;taqmifjzpfygonf/

rdrdonf rnfrQyif &mxl;? pnf;pdrf? *kPfodrfBuD;

rm;aeoljzpfygap? jrihfjrwfaom omoemhe,f

ajrt&mrftwGif;odkY 0ifa&muf&mwGif zdeyfcRwf

jcif;jzihf rmefrmewdkYudk c0gcsjcif; (0g) csdK;ESdrfypf

vkduf&ma&mufouJhokdY *½k*g&0w&m;udk ydkí

tav;teufxm;&m a&mufapEdkifonf[laom

cH,lcsufaMumifhyifjzpfayonf/ xdk YaMumifh

bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; y&0kPftwGif;wGif zdeyf

pD;jcif;onf tjypf&Sdjcif;? r&Sdjcif;xuf rdrd\

rmefrmeudk ESdrfhcsjcif;ESifh bmomw&m;udk ½dkao

av;pm;jcif;aMumifh jyKvkyfoihfaomt&mç

vkdufemoifhaomt&m[líom rdrdtaejzihf

rSwfxifrdygonf/

omrefykxkZOfvlom;wdkYwGif avmuD

e,fy,fü rmefrmeonf xm;tyfonhfae&m

vnf;&Sdí rxm;tyfonhfae&mvnf;&Sdygonf/

aumif;onhftjcif;t&mwdkYwGif olvnf;jzpf

atmifvkyfEdkifvQif igvnf;jzpfatmifvkyfEdkif&

rnf/ olBudK;pm;Edkifovdk igvnf;BudK;pm;Edkif&

rnf- ponfjzihf tm;rmeftjynfht0xm;um

tEkdifrcH t½IH;ray;aom pdwf"mwfrsdK;onf xm;

tyfaom ]rme} jzpfonf/ rdrd\rmefrmeudk

axmifvTm;wwfaom ]rme} rsdK;um; rxm;tyf

aom rmersdK;jzpfonf/ vlYavmu vlYobm0

t& rmefrmeaxmifvTm;wwfolrsm;udk txif

ao;wwfç pufqkyf&GH&SmwwfMuouJhodkY rmefrme

uif;olç rdrdudk,fudkESdrfhcswwfolwdkYudkrl txif

BuD;av;pm;wwfMuonfrSm avmu"r®wm

oabmwpfckyifjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh a&S;ynm&Sd

rsm;u aemifvmaemufom;wdkY rmefrmeuif;Edkif

Muap&ef yHkjyifom"ursm;jzihf tqHk;tray;

xm;cJhonfrsm;&Sdygonf/

]]a&S;tcg &Gmwpf&GmwGif ÓPfynm

tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;aom v,form;BuD;

wpfa,mufonf om;jzpfoltm;ac:í v,f

awmodkYoGm;avonf/ v,fuGif;xJ&Sd pyg;yif

rsm;rSm toD;oD;vsuf&S daeNyDjzpf&m tcsdKU

aumufESHrsm;rSm axmifvsuf&SdaeNyD; tcsdKU

aumufESHrsm;rSmrl ajrjyifESihfxdvkeD;yg;rQ idkufus

vsuf&SdaeMuonf/ xdkt&mudkjrifaom om;i,f

u ]]zcif- pyg;ESHwdkYonf tcsdKUuaxmifvsuf&Sd

í tcsdKUu idkufvsuf&SdaeonfrSm b,ftwGuf

aMumifhygenf;}} [k ar;vQif zcifu ]]om;i,f-

a&S;OD;pGm axmifvsuf&Sdaom pyg;ESHudk cl;Munhf

vkdufyg}} [k apckdif;vkdufonf/ om;jzpfolu

axmifaeaompyg;ESHtm; cl;vkdufaomtcg

zcifjzpfolu ]]cspfom;- þpyg;ESHwGif tqH&Sd

oavm? r&Sdoavm}} [k ar;vQif om;jzpfolu

]]tdkç zcif þpyg;ESHonf txifBuD;p&m axmif

vTm;aeaomfvnf; twGif;ürl tqHr&Sd tzsif;

oufrQom &Sdaywum;}} qdkum[k pyg;ESHudk

vTwfypfvkdufavonf/

aemufwpfzef zcifjzpfolu om;

jzpfoltm; idkufaeaompyg;ESHudkcl;apí ]]cspfom;

þpyg;ESHwGif tqH&Sdoavmç r&Sdoavm}} [k

ar;vQif om;i,fu ]]tdkç zcif þpyg;ESHonf

um; ajrjyifESihfxdvkrQ&Sdí txifBuD;p&m r&Sd

aomfvnf; taphtqHwdkYum; jynhfvsuf&Sdaeyg

onf}} [k ajzMum;avonf/ xdktcgrS zcifjzpf

olu ]]cspfom;- þpyg;ESHwdkYuJhodkYyif ynmr&Sd

aomolwdkYum; tqHr&Sdaom pyg;ESHuJhodkY axmif

vTm;wwfí ynmtqDtESpfjzihfjynhf0olwdkYum;

idkufaompyg;ESHuJhodkY rdrdudk,fudk ESdrfhcsíaewwf

Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh cspfom;ç oifonfvnf;

tqHr&Sdaom pyg;ESHuJhodkY rmefrmeaxmifvTm;

wwfolrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;í tqH&Sdaom pyg;ESH

uJhodkY rdrdudk,fudk tNrJESdrfhcsíaewwfaom ynm

&SdwdkYudkomvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&rnf}} [k

rSmMum;qHk;rcJhav\/ ,if;ESihfpyfí ]]pyg;ESH

tqHjynhfíiH k Y ç vluHkxH pdwfrmefavsmhí

usHKU}} [k ynm&Sdwdk Y jrefrmrIwGif qkdprSwf

jyKcJhayonf/ þyHkjyifav;udk erlem,lí rmefç

rme[lonf rxm;tyfç r&Sdtyfaomt&m

tjzpf owfrSwfxm;&rnfjzpfygonf/

xdkuJhodkYyif avmukwå&mt&müvnf;

oHo&mrS xGufajrmuf&mvrf;udk &vdkç a&muf

vdkí (0g) r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk &vdkí w&m;"r®udk

usihfBuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuukefaom ]olawmfpif

olawmfaumif;} rSefvQif ]]ajcokwfykqdk;? ajrpG,f

usdK;}} uJhokdY rme[lorQudk c0gcsxm;&rnf[k

a&S;ynm&SdwdkY rdefYqdkxm;ygonf/ w&m;bm0em

ur®|mef;pD;jzef;aeaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf\oEÅmef

ü rmefcHaevQif (0g) rmeudk tNyD;wdkifrcsdK;ESdrfEdkif

vQif ]w&m;xl;} r&Edkif[k qdkygonf/ xkdYaMumifh

rmefvnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u-

]]wvHcEm þudk,frSmvQif? auom

tp 'Gwåd Ho[k? pdwfuñTwfcg? Munhf½Iyg

vQif? acgif;rSm qHaxG;? udk,ftarG;ESih f?

a&maxG;aygif;pnf; ajcvufonf;wnf;?

oGm;vnf;axGaxG? ÓPfüazGavm? ta&

tom;? taMumrsm;ESihf? ½dk;wGif;jcifqD tvDvD

udk? igonfxifvif; igb,foif;[k? igoGif;

í&Sm r&ombJ? auomtp 'Gwåd Houdk?

pdwfuigxif rdkufarSmif0ifí? igyifç igyJ

ighudk,fyJ[k? pGJNrJouúm 0dyÜv’mESifh? wPSm

e,fwGif; wG,fwmjcif;ü? tqif;udkjy wo

oESihf? igvS igacsm igwaum[k? igaumç

aumum ravsmhombJ? armfumarmuf

armuf ajczsm;axmufí? igarmufigarmf

vlwdkif;ay:rS? rmefwuf<uvnf;? þudk,f

um, omrnü? tedpöyif rNrJtifudk? ½Iqif

jcifjim; csdKusdK;EGm;odkY? csxm;rme rwuf<u

rl? &tyfxufr*f aemufqHk;wnf;}} [k rmefrme

y,fcsEdkifrS txufr*fudk&EdkifaMumif; rdefYqdkxm;

cJhayonf/

Ak'¨vufxufawmftcgu yd#uwf

oHk;yHkudk tm*HkaqmifEdkifaom ]r[moD0} trnf&Sd

rax&fBuD;wpfyg;onf &[ef;w&m;udk tm;xkwf

vQif wcPrQjzihf &[ef;udpö NyD;Edkifvdrhfrnf}}

[laom rmefjzihf bm0emur®|mef;udk a&ukefa&

crf; tm;oGefcGefpdkuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygaomf

vnf; ]]tESpfoHk;q,f}} wdkifatmif t&[wåzdkvf

rqkdufEdkifojzihf idka<u;rnfwrf;avaomf ewf

orD;wpfyg;u owday;aomtcgrS w&m;oabm

trSefudkqifjcifrdí t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&muf

cJhonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm yd#uwfoHk;yHkaqmif ]ayg|d

vrax&fBuD;} tm;vnf; bk&m;&Sifu ur®|mef;

udk udk,fawmfwkdifray;bJ rmefusap&ef &[ef;

awmfrsm;xHudk apvTwfawmfrlonf/ wzef

bk&m;&Sif\tvdkawmfudk odawmfrlMuukefaom

&[ef;awmfrsm;uvnf; omraPi,fav;xH

apvTwfawmfrlonf/ omraPi,fav;u

rax&fBuD;tm; ur®|mef;w&m;udk csufcsif;ray;

ao;yJ ]rmef} &Sd? r&Sdprf;oyfNyD; rmefr&Sdonfudk

odavrS ]ur®|mef;} udk ay;cJhaMumif; usrf;*ef

rsm;ü rSwfwrf;&SdcJhayonf/

azmf jyyg taMumif;t&mrsm;ud k

axmuf½Ií vlom;wdkY\oEÅmefwGif wnfudef;

vsuf&Sdaom rme[laom tukodkvfw&m;onf

vlom;wdkYtm; avmuDa&;&mwGifvnf; tusdK;

pD;yGm;rjzpf? avmukwå&ma&;&mwGifvnf;

tusdK;pD;yGm;rjzpfonfudk pm½IolwdkY od&SdEdkifMu

NyDjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh rdrdwdkYvlom;tm;vHk;onf

avmuDtusdK;pD;yGm;udk vdkvm;onfjzpfap?

avmukwå&m tusdK;pD;yGm;udk vdkvm;onfjzpfap

armufrmaxmifvTm;wwfaom rmefrmewdkYudk

cs d K;ES drfy,fowfí &nfrSef;csufyef;wk difud k

ta&mufavQmufvSrf;Mu&rnfjzpfayownf;/

usrf;ñTef;=oN*dK[fbmom#Dum?

rCa'0 vuFmopfBuD;

t&Sifokpdwåom& (rkwfuRef;&wem)

15

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

&[ef;jrwfwdk Y usih fpOfw&m; odMum;em;vnfí omoemukd axmufyH hEk difygap&[ef;jrwfwdk Y usih fpOfw&m; odMum;em;vnfí omoemukd axmufyH hEk difygap&[ef;jrwfwdk Y usih fpOfw&m; odMum;em;vnfí omoemukd axmufyH hEk difygap&[ef;jrwfwdk Y usih fpOfw&m; odMum;em;vnfí omoemukd axmufyH hEk difygap&[ef;jrwfwdk Y usih fpOfw&m; odMum;em;vnfí omoemukd axmufyH hEk difygap

wuúodkvfoQifoD&d("r®mp&d,?bD-at)

a

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf t*Fwkdif;? t*F

rif;om;wdkY\ tóyk&ed*kH;ü oDwif;okH;aepOf

&[ef;wdkYtm; &[ef;jrwfwpfyg;jzpfvmap&ef

twGuf usihfBuHtm;xkwf&rnhf enf;vrf;ukd

a[mMum;cJhygonf/

þokwfawmfü &[ef;trnfcHaeMu

aomfvnf; &[ef;jzpfaMumif;w&m;ukd usihfBuH

BuKd;ukwf tm;xkwfrSomvQif &[ef;trnfcH

jzpfMurnfjzpfaMumif; vrf;ñTefa[mMum;xm;

ygonf/

&[ef;[lorQonf-

1/ ypönf;av;yg;vSLolwdkY\ tusKd;ukd a&SU½I

vsuf usihfBuH&rnf/

2/ t&SuftaMumufw&m;&Sd&rnf/

3/ pifMu,faomukd,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&m

xm;um usihf&rnf/

4/ rsufpd paom £a`E´ajcmufyg;ukd apmifh

pnf;&rnf/

5/ abmZOftwkdif;t&Snfudk od&rnf/

6/ Ekd;Mum;pGm tm;xkwf&rnf/

7/ owdorÜZOfESihf jynhfpkH&rnf/

8/ eD0&Pw&m;ig;yg;ukd a<u;? tema&m*g?

aESmiftdrf? uRef? c&D;cJ uJhodkY ½IrSwf&rnf/

9/ yxrpsmef paom psmefav;yg;ukd &atmif

usihfxm;&rnf/

10/ ykaAÁed0gom EkówdÓPf? pkwlyygwÓPf?

tmo0u©,ÓPfwdkY&atmif jyK&rnf/

odkYrSom &[ef;onf orP? jA[®P?

a&csKd;NyD;ol? odNyD;ol? jiif;qefNyD;ol? udavom

wdkYrS a0;ol? &[EÅmjzpfoljzpfygrnf [lí rlv

yPÖmo? r[m,ru0*f? r[mtóyk&okwfü

Ak'u a[mMum;vrf;ñTefxm;cJhygonf/

þokwfawm fw Gi f oHom&0¥

'ku©awm? armpew¦m,- oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS

v Gwf a jrmufyg& jci f ;tus K d ;i Sm [lí

cH,lcsufjzihf &[ef;abmifodkY 0ifvmMuaom

&[ef;wdkY twGuf xm;&rnhf pdwfaepdwfxm;?

t&nf tcsif;wdkYudk xkwfazmfjyoxm;ygonf/

&[ef;[lonf ouFef;0wftoGif

o@mefrQjzihf &[ef;[k trnfrcHoihf/ &[ef;

[k ac:qkdEkdifaom t&nftcsif;wdkYESihf jynhfpkH

atmifvnf; usihfBuHtm;xkwfaexkdif BuKd;pm;

Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif; Ak'¨u vrf;ñTefxm;yg

onf/

&[ef;awmf[lorQonf ukd,fyk dif

pD;yGm;a&; vkyfaqmifí b0&yfwnfaeMuol

rsm; r[kwfMuyg/ 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkY\

ypönf;av;yg; axmufyHhvSL'gef;rIukd cH,lae

olrsm;jzpfojzihf 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkY tusKd;

pD;yGm;csrf;om&a&;ukd a&S;½Iaejcif;onfom

t"dujzpfygonf/

&[ef;[lonf 'g,umwdkY\ ypönf;

av;yg;ukd cH,lí *E¦"l&? 0dyóem"l&[laom

"l&(2)yg;ukd xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;

*E¦"l&? 0dyóem"l&ukd tav;teufxm;

xrf;aqmifvkdaom &[ef;wdkYum; wjznf;jznf;

enf;yg;vmMuygonf/ ihgausmif;? ihguef? igykdif

ESih f vlom;wdk YuJhodk Y wyfrufrIawG jzpfvm

Muonf/ &[ef;tcsif;csif; ausmif;vkrI

jyóemrsm;onf Ak'bmom omoemtwGuf

tvGefyif&Sufp&m? aMumufp&maumif;aom

trIrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ &[ef;aumif;? &[ef;

jrwfwdkY owdjyKMu&rnhf tcsufjzpfygonf/

ig;ckH;rwpfaumifaMumihf wpfavSvkH;ykyf qkdouJh

odkY Ak'omoem npfEGrf;&ygvdrfhrnf/

tcsKdU oHCm&[ef;u orxtqihf

avmufusifhNyD; aA'ifa[m? aq;uk? rEÅefay;

í toufarG;onf/ tcsK dUu omoemjyK

trnfcHNyD; bbkef;? bkd;awmfbkef;vkyfum

vltrsm;udk vSnhfpm; vkyfpm;aeMuonf/

tcsK dUu avmuDtwwfynmrsm;

oifMum;NyD; oifwef;zGihfjcif;jzihf pD;yGm;&SmMu

onf/ y&[dwtwGufrMunhf? twå[dw

oufoufjzihf &[ef;b0udk &yfwnfaeMu

onf/ xk domoemjyKtrnfcH bk&m;wnf

ponf aqmif&GufaeMuaom yd#uwfpmay

rwwfbJ w&m;jyaeMuaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd bGJUxl;

*kPfxl;awG cs D ; jr §i h fay;aeMuojzih fvnf;

xkdomoemjyK twkwdkY\*kPfonf vlwdkYtwGif;

0,f xifay:aeNyD; xkdyk*¾K dvfrsm; vkyforQ

t[kwfxifaeMuonf/ xkdyk*¾Kdvfrsm;udk ppfaq;

Munhfygu 0denf;odu©myk'frsm;ukd ykwfavmuf

a&;jyaomfrS rodjzpfaeMuonf/

tcsKdUu taeacsmif? tpm;acsmif

rnftxifjzihf omoemtwGif; 0ifa&mufvm

Muonf/ toufBuD;rS 'kv’btrnfcHum

0ifa&mufvmMuNyD; r[mpnfw&m; tenf;

i,ftm;xkwf? rkd;ukwfw&m; tenf;i,ftm;

xkwf Ny D;vQif q&mBuD;vky fíw&m;q&m?

ur®|mef;enf;jyq&mvkyfaeMuonf/ ppfaq;

Munhfu ur®|mef;av;q,f qkdwmukdrod? 0dok'd

(7)yg;rod? ÓPfpOf(10)yg;rod? 0dyóem

npfnL;aMumi;f(10)yg;rod/ rnfuhJodkY w&m;jy

q&mjzpfaeMuygoenf;/

þjrefrmEk difiH0,f þyk*¾K dvfrsm;

aMumifh omoemonf roefY&Sif;? rpifMu,fbJ

npfEGrf;NyD;&if; npfEGrf;aeMu&ygrnf/

tóyk&okwfvm bk&m;& Si f

vrf;ñTefxm;aom &[ef;jrwfwpfyg;jzpfzk d Y

tusihfESihf aywHwkdif;MunhfMu&efvdkygonf/

pifppftm;jzihf omoemawmftwGif;

0,f &Sifzsuf&[ef;qkd;BuD;rsm; &Sdaeaomfvnf;

avmuobm0t& taumif;ESihftqkd;? tjzL

ESih ftrJ a&maxG;wwfaomobm0&Sdonhf

tm;avsmfpGm ,aeY omoemawmfü *E¦"l&?

0dyóem"l&wkdYukd wu,f tppftrSef xrf;

aqmifaeMuaom &[ef;aumif;? &[ef;jrwf

rsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&Sdaeygao;onf/

xifay:ausmfMum;rIESihf pnf;pdrfOpöm

aemufrvkduf? twårzuf y&[dwtusKd;wdkYukd

onfykd;aeMuaom &[ef;aumif;&[ef;jrwf

rsm;vnf; trsm;tjym; &Sdaeygao;onf/

odk YtwGuf yxroH*g,emwifpOf

tcgu t&Sifr[muóy rdef YMum;cJhaom

t"r®0g'wdk Y rxGef;um;rD? rvTrf;rkd;rD? Ak'¨

omoemukdumuG,fapmihfa&SmufpkdY[k rdefYMum;

ovkd ,aeY&[ef;aumif; &[ef;jrwfwkdYonf

xkd&Sifzsuf&[ef;qkd;wdkYukd okwfoifcsdef wpfzef

a&mufvmjyefaeNyDjzpfygonf/

wpfckcufaeonfum; ,aeYacwf

'g,dum? 'g,dumrwdkYwGif atmufajcvlwef;

pm;rStp txufOpömtmPm&Sd yk*¾KdvfwdkYtxd

aA'if? aq;uk? bkd;awmftrI jyKaeMuaom

bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;ukd txifBuD;aeMuonf/

wefckd;&Sif? £'d&Sif? od'd&Sif [k xifrSwfaeMu

onf/ xkdyk*¾KdvfwdkY\ orxpGrf;tm;qkdonfrSm

wnfNrJonfr[kwfqkdonfudk oabmrayguf

Mu/ rk'kvu©PZmwfü psmefysH&aohBuD; psmef

avsmusonfukd owdrrlrdMu jzpfaeonf/

,aeY 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkYonf

xkdaA'if? eu©wf? ,Mwm? bkd;awmf? bkef;BuD;?

oHCmaemufodk Y waumufaumufvkdufí

aMumihfMupdkufaeMuonf/ wu,fppfrSefaom

y&d,wf? y#dywf0efaqmif &[ef;awmfrsm;?

pmrsufESm 22 odkY

16

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

vltcsif;csif; vSnh fywfjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygapvltcsif;csif; vSnh fywfjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygap

vltcsif;csif; vSnh fywfjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygapvltcsif;csif; vSnh fywfjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygap

vltcsif;csif; vSnh fywfjcif; uif;&Sif;Muygap

okw(a&ToHvGif)

vSnhfywfjcif;ukd pmaywGif rm,mESihf

omaX,s [lí ESpfrsKd;jyxm;ygonf/ rm,m\

oabmrSm vlwpfzufom; txifrSm;atmif

rdrdrSm&Sdaomtjypfukd zkH;uG,fí rdrdwGif tjypf

&S dvsuf r&S dovdk[efaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/

omaX,s\ oabmrSmum; tjcm;olrsm;

txifBuD;atmif rdrdwGifr&S daom *kPfukd

&Sd[efaqmifjcif;rsKd;yifjzpfonf/

xk dE Sp frs K d ;vk H ;r Sm tvdrf? tnm?

aumufuspf,kwfnHhaompdwfxm;rsK d;yifjzpf

onf/ vlESihf vlY0ef;usifwGif ukd,ftom&zkdY?

ukd,fae&m&zkdY? ukd,ftqifajyzkYdtwGuf rdrd\

csK dU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;udk enf;rsK d;pk H jzih f

zkH;uG,fxdefcsef okd0SufwwfMuNyD; rdrd\ r&SdrJh

&SdrJh? &SdpkrJhpk rxifr&Sm; *kPfyk'f? tydkif;tpav;

rsm;ukd oJcg? zkefcg? a&aq;umjzihf ta&mif

wif? aq;qkd;? vlMum;xJodk Y twif;xkd;jy

wwfMuonf/

vuf&SdtcsdeftcgwGif ouf&Sdvlom;

rsm;\ &SifoefaexkdifvkyfukdifrIrsm;ukdMunhfí

vGefawmfrlNyDjzpfaom wdyd#u"& "r®b@m

*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rS EIwfwkduf

&GwfzwfoifMumay;awmfrlcJhaom arwåmokwf

y&dwfawmfvm arwåmyGm;enf; (11)enf;ukd

trSwf&aerdygonf/

(1) vkH;pkHrsm;pGm? owå0g? csrf;omukd,fpdwf

NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(2) aMumufwwf raMumufwwf? ESpf&yfrsm;pGm?

owå0g? csrf;omukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(3) jriftyf rjriftyf? ESpf&yfrsm;pGm? owå0g?

csrf;omukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(4) a0;ae eD;ae? ESpfaxGrsm;pGm? owå0g?

csrf;omukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(5) b0ZmwfqkH; rqkH;rsm;pGm? owå0g? csrf;om

ukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(6) &Snfwdktvwf? okH;&yfcEm? owå0g? csrf;om

ukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(7) BuD; i,f tvwf okH;&yfcE¨m? owå0g?

csrf;omukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(8) ql BuKH tvwf? okH;&yfcEm? owå0g csrf;om

ukd,fpdwf NrJygap/

Oy'f&efab;? uif;pifa0;? Nidrf;at;Muygap/

(9) vltcsif;csif;? vSnhfywfjcif;? uif;&Sif;Mu

ygap/

(10) txifao;jcif;? tcsif;csif;? uif;&Sif;

Muygap/

(11) qif;&Jvkdjcif;? tcsif;csif;? uif;&Sif;Mu

ygap/

txufyg arwåmpdwfxm; vufawGU

usihfokH;oGm;&rnhf tcsuf(11)csufxJrS eHygwf

(9) ajrmuf taMumif;t&mav;ukd rSwfrSwf

om;om; owdxm;rdygonf/

] ]vltcsi f ;csi f ; ? vSnh fywf jci f ; ?

uif;&Sif;Muygap}} [líjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY

&Sifoefaexkdifvsuf&Sdaom þvlYbkH? vlYb0?

vlYXmewGif vlaygif;rsm;pGm pka0;umjzihf twl

,SOfwGJ trSDo[JjyKíaeMuonf/

xkdokdY pka0;um ,SOfwGJumjzihf &Sifoef

&yfwnfaexkdifMuaom vltaygif;wdk Yonf

wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;? wpfzGJUESihfwpfzGJU? wpfEkdifiHESihf

wpfEkdifiH pdwfxm;trSefjzihf qufqHjyKrlaexkdif

Muyg&JUvm;/ trSefwu,fwGif vltcsif;csif;?

tzGJUtcsif;csif;? Ek difiHtcsif;csif; oabm

½kd;ajzmihf pdwfraumufbJ? jzLpifoefY&Sif;? pmem

jcif;ESihf arwåma&SUxm; opömw&m;rsm;vufukdif

xm;um ½kdif;yif;ulnDpGm aeoGm;Murnfqkdyg

vQif vlom;rsm;\ b0ESihf avmuobm0wdkY

onf a&ESihfMumyrm wihfw,fvkdufzuf xm0&

Nidrf;at;vsuf&SdaeOD;rnf[k rSwfxif,kHMunf

rdygonf/

odk Yaomf ,cktcgwGif vdrfEk difrS

ynm&Sd? nmEkdifrS orm"d qkdaom pum;tvGJ

ukd vufukdifpGJí 0ihf<um;*kPf,l &yfwnfaeol

rsm;vnf; 'keYJa'; jzpfaeygawmhonf/

ukd,fu olYukdausmfí olu ukd,hfudk

cGum uwkH;ay:rSm xdyfuGuf? tuGufay:rSm

aq;okwf? aq;ay:rSm tpufcsNyD; rsufvSnhf

ESih f yÍövuf? vufvSnhfyg tazmfac:um

vSnhfywfvdkY nm0g;aeMuawmhonf/

vlYtokdif;t0dkif;twGif;üvnf; tcsKdU

tcsKdUaomolwdkYrSm rdbrsm;u pum;rwnf?

om;orD;awGu vdrfnmajymNyD;? q&mrsm;u

rkom;qkd? wynhfawGu rrSefruef ajymum?

txufvlBuD;u [efaqmifaomtcg atmuf

vlrsm;u vSnhfywfMuawmhonf/

vSnhfywfjcif;[lonf wpfenf;tm;

jzihf vdrfnmjcif;yifjzpfonf/ vdrfnmjcif;

qkdonfrSm rkom0g'uHomjzpfonf/ raumif;

aomtrI tpkpkwdkYwGif vSnhfywfvdrfnmjcif;

onf tqkd;0g;qkH;[k qkdxm;NyD; rkom;qkd0Hhol

onf rjyKvkyf&Jaom tukodkvfraumif;rI

rSeforQ r&Sd[k pmayu jyqkdxm;ygonf/

vlYavmuwGif vSnhfywfvdrfnmjcif;

trIukd ukd,fa&mpdwfyg ESpfrsKd;vkH;jzihf vGefusL;

Ek difayonf/ tvSnhfaumif;vQif wpfcP

17

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

oufom&m&Ekdifaomfvnf; vSnhfywfrIaMumifh yif

ukd,fqif;&J? pdwfqif;&JrIrsm;ESihf BuKHqkH cHpm; &NyD;

tyg,fi&Jxdwk di fusqif;Ek di fonh f oufao

om"ursm; &SdaecJhygonf/

jrwfA k' ¨\omoemawm fwGi f ol

wpfyg;wkdY wkyír&aom to'do'ge- tvSL

BuD;ukd jzpfajrmufatmifjrifatmif tBuHÓPf

ay;í t"dutusKd;aqmifay;cJhaom yaoe'D

aumovrif;BuD;\ rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;onf

vSnhfywfvdrfnmjcif;wpfcsuftwGuf i&JrSm

b0cEmESihf ay;qufcJh&avonf/

wpfaeYwGif rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;onf

a&csKd;cef;odk Y0ifí rsufESmopfNyD; ajcaxmuf

a&aq;&ef cg;ukdukef;vkdufpOf eef;wGif;ü arG;

xm;aom acG;wpfaumifonf rdzk&m;BuD;ESih f

twlygvmNyD; rawmfravsm ftrIuk d jyK&ef

BuKd;pm;&m rdzk&m;BuD;u txdtawGUukd om,m

NyD; Nidrfaevkdufrdonf/

xkdjzpf&yfukd aumovrif;BuD;onf

jymom'ftxuf avomjywif;aygufrS vSrf;í

awGUjrifoGm;onf/ rdzk&m;BuD; a&csK d ;cef;rS

jyefvmum rif;BuD;a&SUod k Y a&mufaomtcg

rif;BuD;rS - tjzpfoepfudkajymqdkjyum ]]t,kwf

wrmr}} [k Budrf;armif; ajymqkdavawmhonf/

xkdtcg rdzk&m;BuD;rS r[kwfrrSef aMumif;

jiif;qkdNyD; vuf&Sdjyóem ajyNidrf;oGm; ap&ef

pdwfxJay:vmonhftwkdif; vdrfnm ajymqkd

vkdufonf/ ]]rif;BuD; xl;qef;aom þ a&csKd;cef;

odkY wpfa,muf0ifonf&Sdaomf avomjywif;rS

MunhfvQif ESpfa,mufjrifawGU &ygonf/ tu,f

í rif;BuD;r,kHvQif a&csKd;cef; odkY 0ifawmfrlyg}}

[k twnfoabmESihf vSnhfywf ajymqkdvkdufonf/

todÓPfynmESih f pOf;pm;qifjcif

ÓPfenf;aom rif;BuD;onf a&csKd;cef;odkY 0if

aomtcg rdzk&m;BuD;onf avomjywif;rS

apmihfMunhfaeNyD; rif;BuD;onf qdwfrESihf rawmf

wavsmf jyKaeonf[k vSnh fywfvdrfnmum

pGyfpGJajymqkdavawmhonf/ xkdtcg rif;BuD;onf

þa&csK d;cef;odk Y wpfa,mufa,muf0ifaomf

ESpfa,mufawGU&onfrSm rSefuefonf[k,kHMunf

vufcHoGm;awmhonf/

rv’dumrdzk&m;BuD;onf rdrd\

raumif;rIESihf rdrdtay:wGif vGefpGmcspfjrwfEkd;

vSaom? ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;pGmwkdYukd twlwl

jyKzufjzpfaomrif;BuD;tm; vSnhfywfvdrfnm

cJhrdonhftwGuf aeYpOfvkdvkd pdwfrcsrf;rom

jzpfíaecJhonf/ ]]igjyKcJhaom raumif;rIukd

bk&m;&Sifonf odawmfrlonf? t*¾om0u

t&SifjrwfBuD;ESpfyg;ESihf &Spfq,faom r[m

om0uBuD;rsm;vnf; odawmfrlMuvdrfhrnf}}

[k aemifwwpfzef ylyefaomupdwfrsm;

jzpfay:vsuf&S donf/ aemufrMumaom

tcs de fumvwGi f uG,fvGe faomtcg

jyKr lc J hz l ;onh f trSwfrxif vSnh fywf

vdrfnmcJhaom raumif;rIukd pGJvrf;owd&

aeNyD; t0Dpdi&JodkY usa&muf oGm;awmhonf/

wu,fwrf;wGif rvd’umrdzk&m;BuD;

onf bk&m;wpfql? wpfql\ omoemwGif

wpfBudrfwpfcgom vSLEkdifcJaom? olwpfyg;wdkY

wkyr&Ekdifaom (to'do'ge) tvSLBuD;udk

aumovrif;BuD;ESifh pdwfwlukd,frQ twlwuG

aygif;pyfí xkdacwfxkdtcgu wefzkd;aiG

wpfq,fhav;uka# tukeftuscHí ay;urf;

vSL'gef;EkdifcJhonf/

tvSLcHyk*¾KdvfrSmvnf; bk&m;&Sif

ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;ESihf t*¾om0u? r[m

om0u? t&d,moHCmawmf t&Sifoljrwf

aygif; rsm;pGm yg0ifcJhayonf/ rGefjrwfaom

tvSLcHESihf ,kHMunfrIjynhf0aom o'gw&m;

rsm; aygif;pkum aumif;rIrsm;pGm jyKcJhygaomf

vnf; ,if; wpfq,fhav;uka# ukefaom

tvSLBuD;wkdYu vwfwavm b0ukd u,fr

ír&EkdifbJ jzpfawmhonf/

,aeYacwfumv tcgor,wGif

EIwfcsK dum oabmrajzmihf? tNyKH;csK dum

pdwfu rajzmihfbJ ukd,hftvkdokdY ra&muf

a&mufatmifom vSnhfywfum vdrfnm

pum;ESihf ,kHMunf atmif [efaqmifrIw&m;

tajrmuftrsm; jzpfyGm;aeMuonf/

wpfcs K d UwpfavrSm vlxif BuD;

atmif tvSLay;? vlav;pm;atmif tusKd;

aqmif? vluG,f&mrSm wpfrsKd;ajym? vlrjrif&mrSm

wp fr s K d ; vky f ? r k d ;c s Ky fv k d Y t dr f jye fvQi f

ukd,fhtwGufusefzkdYu t"du? 0rf;0zkdYukd yxrESihf

vSnhfywf&wmukdyif oabm usvdkYaeMuonf/

þodkY oHo&mukd ta&;rxm;? rav;

rpm;jyKrlaeMuolrsm;onf ]]jyKoltopf? jzpfol

ta[mif;}}? uHZmwf aMumif;ukd iJhapmif;um

NcKHikHokH;oyfMunhf vkdufMurnfqkdygvQif igonf

oefY&Sif;aom? [kwfrSefaom? rvSnhfywfcJhaom

olwpfa,mufjzpfcJhyg&JUvm;/ odk Yr[kwf ol

wpfyg;ukd ausmfol? cGol? vSnhfywfcJholjzpfcJh

ygvQif tvSnhfusvdkY EGJUr&aomtcgrsKd;wGif

],Mwm? "gwf½kduf? ewfwkduf} ívnf; ausat;?

ajyaysmuf? vGwfajrmufEkdifawmhrnf r[kwfyg/

xkdYaMumihf vlYb0ukd twlwuG &&Sd

vmMuolwkdif;onf oHo&mc&D;rSm twlwl

oGm;vmaeMu&if; ukd,fhu txufa&mufae

aomtcg olYukdqGJvkdY? ukd,fu atmufa&muf

aecJhjyef&ifvnf; olYukdwGJum tjyeftvSef az;r

ulnDoGm;EkdifMuzdkY vdkygonf/

b0avS,mOfESihf oHo&ma&jyifwGif

wpfavSwnf;pD;NyD; wpfc&D;wnf; oGm;aeMu

&ol tcsif;csif; rSefaomapwem? wlnDaom

arwåm? ulnDrItMuifem? 0rf;ajrmufrI rk'dwm

w&m;rsm; ukd,fpD usihfokH;oGm;Ekdifatmif tav;

xm; BuKd;pm;aqmif&Gufoihfygonf/

vlYb0jzpfpOfwGif olYtaMumif;ESihf

olYtusKd; ykHaooabmrsKd;&Sdum ukd,hfuHESihf

ukd,hfMur®m trSeftuefjyefvmMurSmudkvnf;

,kHMunfvufcH todtrSwfjyKxm;&ef vdktyf

ygonf/

w'*FcP vlYb0ukd &&Sdykdifqkdifxm;

qJwGif [kwfaomtBuH? rSefaompum;? aumif;

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tcsif;csif;? vSnhfywfjcif;? uif;&Sif;Muygap}}

[lí qkawmif;arwåm ydkYovkdufygonf/

qif;&Jcsrf;om owå0gtaygif;

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usrf;ñTef;- arwåmokwf y&dwfawmf

okw(a&ToHvGif)

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trSwf-15? vdIifjrpfvrf;? aygufawm&yf? tif;pdef? &efukef/

a&mh]x} trSwfwHqdyf

&SLaq;bl;BuD;

&SLvdkufzkef;= 722704? 642047

jzefYcsda&;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

avmu[lonhf wuúodkvfBuD;xJwGif

oif,lp&mrsm;u tvGefyif aygvSygonf/

bmawGoif,lcJhNyD;NyDvJ? bmawGwwfajrmuf

NyD;NyDvJ? b,fvkdtodw&m;awG &SdcJhNyDvJ/ pOf;pm;

Munhf&ef vdkrnfxifygonf/

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bmom&yfrsm;u rsK d;pk H? twwfynmrsK d;pk H?

todynmrsKd;pkH pkHvifvGef;vSyg\/ rnfonhf

twwfynm? todynmrsKd;pkHrqkd olYae&mESihf

olawmh tokH;0ifonfcsnf;omjzpfonf/ þ

ae&mwGif taemufwkdif;rS ykHjyifav;wpfyk'fukd

owd&rdygonf/

ya&mfzuf(pf)qmBuD;wpfa,muf

onf yifv,fjyifukd avhvm&ef yifv,furf;pyf

wpfckudka&mufvmcJhygonf/ urf;pyfwGif avS

orm;wpfa,mufudk jrifaomtcg tem;oGm;

í ]]a[h- 'DrSm igyifv,fjyifukd avhvmcsif

w,f? tJ'g rif;vkdufydkYEkdifrvm;? vkyftm;cukd

rif;awmif;oavmuf igay;r,f}} [k ajym\/

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yifv,fjyifudk xGufvmMuygawmhonf/

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onhf acsmuvuf? axmywfudwfrkefYrsm; pm;

vk duf? tat;ukd azmufaomufvk dufjzih f

yifv,favukd wpf0BuD; ½SL½Idufíaeav\/

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teD;Munhf? a&atmufrSefajymif;rsm;jzihf [kdMunhf

'DMunhf pl;prf;avhvmaeonf/ yg;pyfuvnf;

tNidrfraeyg/

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xm;onhf ya&mfzuf(pf)qmBuD;rSm avSorm;

ajymonhf qGrf;armfavmf*sDtwwfynmukd

rwwfonhftwGuf yifv,fjyifü ig;pmjzpfoGm;

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twwfynmav;jzihf ab;vGwf&mukd ul;cwf

oGm;Ekdifygonf/ rnfonhftwwfynmrqkd

olYae&mESihfolawmh tokH;0ifMuonfomjzpf

onf/

þurÇmay:&Sd vlom;tm;vkH;wdkYonf

avmuwuúodkvfBuD;xJodk Y pwif0ifa&muf

vmpOfuyif odp&m wwfp&mrsm;ukd oifMum;

cJh&ygonf/ wpfupí ajrvSefMunhfygvQif

rdcif0rf;rSxGufuwnf;u jzpfonf/

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at;onf ? c sr f ;onf ponfwd k Yonf

uRE f ky fwd k Yuk d,fwk di fod r[kwfyg/ Oyrm

tcgvnfom;avmuft&G,f uav;wpf

a,mufonf a&aEG;tkd;ukd vufjzihf xdrdoGm;

onhftcg qkd;&Gm;onhf rcHomaom 'ku©

a0'emukd cHpm;vkduf&onhftwGuf atmfidk

ygawmhonf/ odkYaomf xkduav;onf ylrSef;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES19

"r®0D&onf udk,fusihfodu©mjzLpifjrihfjrwfrI 0de,udkaqmifEkdifMu&efjzpfonf/

rodyg/ rdbrsm;u aemifrjzpfatmif a&aEG;tkd;

ukdajr§mufjyum ]]om;a& ylyl}} [k ajymvkdufonhf

tcg xkduav;i,fonf olYvufESihf a&aEG;tkd;

xdrnfonhftwGuf rcHomaom tawGUoabm

av;tm; ]]ylw,f}} [kac:onfukd wpfoufvkH;

pJGrSwfoGm;ygawmhonf/

xkdenf;wlpGm tyltat;? ta&mif

tqif;? tokH;taqmifypönf;? tpm;taomuf

ponfh avmuynwftrSwfonmrsm;ukd rdb

rsm;xHrS pwifoifMum;cJh&ygonf/ ausmif;ae

t&G,fa&mufvmaomtcg rlvwef;? tv,f

wef;? txufwef;rSonf tqihfjrihf ynmxd

a&mufatmif acwfynmrsm;ukd oif,lcJhMu

&yg\/ tcsK d UrSmvnf; tqihf jrih fynmxd

a&mufrvmbJ tajctaetrsKd;rsK d;aMumihf

a&;wwf? zwfwwfb0jzihf BuD;cJh&olrsm;? (5)

wef;? (6)wef; (odkYr[kwf) (9)wef;? (10)wef;

tqihfrSmyif &yfwefYum pD;yGm;a&;? b0&yf

wnfrItwGuf BuKH&mtvkyfukd vkyfukdif&if;

avmu"Hrkefwkdif;udk ½kef;uefMu&onf/ tcsKdU

rSmvnf; rdbu jynhfpkHaomfvnf; ynmudk

roifcsif? ynmwpfykdif;wpjzihf rdbykdufqHukd

xkdifjzKef;um raumif;onfhtwwf? raumif;

onhftusihfjzihf taygif;toif;rSm;í ysufpD;

avvTifhaeolrsm;vnf; &Sdavonf/

tem*wf\ om;aumif;&wemrsm;

onf arQmfrSef;xm;ovdk ynmrsm;wwfajrmuf

NyD; t&m&Sdt&mcH? &mxl;XmeEÅ&awGESihf jzpfcJh

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a&mufum raumi;faomtwwfynmrsm;ukd

oif,lwwfajrmufí 'kp½kdufom;aumifrsm;

jzpfoGm;Muavonf/

avmuwuúodkvfBuD;xJwGif vlrsKd;

aygif;pkH? bmompum;aygif;pkH? taoG;ta&mif

aygif;pkH? tawG;tBuHaygif;pkH? t,ltqaygif;

pkH? oif,lp&m ynm&yfaygif;pkH rwljcm;em;

uGJjym;Muaomfvnf; wlnDrIwpfck&Sdygonf/

xkdwlnDrIonfum; ]]aojcif;w&m;}} yifjzpf

onf/ tvGefyif aocsmygonf/ uREfkyfwkd Y

tm;vkH;onf aoMu&rnfrSm trSefyifjzpf onf/

tcsdef? em&D? aeY&ufwkdY twdtus

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oif,lwwfajrmufcJhygonf/ odkYygaomfvnf;

rnfonhfynm&yfonf t"duusygovJ/

pOf;pm;oihfygonf/ avmuwuúodkvfausmif;

awmfBuD;xJwGif ynm&yfrSeforQukd tcsKyftm;

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avmukwå&mynm[k ESpfrsKd;&onf/

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BuHpnfpOf;pm;awG;ac:rIrS jzpfay:vmaom

ynm&yfrsm;jzpfonf/ BA, B.Sc, MA, M.Sc,

Ph.D ponhf acwfynmrsm;rS tpjyKí y&rw¦

w&m; (pdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf? edAÁmef) \tjyif

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avmuDynm&yfrsm;yifjzpfonf/

avmukwå&mqkdonfrSm avmu +

Owå& ESpfckaygif;xm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ avmu

qkdonfu ocFg&avmu? Moumoavmu?

owåavmu [lonfh avmuokH;yg;yifjzpf

onf/ Owå&qkdonfrSm xGufajrmufjcif;[k

t"dyÜg,f&onf/

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avmukwå&mqkdonfrSm avmuokH;yg;rS xGuf

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onf h BA, B.Sc, MA, M.Sc,ponh f

acwfynmrsm;r S tpjyKí vufr Iynm?

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vuf&Sdb0aerI? pm;rI? 0wfrI? pm;0wfaea&;

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trSm;&SdvQif trSef&Sdrnf/ tyl&SdvQif tat;

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t"du ESihf omrn cGJjcm;wwf&ef vdkayvdrhf

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wihfwifhw,fw,f xnfxnf0g0g pm;Ek dif?

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onf/ xkdtcg tyg,fudkom vm;a&muf&yg\/

avmuwuúod kvf ausmif;awmf BuD; uk d

a&mufvmcJhNyD;rS oHo&m jzifhMunhfygu wefzdk;

tESpfom& bmrQr&Sdaom ynmudkom ,lí

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avmuwuúodkvf ausmif;awmfBuD; wGif tcsdef

tcg? tcGihfoihfckduf &,lEkdifMuygap [k qEjyK

vkdufygonf/rSDNidrf;-Ak'¨pmayrsm;

ukdjirf;(½ku©aA')

20"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON A- NA

- PA

- NA DI

-PANI

-

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDqa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpkaa&;om;jyKpka

tmemy

THE A-NA

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OR

THE MANUAL OF MINDFby

Maha-thera Ledi- Saya-daw, TRANSLATED into English by U Sein Nyo

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(15) pwkw¬ pwkuúenf;

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(1) yxrtcef;rSm-

tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?

tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

(2) 'kwd,tcef;rSm-

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0d&m*gEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

(3) wwd,tcef;rSm-

eda&m"mEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?

eda&m"mEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

(4) pwkw¬tcef;rSm-

y#dedó*¾gEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?

y#dedó*¾gEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

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xGufoufvTwfaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/tedpömEkyóD?

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odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

(2) 0d&m*gEkyóD? aysmufuif;rIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/tóod

ómrd? xGufoufvTwfaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

0d&m*gEkyóD? aysmufuif;rIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/ yóodómrd? 0ifouf½I

aytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

(3) eda&m"mEkyóD? csKyfuG,frIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/ tóod

ómrd? xGufoufvTwfaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

eda&m"mEkyóD? csKyfuG,frIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/ yóodómrd? 0ifouf½I

aytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

(4) y#dedó*¾gEkyóD? wzefpGefYypfrIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/ tó

odómrd? xGufoufvTwfaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

y#dedó*¾gEkyóD? wzefpGefYypfrIudk tzefzef½Ivsuf/ yóodómrd?

0ifouf½IaytHh/ £wd? þodkY/ odu©wd? tm;xkwf\/

(¤if;pwkw¬ pwkuúteuf)

XIIIThe Fourth Tetrad

I shall now show the fourth tetrad which gives themethod of proceeding from mindfulness of breathing to insight(vipassana).

1. Aniccanupassi assasissamiti sikkhati, aniccabupassipassasissamiti sikkhati.

2.Viraganupassi assasissamiti sikkhati, viraganuipassi passasissamiti sikkhati.

3.Nirodhanupassi assasissamiti sikkhati, nirodhanupassi passasissamiti sikkhati.

4.Patinissagganupassi assasissamiti sikkhati,patinissagganupassi passasissamiti sikkhati.

1. "Contemplating impermanence, I will exhale and in-hale," thus trains himself.

2. "Contemplating detachment, I will exhale and inhale,"thus he trains himself.

3. "Contemplating cessation, I will exhale and in-hale,"thus he trains himself.

The way to proceed to insight (vipassana) will be dealtwith later (see XVII)

XIVHow the Foundations of Mindfulness are Fulfilled

The Buddha said that those who accomplish mindful-ness of breathing also fulfil the function of the four foundationsof mindfulness (satipatthanas). I shall here give just the essen-tial meaning.

In the four tetrads dealt with above, effort in the firsttetrad, which includes the counting and connection methods(ganana, anubandhana), consists entirely of the application ofmindfulness to contemplation of the body (kayanupassanasatipatthana). Out-breath and in-breath, being part of the cor-poreality group (rupa-kaya), are called body (kaya). Thus theAnapanasati Sutta says, "This is a certain body among the dif-ferent kinds of bodies, namely, out-breath and in-breath (kayesukayannataraham bhikkhave etam vadami yadidamassasapassasa)."

Effort in the second tetrad consists of the application ofmindfulness to contemplation of feelings (vedananupassana

21"r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON A - NA

- PA

- NA DI

-PANI

-

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;awmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaom

yge'DyeD

NA DI-PANI

-

R

FULNESS OF BREATHINGy

Aggamaha-pan.d.ita, D. Litt.o Tun, Late of The Indian Civil Service.

þpwkw¬ pwkuúum; 0dyóem wufenf;wnf;/ ¤if;tpDt&ifudk

aemufrSqdktHh/

pwkw¬pwkuúenf; NyD;\/

(16) owdy|mefyGm;rsm;rIudpöNyD;yH k

,cktcg tmemygetvkyfudk tm;xkwfpGJNrJolwdkYtm; owd

y|mefav;yg;yGm;rsm;rIudpö NyD;pD;yHkudk a[mawmfrl\/ vdk&if;t"dyÜm,f jyqdk

aytHh/

1/ xkwfjycJhNyD;aom pwkuúav;yg;wdkYwGif *Pemç tEkAEem

2-enf; tpDt&ifjzihf jyqdkcJhNyD;aom yxrpwkuútvkyfonfum; um,

Ekyóemowdy|meftvkyfoufoufaywnf;/ xGufouf0ifoufonf

½lyum, wpdwfjzpfí um,rnf\/

uma,ok um,nw&m[H bdu©a0 {wH 0'grd ,'d'H tó

oyómom/

(¤if;tmemygeówdokwf ygVdawmf)

bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkY/ ,'d'H- a, £ar tómoyómom?

tMuifxGufoufç 0ifoufwdkYonf/ oEÅd? &Sdukef\/ {wH? þxGufoufç

0ifouf ESpfyg;taygif;udk/ uma,ok? yx0Dum,ç tmaygum, tp&Sd

aom um,trsm;wdkYwGif/ um,nw&H? 0ga,mum, wyg;[lí/ t[H?

igbk&m;onf/ 0'grd? a[mawmfrl\/

(¤if;ygVdteuf)

2/ 'kwd, pwkuútvkyfonf a0'emEkyóem owdy|mef

tvkyfaywnf;/

a0'emok a0'emnw&m[H bdu©a0 {wH 0g'rd ,'d'H tó

oyómomeH om"kuH reoduma&m/

(¤if;okwf ygVdawmf)

bdu©a0? &[ef;wdk Y/ tómo yómomeH? xGufoufç

0ifoufwkdYukd/ om"kuH? aumif;pGm/ ,'d'H- a,m t,H reoduma&m?

tMuifESvHk;oGif;jcif;onf/ tw¬d? &Sd\/ {wH? þaumif;pGm ESvHk;oGif;rIudk/

a0'emok? a0'emtrsm;wdkYwGif/ 0g? cHpm;jcif;trsm;wkdYwGif/ a0'emn

w&H? a0'emwyg;[lí/ 0g? cHpm;jcif;wyg;[lí/ t[H? igbk&m;onf/

0'grd? a[mawmfrl\/

satipatthana). The text says, "This is a certain feeling among thedifferent kinds of feelings, namely, this mental advertence to out-=breath and in-breath done thoroughly and well (vedanasauvedanannataraham bhikkhave etam vadami, yadidamassasapassasanam sadhukam manasikaro). "Thoroughly andwell" (sadhukam) indicates the special endeavour that is requiredin experiencing rapture (pitippatisamvedi), etc. Here, while at-tention continues to be placed on the out-breath and in-bratheffort is made to clearly perceive the feelings with wisdom, andthus work in the second tetrad is called the application of mind-fulness to contemplation of feelings.

Work in the third tetrads consists of the application ofmindfulness to contemplation of mind (cittanupassanasatipatthana). Here also, while attention continues to be placedon the out-breath and in-breath, effort is made to clearly perceivethe mind with wisdom.

Work in the fourth tetrad, such as contemplation of im-permanence (aniccanupassi), is the application of mindfulnessto contemplation of mind objects (dhammanupassanasatipatthana). Here again, while attention continues to be placedon the out-breath and in-breaths, effort is made to clearly per-ceive the overcoming of such unwholesome states as covetous-ness (abhijjha) and grief (domanassa) with wisdom. The suttasays, "Seeing thoroughly with wisdom that which is the over-coming of covetousness and grief, he takes good care of it (yoyam abhijjhadomanassanam pahanam, tam pannaya disvasadhukam ajjhupekkhita hoti). Because such things (dhamma)as impermanence are contemplated together with the out-breathand in-breath, it is also proper to call it the application of mindful-ness to contemplation of mind objects.

XVHow the Enlightenment Factors are Fulfilled

I shall now show how a person who fulfils mindfulnessof breathing also fulfils the seven factors of enlightenment(bojjhangas).

Since the work of mindfulness of breathing consists ofmaking mindfulness (sati) firmer and stronger everyday, itamounts to practising the enlightenment factor of mindfulness(sati-sambojjhanga), Says the sutta: "When, to a yogi practis-

22"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

THE LEDI DHAMMA ON ANAPANA DIPANI

pmrsufESm 15 rS

(¤if;ygVd\ teuf)

(om"kuHqdkonfum;- yDwdyÜ#doHa0'D tp&Sdaom Oóm[

txl;jzpfyGm;rIwnf;/)

þxGufoufç 0ifoufudktm½HkjyKvsuf ÓPfü a0'emw&m;

vnf; txl;xif&Sm;&SdaomaMumihf þpwkuútvkyfudk a0'emEkyóem

owdy|meftvkyf qdkownf;/

3/ wwd,pwkuú tvkyfonf pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef

tvkyfwnf;/ þüvnf; xGufoufç 0ifoufudk tm½HkjyKvsuf ÓPfü

pdwfw&m;vnf; txl;xif&Sm;vsuf&SdaomaMumihf þpwkuútvkyfudk

pdwåmEkyóemowdy|meftvkyfqdkownf;/

4/ tedpömEkyóD tp&Sdaom pwkw¬ pwkuútvkyfonf "r®m

Ekyóemowdy|meftvkyfwnf;/ þüvnf; xGufoufç 0ifoufudk tm½Hk

jyKvsuf ÓPfü rdrdpdwfrSm tbdZÑmç a'greóudk y,fazsmufjcif;[laom

y[me"r®onfvnf; xif&Sm;vsuf&SdaomaMumihf þpwkuútvkyfudk "r®m

Ekyóemowdy|meftvkyfqdkownf;/

aom ,H wH tbdZÑm a'greómeH y[meH? wH ynm, 'doGm

om"kuH tZÑKayu©dwm a[mwd/

(¤if;okwf ygVdawmf)

aom? xdka,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf/ tbdZÑma'greómeH? tbdZÑm

a'greóudk/ ,H wH y[meH? tMuify,fjcif;onf/ tw¬d? &Sd\/ wH?

xdky,fjcif;ukd/ ynm,? ynmjzihf/ 'doGm? jrifí/ om"kuH? aumif;pGm/

tZÑLayu©dwm? vspfvsL½Ionf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/

xGufoufç 0ifoufESihfwuG bufwGJvsuf tedpö"r®udkvnf;½I

aomaMumihf "r®mEkyóemowdy|mefjzpfonf[lívnf; qdkoifh\/

owdy|mef yGm;rsm;rIudpö NyD;yHkNyD;\

ing mindfulness of breathing, mindfulness becomes firm, andthere is no moment when he is without mindfulness, then theenlightenment factor of mindfulness is accomplished."

The prograss the person practising mindfulness ofbreathing makes in developing wisdom, and in discerning thevarious phenomena associated with that practise, is the enlight-enment factor of investigation of phenomena (dhammavicaya-sambojjhanga),

The prograss of energy in the work of mindfulness ofbreathing is the development of the enlightenment factor of en-ergy (viriya-sambojjhanga).

When the stage of "experiencing rapture"(pitipatisamvedi) is reached, the progressive development ofrapture is the development of the enlightenment factor of rapture(pitisambojjhanga),

When rapture is attained in the work of mindfulness ofbreathing, the disturbing states of indolence and torpor becomeallayed and calmed; the prograssive development of this calmingdown is the development of the enlightenment factor of calm-ness (passadhi-sambojjhanga),

When calmness develops, concentration (samadhi)develops: this is the enlightenment factor of concentration(samadhi sambojjhanga).

When concentration develops, there is no longer anyoccasion for anxiety and concern arising out of an inattentivemind, and thus the enlightenment factor of equanmity is devel-oped (upekkha-sambojjhanga).

The sutta shows in detail how the seven factors of en-lightenment become accomplished by accomplishing each of thefour foundations of mindfulness.

(To Be Continues)

e,fpyfa'o? zGHUNzdK;rItm;enf;aom a'orsm;odkY

tyifyef;cH? tqif;&JcH omoemjyKaeMuaom

&[ef;awmf rsm;ukdrl aMumihfMurJhjzpfMuum

vSL'gef;rI tm;enf;vmaeMuygonf/

Ak'¨u tvSLjyKvkyf&mü vSL'gef;ol

'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkYvnf; tusKd;&Sd? tvSL'gef;

cH&aom &[ef;vnf; *E¦"l&? 0dyóem"l&

usihfEkdif&ef taxmuftuljyK tusKd;&Sdapaom

0dap,s'ge a&G;cs,fívSLaom tvSLud k

a[mMum; vrf;ñTefxm;ygonf/

þtóyk&okwfvm Ak'¨vrf;ñTef

csufwdkYudk od&Sdem;vnfMuvQif ypönf;av;yg;

tvSL&SifwdkYonf- &[ef;b0[lonf twå-y&

ESpf0 tusKd;&Sdapaom b0jzpfonfudk od&SdEkdif

ovdk &[ef;wpfyg;tm; rGefjrwfaom? tqihf

jrihfaom w&m;tod&zkdYtwGuf rnfodkY tqihf

qihf usihf&rnf/ rnfodkYaom ZGJ? owåd? Aswåd?

0D&d,&Sd&onfukd avhvmtuJcwf Ek difMu

ygrnf/ omoemhabmifae &[ef;wdkYukd twk

tppf cGJjcm;EkdifMuNyD; tppf&[ef;wdkYukd ,kHMunf

pGm ukd;uG,fEkdifMuygrnf/ v,f,majraumif;ü

ukodkvfrsK d;aphukd apwemo'¨gxufoefpGm

pkdufysKd;EkdifMuygrnf/

xd kaMumif h ,aeY Ak'¨bmom0if

olawmfpifwdkYonf &[ef;aumif;&[ef;jrwfrsm;

ukd a&G;cs,fwwfí omoemawmfBuD;ukd

rdrdtusKd; omoemtusKd;twGuf vSL'gef;EkdifMu

&ef Ak' a[mMum; &[ef;jrwfwdkY usihfpOfw&m;

udk odMum;em;vnfEkdifMuygap/

r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu"Z

wuúodkvfoQifoD&d("r®mp&d,?bDat)

ñTef;- tóyk&okwf

&mpkopf\

pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd

Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom

avmutjrifjzifh

b0ukd&ifqkdifvsuf

atmifjrifpGm

jzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY

"r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU/

23"r®0D&onf ax&0g' ]oeEÅ&}xGef;um;&efjzpfonf/

TALKS ABOUT THE DHAMMA

(,ciftywfrStquf)

jrefrmEkdifiHawmfa'ot&yf&yfwdk Y ü

t&n0goDawm&yfrS Dvsufaeavh&Sdawmfrlaom

r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf 0e0goDaO,s"r®omrdr[max&f

a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlaom "ar®m0g'uxm

omoemawmfBuD;

\

a&aomufjrpfoHk;oG,f

(omoem jyKvkyfief;tydkif;)

þtydkif;\ vdk&if;tcsKyf

þtydkif;onf omoemjyKvkyfief;udk pdppfjy&mtydkif;jzpfjcif;

aMumih f omoemjyKvkyfief;onf bmud kac:oenf;/ tar;ud k

aumufcsufcsjyzdkY vdkonf/

omoemjyKvkyfief;onf...

u/ bHkAdr®mef eef;jyóm'fBuD;rsm; xD;xD;rm;rm; ay:aygufvm&ef

vnf; r[kwf?

c/ csD;usL;pum; vlajymrsm;vsufu vlolav;yg; MuufysHrus

pnfum;vm&efvnf; r[kwf/

*/ crf;em;0ihfxnf ypönf;Opömjc,fvS,fwdkYjzihf pHyg,fEdkif&eftwGuf

vnf; r[kwfacs/

wpfzef....xdkr[kwfwdkYESihf rnfodkYrQ rywfoufaom

acgif;aqmifonf rdrdudk,fawmfwdkif bk&m;tqHk;tr omoem

awmfoHk;0udk

onmodrSonf ynmododkY? wpfzef ynmodrSonf ynm&SdodkY?

tenf;qHk; "r®&o cHpm;EkdifcGihf &aponftxd taumifq;Hk;

0drkwdå &o cHpm;EkdifcGihf &aponftxd oGm;vrf;azmufEkdif&rnf/

xdkYaemuf

aemufyg a0ae,swdkYudkvnf; rdrduRrf;aom xdkoGm;vrf; twdkif;

tenf;qHk; "r®&o cHpm;EkdifcGihf &aponftxd ydkYaqmifEkdifpGrf; &Sd&rnf/

þü "r®&oqdkonfrSm aomwmyef ou'g*rf tem*grfwdkY\

cHpm;cGihfwnf;/

þü 0drkwdå&oqdkonfrSm &[EÅmwpfql\ cHpm;ydkifcGihfwnf;/

xdkodkY cHpm;cGihf &ap&mü yg&rDonf pum;ajym\/

xdkyg&rDum; owd todwdkYü wnf\/

owd\ aphpyftm;? pl;pdkuftm;? odykdiftm;? oHk;rsKd;onf yg&rD

tEkt&ihfudk cGJa0ydkif;jcm;ay;aom wdkif;'kwfud&d,mwnf;/

1/ tMuifolonf r*¾ifvrf; xrf;vsufu oGm;&mü

owdtrSwf\ aphpyftm;jzihfom oGm;\/

xd kol\ rSwfÓPfonf 0d k;w0g;rQom jzpf&m xd kol\

todonfvnf; cGifvHk;ydkif r[kwf&um; oGm;vrf;rqHk;wwf/

odkYaMumihf...

¤if;tm; yg&rDEkol[líom orkwftyf\/

2/ tMuifolonf r*¾ifvnf; xrf;vsufuoGm;&mü

owdtrSwf\ aphpyftm;tMum; pll;pd kuftm;yg pdkufcsí

oGm;\/

xdkol\ rSwfÓPfonf oJuGJ½HkrQjzpf&m xdkol\ todonf

vnf; olYqdkif&m udpörQudkom od&um; oGm;vrf;rqHk;wqHk;0,f xpfwwf

\/

odkYaMumihf...

¤if;tm; yg&rD tv,ftvwf&Sdol[lí orkwftyf\/

3/ tMuifolonfum; r*¾ifvrf; xrf;vsufu oGm;&m

ü owdtrSwf\ aphpyftm;wGif pl;pdkuftm;vnf; jr§KyfoGif;ay;xm;\/

jzpforQ t&SD jzpfoavmufvnf; ododae\/ ysuforQ t&Sdüvnf;

ysufoavmufyif ododaebd\/

xdkol\ rSwfÓPfum; taumif;udkvnf;aumif;? tqdk;udk

vnf;aumif;? taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? tusKd;udkvnf;aumif;? tdwfoGef

zmarSmuf awmufavQmufBuD; odydkifae&um; oGm;vrf;qHk;onfom jzpf&

\/

odkYaMumihf....¤if;udkum; yg&rD&ifhaeol[lí orkwftyfacs

\/ þü odapvdkonfrSm....

yg&rD[lonf owdtodudkom qdkvdkNyD; xdktrSwf xdktodwdkY

\ a&SUa&SUonf aemufaemufwdkYtwGuf jznfhay;xm;NyD; jzpfaeNyD; xdk

trSwf\ xdk;azmufay;xm;rItwdkif;vQif todvrf;tpüom ar;wif

aejcif;? tv,f0,f ar;wifaejcif;? tqHk;xd aygufajrmufjcif;[laom

ed,mrwnf;/

odkYaMumihf odu©mwif0efxrf; xdkvrf;oGm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYvuf0,f

&Sd owd todwdkYudk xdxdrdrd toHk;csum....

rdrdvnf; oDvüwnf olwpfyg;wdkYudkvnf; oDvü wnfap

í odu©moHk;qifh rSefaomtusihfjzihf opömvrf; zGifhMuygavukef]/

oDv*kPfa&mif wajymifajymif wnfaxmifzefMuyg?

udk,fawmhraqmif trsm;aqmif rajymifrGJwwfpGm/

udk,fvnf;usihfaqmif rsm;usihfaqmif xG#facgifoDvwdkifrnf

om/

þqdktyfcJhNyD;aom tpDt&ifjzihf tydkif;(2) omoemjyKvkyf

ief;[laom qdkzG,f&mpum; NyD;qHk;jcif;odkY a&mufNyDwnf;/

24

]oeEÅ&} [lonf urÇmtpOftquf razmufrjyef rSefpGmwnf&Sdaom w&m;jzpfonf/

DHAMMA 'S POEM

Ä ]ol}.....

£a`Eodu©m

csrsufvTmESihf

bm0emyGm;

bk&m;om;awmf/ /

Ä ]ol}.....

yihftdrfwdkif;qGrf;cH

arwåmcEÅD? yHkrSefay;tyf

aeç aojrwfa&;

tNrJawG;ae/ /

Ä ]ol}....

cH,lwnfaqmuf?

EkdifoavmufpGefY

aqmufwnfoDv?

avmbça'go

arm[w&m; z,fa&Smif&Sm;//

Ä ]ol}....

tvGrf;armif;ESif

pdwfMunfvifat;

bk&m;aq;aomuf

w&m;atmufrSmyJ

aysmfumae/

Ä ]ol}....

tyg,f0#fEGH? epfruRHzdkY

jr§KyfESHtm;xkwf? emrf½kyf"r®m

oHo&m&[wf? ig;&yfcEm

twåuGmatmif? usihfBuHatmif/

ausmf0if;ouf «odkYr[kwf» &Sifacrm0k"\yHk&dyf

(&Sifacrm0k")

Ä ]ol}....

xdkxdkvlrsm;? ukodkvfyGm;zdkY

0yfwGm;OD;wif? jrifvQif½dkusKd;

MunfndK&Sdcdk;jcif;udk cH,lol/

Ä ]ol}..

pHwkr&? avmuxGufayguf

rsufarSmufedAÁmef? t"d|mefESihf

r*fÓPfpOfawG &SmazGae/

Ä ]ol}...

obm0"mwf? y&rwfç ynwf

ESpf&yfydkif;jcm;? &Sif;jywfom;NyD;

oifMum;vdrfrm? 'd|duGmatmif

pdwfrSmtNrJqifjcifae/

Ä ]ol}...

olYb0rSm? bmrSrvdk

w&m;udkom? vdkvm;ESpfouf

r*fzdkvf&a&; 'gyJawG;/

Ä ]ol}...

uAsmorm;? pmorm;qdkwm

trsm;odaeNyD;om;yJ/

Ä ]ol}..

b0ed*Hk;? tqHk;owfvS

Ak'qHk;r? Mo0g'udkcH,l

½kyf"r®emrf"r®? jzpfMuysufMu

tedpö? 'ku©? tewåqifjcif

ÓPfESihf,SOfwGJ? avmuxJrSm

aoyGJ0ifzdkY jyifqifae/ /

&Sifacrm0k"(ausmf0if;ouf)

&Sdvnf;rydkif? udk,fESih frqdkif&S dvnf;rydkif? udk,fESih frqdkif

&S dvnf;rydkif? udk,fESih frqdkif&S dvnf;rydkif? udk,fESih frqdkif

&S dvnf;rydkif? udk,fESih frqdkif

Ä aowJhvlawG? aooGm;MuNyD

b,fqDudk,hftvSnhf

vSnhfavrnf rod/ /

Ä aoonf\ aemufrSm

bmrSvnf; ,lroGm;Ekdif

qdkif&mqdkif&m a0iS,loGm;Muwm/

Ä ao&Gmvm;olvnf;

bmrSvnf; rwwfEkdif

oleJYrqdkifovdkygyJ/ /

Ä uJ- bmawGudkrsm;

wyfrufcsifao;vJ¿/ /

rif;e&dE´m

Nothing!

* Dead humen are gone,When will my turn.After deathcan carry nothingcan own nothing.

* Authority ocncerned dividedHe(or) she was hopeless,can't interferethey dont' care.

* Well-what do you want at ageto be infatuated.

Min Nareinder

25

ax&0g'onf umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömjzpfonf/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURES

rsufESmzk H;rSFrom the Infront cover

&[ef;ig;&mwdkYudk taMumif; jyKí a[mMum;awmfrlayonf/

om0wd¬jynfü &[ef;ig;&mwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;&SiftxHawmf

ü t&[wåzdkvfwdkifatmifom ur®|mef;udk oif,lNyD;í &[ef;w&m;udk

tm;xkwfjcif;iSm ,lZemwpf&mrQavmufaom c&D;odkY oGm;í rsm;pGm

aom vlwdkY\ ae&mjzpfaom wpfckaom &GmBuD;odkY a&mufMuukef\/

xdk&GmBuD;ESihf reD;ra0;wGif ur®|mef;w&m;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&ef vGefpGm

oihfavsmfaomae&mXmejzpfay\/

xdkawmeufBuD;ü apmihfa&Smufxdef;odrf;í aeukefaom ewfwdkY

onf ]oDv&Sdukefaom t&SifjrwfwdkYonf þawmtkyfodkY <ua&mufawmf

rlvmMuukef\/ þawmtkyfü oDwif;oHk;ukefMuonf&Sdaomf? om;r,m;

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aom tqif;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? xuf0ufjywfaom udk,fudkvnf;aumif;?

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Mu\/

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rpGJr,lyJoGm;Muukef\/ þ,cktcgü vufeufudk udkifpGJí oGm;Muukef

avmh[krdefYawmfrlaomf? jrwfpGmbk&m;vufeuf[lonf tb,fbmenf;

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rSmxm;rdefYqdkawmfrlNyD; vTwfvdkufav\/

&[ef;wdkYvnf; bk&m;ausmif;awmfrS xGufcJhMuí c&D;tpOf

twdkif;tm;jzihf tqkdygawmtkyft&yfodkYa&mufMuí ausmi;ftyü

taygif;o&ZÑm,fjcif;udk jyKí o&ZÑm,fvsufuomvQif awmtkyfodkY

after each obtaining a subject of meditation from the Buddha,travelled to a place far away and came to a large forest grove, asuitable place for medittion.

The guardian spirits of the trees dwelling in that forestthought that if those bhikkhus were staying in the forest, it wouldnot be proper for them to live with their families in the trees.

So, they descended from the trees, thinking that thebhikkhus would stop there only for one night. But the bhikkhuswere still there at the end of a fortnight and it occurred to themthat the bhikkhys might be staying there till the end of the rainyseason.

They realised that if that was so they and their familieswould have to live on the ground for a long time.

So, they decided to frighten away the bhikkhus by mak-ing ghostly sounds and frightful visions. They showed up withbodies without heads, and with heads without bodies, etc.

The bhikkhus were very upset and left the place andreturned to the Buddha, and related everything to him. The Bud-dha told them that this had happened because previously theywent without any weapon and that they should go back therearmed with a suitable weapon.

So, saying, the Buddha taught them the entire Mettasutta, the discourse on Loving-Kindness, as their weapon.

The bhikkhus were instructed to radiate their loving-kindness to all beings that inhabit the earth while reciting theMetta Sutta. They should harbour no ill-will or fear towards anybeing.

Thus the bhikkhus returned to the forest grove and didexactly as they were told. The guardian spirits of the treesm, onreceiving loving-kindness from the bhikkhus, reciprocated byreadily welcoming and not harming them.

They willingly stayed on the ground and so much har-mony and peace was generated. There were no more ghostlysounds and ungainly sights. Thus left in peace, the bhikkhusmeditated on the body and came to lealise its fragile and imper-manent nature.

Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:Verse 40. Realizing that this body is (as fragile) as a jar, estab-lishing this mind (as firm) as a (fortified) city, he should attackMa-ra with the weapon of wisdom, He should guard his con-quest and be without attachment.

At the end of the discourse, the five hundred bhikkhusattained arahatship.

Nyain Chan Oo.

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aom tdk;pdrf;ESihfwlay\[k 0dyóemudk yGm;rsm;Muukef\/

pmrsufESm 26 odkY

26 umvra&G;? a'ora&G;? rSefaomopömonf tESpfom& oabm&Sd\/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURES

<uvmawmfrlygw,f/ udk&ifav; Owå&udk

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Nidrf;csrf;OD;

pmrsufESm 25 rS

27

umvtvdkuf? a'otvdkuf? rSefaomopömonf toGifoP²mefoabm&Sd\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

bdk;bGm;&ifrS yJhwifoH

e'DoQH ('óe)

- igtdkoGm;aomtcg ig[m t&ifu

ig r[kwfawmhbl;/ ighudk em;vnfay;yg/

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pum;awG jyefajymrdwJhtcg pum;rjzwfbJ

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tdyf&m0ifwdkif; wpfaxmihfwpfnyHkjyifawG?

ig;&mig;q,fedygwfawG? ZmwfBuD;q,fbGJUawG

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cJhwmawGudk owd&ay;yg/

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- t&ifwkef;u vlYb0wufvrf;

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28

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

qef}\ ordkif;0ifpum; &SdaomaMumihfyif

jzpfygonf/

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onf/

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rsm;onf pum;wpfcGef;udk xyfcgxyfcgajymjcif;?

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pmrsufESm 7 rS

29"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

&Sm;yg;ypönf;

pdk;0if;(acsmuf)

uRefawmfwd k Ybk d;bGm;vufxufu

aygaygrsm;rsm;&Sdaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYvuf

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ukd,fwkdif ezl;awGU 'l;awGUBuKHawGU&ouJhodkY ,aeY

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jyefrvmawmhyg/

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aMumif; od&onf/

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30"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

uRefrESihf "r®'dEém (3)

oufydkifNidrf;(½ku©aA')

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3/ 'k-o-e-aom udavomaZm

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32

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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01- 521032? 09 73035129? 09 73015851) wdkYokdY qufoG,far;jref;EkdifaMumif; owif; &&Sdygonf/

33

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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apmoZif (rEÅav;)

34"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

aewJhtcsdefrSm udk,fvkyfcJhwJh tukodkvf'kp½dkuf

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35"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

qufroGm;Edkif wJh tjzpfrsdK;ygyJwJh/ 'gqdk ol[m

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'gaMumifhyJ udk,favQmufaewJhvrf;aMumif;av;

aysmufroGm;zd k Ye J Y vrf;qH k;ra&mufao;bJ

a&mufNyDxifoGm;r,hf tEÅ&m,f eHygwf-4 u

vGwfapzkdY q&morm; awG ñTefMum;wJhtwkdif;

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qufvufazmfjyygrnf

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

jzwf Ekdif cJ onf

aZmfaemif

Ä vGefavNyD;cg jynfAm&m?

jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/

Ak'avmif;vsm xkdpOfu?

pkdufysKd;a&;orm;b0?

olYtrnfu uk'gvy@dw/

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ajrwl;ajrqG ajrukdjyif/

[if;&GufpkHvif pkdufysKd;a&;?

xkdtvkyfjzihf toufarG;/

Ä wpfaeYaomcg awG;rdyg?

onftwkdif;aeí tusKd;r&Sd&m/

&[ef;jyKygu aumif;avpG?

aumif;aomtBuH&/

Ä olukdifaeMu aygufwl;ukd?

wpfae&mwGif olxm;okd/

awmukd0ifí &[ef;jyK?

jrwfaom olYaumif;rI/

Ä &[ef;jyKxm;NyD; b0wGif?

aygufwl;ukdyJ rsufpdxJjrif/

oHa,mZOf olrjywf?

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vlvdkaevkduf &[ef;0wfvkduf?

aygufwl;av;ukd avmbwkduf/

Ä ckepfBudrfajrmuftcgürl?

aygufwl;ukdqGJ,l/

olYzmomol qEjyif;?

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Ä csufcsif;yifvQif xkdyk*¾Kdvf?

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xkdtoHudk bk&ifMum;

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ar;jref;pl;prf; Munfhavaomf/

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tuRefatmifonf ]udavom] wum;/

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tmayguokdPf; ½Iav&m/

vsifjrefpGm psmefcP?

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Ä xkdyk*¾Kdvfu rif;BuD;ukd?

aumif;uifxufrSm a[mjyqkd/

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rif;BuD; axmifem;pGihf/

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udavompdwf uG,faysmufum/

bk&m;tavmif; aemufvkdufum

awmNrKdifeef; jyKMuayhg &aoh&[ef;/

Ä Am&meef;&Sif awmokdY0if?

aemufvkdufAkdvfyg tukefac:iif/

igwkdYvQif þXme?

rnfodkYae&yhg/

Ä xkdodkYjrnfw nHpDa0?

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tm;vkH; pnf;vkH;nDnmrQ/

Ä wm0wd Homu jrausmufjzm?

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ewfrif; raeom/

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ac:ayhg 0dokBuKHewfom;/

Ä 0dokBuKHtm; tvkH;pkH?

ñTefMum;tzkHzkH/

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ae&mxkdifcif; tqifoihf?

ouFef;y&du©&m tqifoihf/

Ä OD;qkH;tm;jzihf ]]uk'gv}} vQif?

&[ef;abmifodkY t&if0if/

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&[ef;0wfapum ae&mcsxm;/

Ä þenf;tm;jzifh xyfa&mufvm?

ckepfjynfaxmif rif;wdkYyg/

,lZem okH;q,f&Sd?

&aoh&[ef;wdkY tjynhf/

Ä uk'gy@d &[ef;&Sif?

olYy&dowftm;vQif/

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ormywfukd &Mu/

Ä jA[®0d[m&udk yGm;ap&m?

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uG,fvGefaomtcg xkdolrsm;?

"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

37

jA[®mhjynfodkYvm;/

Ä &aohrsm;ukd ylaZmf&m?

tMuifolwdkYrSm/

aoaomtcg atmufodkYrouf?

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axGukd vkyf&aomfvnf; aumif;rGefaom tpm

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\/ xkdokdYjzihf &[ef;jyK\/ odkYaomf wpfvcGJ

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í ausmi f ;o d k Y jye fvmNy D ; tbd"r ®muk d

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jzpfNyD;bmajym&rSef;rod aMumifoGm;owJhuG,f/

,ckvnf;yJ t&Sifbk&m;xH oufxGef;taru

oufxGef;udk tysKdBuD;cE¨mudk,fvmtyfovdk

tusKd;&SdpGm toHk;cszdkY vmtyfwm rsKd;jzpfae

awmhwmudk;} [krdefYMum;vdkuf&m qGrf;0dkif;&SdoHCm

awmfrsm;rSm waomaom &,farmMuavawmh

onf/

cifolZmjrih f

pmrsufESm 31 rS

38"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r®rdwfaqG wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&/

'Dwpfcgawmh ta<u;&Sif;wrf;uav;

vkyfjycsifygw,f/ ta<u;qkdwm 'ku©wpfrsKd;yg/

bmta<u;rSraumif;yg/ ]]ta<u;wif&if

&Sifbk&ifqyf}} qkdwJh a&S;qkd½kd;pum;ukd Mum;zl;

Muayr,hf t"dyÜg,fudkawmh av;av;eufeuf

awG;rdMuvdrfhr,frxifyg/ ayghayhgae ayghayhgpm;

vlabmfaMumhawGu ta<u;,l&ef 0efrav;

wwfMuyg/ ]]ta<u;&r,fqkd&if qifukdawmif

oufaph0,fvSLvkdufcsifw,f}} vkdY a<u;aMumf

aeMuolawGygyJ/ trSefajym&&if ta<u;wifNyD

qkdwmeJY ta<u;auszkdY rvG,fulyg/ ta<u;ukd

ausatmifqyfEkdifzkd Y rvG,fawmhyg/ twkd;

t&if;aygif;um ta<u;ay:rSm ta<u;qihfNyD;

ta<u;oHo&mu rvGwfajrmufEkdifawmhvdkY

&Sifbk&ifqyfay;rS ta<u;ausr,fhtjzpfrkd Y

]]ta<u;wif &Sifbk&ifqyf}} qkdwJh pum;ay:

aygufvmcJhwmyg/

ta<u;(4)rsK d;

wl? wlrav;wdkYa&../

a&S;ynm&S dawG owfrSwfxm;wJ h

ta<u;(4)rsKd;&Sdygw,fuG,f/ bmawGvJqkd&if-

(1) Opöma<u;? (2) &efa<u;? (3) pum;

a<u;?(4) 0#fa<u;/

Opöma<u; qkdwm &Sif;ygw,f/ ypönf;

Opöm? aiGaMu; ta<u;wifwmayhg/

&efa<u; uvnf; r dbbk d ;bGm;

vufxufuwnf;u ('grSr[kwf) ,ck rdrd

b0vrf;c&D;rSm &efNiK d;&efp&S dc J hwJ htwGuf

tjyeftvSef uvJhpm;acsMuwJh Zmwfvrf;rsKd;

awGayhg/ pum;a<u; qkdwmuawmh ]]xDayguf

&if bm0,fay;r,f? tarG&&if b,fvkdvkyf

ay;r,f}} pojzihf ajymqkdcJhNyD; aemiftcg bmrS

rvkyfay;bJ pum;ta<u;wifwmyJ tzwfwif

wmrs K d ;ay h g / c sp fo lc si f ;uwdrwnfwJ h

tcspfa<u;vnf; tygt0ifyJav/ uwdysuf

wmvdkYvnf; ajymEkdifygw,f/

0#fa<u;qkdwmrsKd;uvnf; tifrwef

aMumufp&maumif;vSygw,f/ bk&m;a[m

Zmwfawmf? edygwfawmfawGxJrSmyg&SdwJhtjyif

rsufjrif'd|jrifawGUae&wJh tjzpftysufawG

vnf; trsm;BuD;ygyJaemf/ Oyrm- jrif;awG

ajcaxmufrSm oHcGmt½kdufcH&wm? EGm; pwJh

w d&p äme fawG oif ;uGy fc H&wmrs K d ;utp

0#fa<u;awGyJav/ ]]0#frSm tNrJ? i&JrSmty}}

ta<u;rsKd;jrih f(atmifvH)

vdk Yvnf; ajymwwfMuw,f/ ]]jyKoltopf?

jzpfolta[mif;}} vd k Yvnf; qk d½ k d ;pum;

&Sdygw,f/

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tifrwefvlodrsm;wJ h 0# fa <u;

taMumif;udk tus,fcsJUNyD;rajymcsifayr,hf

tvGef½kd;&Sif;w,fxif&wJh Opöma<u;taMumif;

om"uwpfck ajymjy&OD;r,f/ Opöma<u; wifwJh

txJrSm bk&m;a*gyuawG? bk&m;ypönf; xdef;

odrf;&wJh "r®m½kHvlBuD;? bk&m;b@mawmfxdef;

bk&m;vlBuD;awG owdjyKoihfwJh ]]bk&m;a<u;}}

wifvdk Y i&JusykHukd ajymjycsifygw,f/ 0w¦K

Zmwfvrf;uav;qkdygawmhuG,f/

wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&/

wpfcgu bk&m;vlBuD; OD;vSaomif

qkdwm &SdowJh/ wpfe,fvkH;u odMuwJhbk&m;

vlBuD;ayhguG,f/ OD;vSaomifuvnf; 0wfjzL

pifMu,f0wfNyD; wpfe,fvkH;ukd tvSLcHxGuf

ygw,f/ &orQudk bk&m;jyKjyifygw,f/ olY

twGufawmh oD;oefYvSLrS okH;pGJw,f/ bk&m;

jyifzkd Y tvSLcH&wJhtxJu wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS

rokH;pGJbl;qkdyJ/ tJ'Dvkd tvkyfeJYoufaojyEkdifvdkY

e,fole,fom;awGuvnf; OD;vSaomifudk

MunfnKdMuw,fuGJU/ vSLr,fholaygrsm;NyD;

apwem&SdMuwmaygh/ 'Da'orSmawmh OD;vSaomif

qkd&if bk&m;vlBuD;? olawmfpifBuD;vkdY uav;?

vlBuD; tm;vkH;odMuw,f/ aEG&moD&JUaeYwpfaeY

rSmawmh OD;vSaomif tjyif;txefzsm;NyD;

tylBuD;um owdvpfarharsmoGm;w,fwJh/

wpfem&Dcef Y Mumonftxd ar;r&? ac:r&

jzpfaew,fuGJU/ owdjyef&vmwJhtcg bkef;awmf

BuD;ukdyifhNyD; vuftkyfcsDum ]]bk&m;wynhfawmf

avQmufxm;yg&apbk&m;}} [k tpysKd;vsuf ol

owdvpfarharsmoGm;pOf awGUBuKHcJh&ykHukd tarm

waum avQmufxm;ygowJh/ ]]rajymeJY arm

r,f}} vdkY vlawG 0kdif;wm;Muayr,hf ]]aocsif

aoygap? avQmufxm;yg&ap}} qkdNyD; ZGwf

twif;ajymaewmrkd Y cGih f jyKvkduf&w,fuGJU/

olajymjywmu- ]]wynh fawmfuk d c keu

vlESpfa,muf vmac:oGm;ygw,fbk&m;/

uGif;jyifBuD;udk jzwf NyD;oGm;&w,f/ [dka&muf

awmh tkwfwHwkdif; tjrih f BuD;um&Hxm;wJh

ae&mjzpfw,f/ NcH0if; BuD;xJa&mufoGm;awmh

uGif;jyifrSm bkHjymom'feJY taqmufttkHBuD;awGU

&w,f/ txJrSm yv’if BuD;wpfck awGU&w,f/

yv’ifBuD;ay:rSmawmh vlcefYcefYBuD;wpfa,muf

xkdifaeNyD; vmac:ol ESpfa,mufu a&muf&Sd

aMumif;ajymawmh ]toif bk&m;vlBuD;rSm

a0,sm0pöukodkvfawG rsm;yg w,f/ 'gayr,hf

bk&m;vSLxm;wJ h aiGxJu ajr;rav;uk d

tusÐ0,fay;w,fr[kwfvm;/ tJ'gjyefNyD;

tpm;xk d ;v S Lyg/ olr sm;u bk&m;

jyKjyifzkdYvSLxm;wm armifrif;u ajr;rav;udk

tusÐqifwm b,faumif;rvJ vdkY ajymNyD; uJ-

'gyJ bk&m;vlBuD;ukd jyefydkYvkduf? tjyefrSm bk&m;

vlBuD;awGcH&wJhae&mudk jyvkdufMu} vdkY ac:vm

wJhvlESpfa,mufudk rdefYMum;vdkufygw,fbk&m;/

NyD;awmh- wynhfawmfukd ac:vmol

ESpfa,mufu qGJac:oGm;NyD; urf;rjrif&wJh

yifv,fBuD;ukdjyw,f/ yifv,fxJrSm a&awGu

taiGUwaxmif;axmif;eJY usKdufusKdufqlyGuf

aew,f/ rMumcifrSm 0wfjzLpifMu,feJY Akdufyl

eHum; vlBuD;awG a&mufvmNyD; ckefcsMuw,f/

yufvufBuD;awG arsmaeMuw,f/ AkdufBuD;awG

u azmif;<uaew,f/ aemuf rMumcifrSm

vSHBuD;awGukdifxm;wJh vleDeDBuD;awG a&mufvm

NyD; a&xJarsmaewJh AkdufylBuD;awGudk vSHeJYxkd;

Muw,f/ tJ'Dtcg AkdufylBuD;awGu ]trav;?

aemufukd bk&m;aiG rokH;awmhygbl;As} vdkY NyKdifwl

atmfMuygw,f}} [k bkef;BuD;ukd avQmufxm;

ygw,f/ "r®rdwfaqG wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&/

bke f ;awm f Bu D ;u bk&m;vl Bu D ;

OD;vSaomifukd ]]uJ- 'umBuD;? usef;rmatmif

aeNyD;awmh bk&m;a<u;jyefqyfvkdufaygh [kwf

vm;}} vdkY rdefYMum;awmfrlwJhtcg tdyf&mxJrSm

rdSef;aeowJh/ aemufaeYupNyD; OD;vSaomif

oufomvmygw,f/ oufomvmwmeJYtrQ

bk&m;BuD;udk jyKjyifwJhtjyif tvSLcH&&S dwJh

aiGaMu;udkvnf; pm&if;twdtusvkyfum

pm&if;&Sif;wrf;rsm; a0iSygw,f/ tJ'Dpm&if;

&Sif;wrf;xJrSm owdarhNyD; ajr;uav;ukd tusÐ

0,fay;rdcJhwJhtwGuf twdk;a&m t&if;yg bk&m;

BuD;aiG 300d - [k (bk&m;a<u;jyefqyfaiG) yg&Sd

NyD; aemufaemif bk&m;aiGukd ukd,fusKd;twGuf

ig;jym;wpfaphrS rokH;pGJrdatmif *½kjyKygrnf/

tu,fí okH;pGJrdyguvnf; usa&mufrnfh i&J

ukd &J&JBuD;cH,lygrnf[k uwdopömjyKaMumif;

azmfjyxm;ygowJhuG,f/ uJ- 'g[m ]]Opöma<u;}}

rSmyg0ifwJh bk&m;a<u;wif&if aMumufp&m

aumif;ykH om"uav;ygaemf/ ta<u;qkd&if

bmta<u;rS raumif;yg/ ta<u;uif;&Sif;ol

rsm; jzpfEkdifMuygapuG,f/

usrf;ukd;?

rif;bl; rsKd;oufatmif\ ]wrvGefc&D;odkY

aeYcsif;jyefoGm;olwdkY\ ukd,fawGUZmwfvrf;

rsm;} pmtkyf/

rsK d;jrih f(atmifvH)

39

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

MORAL AND ETHICS

vdIif MunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESih fvd Iif MunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESih f

vd Iif MunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESih fvd Iif MunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESih f

vd Iif MunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywdkufESih f

'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzef Ycs dxkwfa0vdkufNyD'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzef Ycs dxkwfa0vdkufNyD

'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzef Ycs dxkwfa0vdkufNyD'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzef Ycs dxkwfa0vdkufNyD

'D*spfw,fpmMunhfwdkufrS jzef Ycs dxkwfa0vdkufNyD

1/ "r®0D&\ "r®oHpOfrsm; - Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuúodkvfoQifoD&d

2/ jzwfoef;csdef ed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; - Nidrf;csrf;OD; 'kwd,tBudrf

3/ urÇmhvlom;rsm; udk;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESihf

0g't,ltqrsm; - wuúodkvfoQifoD&d

4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\

pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpkrsm; - Nidrf;csrf;OD;

5/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ aumufEkwfcsufpmpk - "r®y'Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf pdk;jrifhvwf

6/ oEÅdokcodkY avSum;ckepfoG,f - wuúodkvfoQifoD&d

7/ Ak',Ofaus;rI &wem - t&SifoDvmpm&-zm;uefY

8/ olawmfaumif;wdkY tvSLay;enf; - t&SifoDvmpm&-zm;uefY

9/ a*gyuESihf Ak'b@mawmf - wuúodkvfoQifoD&d

10/ edAÁmefwufvrf; - ref;wuúodkvfatmifjrihf0if;

11/ jyifytdyfrufwpfck - rdk;[def;-om;*sme,fausmf

12/ orda'g',q&mBuD;a':rmvm&D - t&SifeErmvmbd0Ho

13/ Ak'bmom0ifwdkY\ r[maus;Zl;&Sif t&SiftmeEm - jrifhodef;-armfuRef;

14/ yg&rDjynhfNyD ,aomf"&m - &SifÓP-zsmyHk

15/ a&mifpOfrwlaomfvnf; vrf;rSefjrifEkdifonf

"r®tvif;wef; pmpkrsm; - t&Sifpdwå'Dy? EG,f,if;rm? a&TxD;

Ak'bmomwpfOD;\usihf0wfodu©mqdkif&m udk,fusifhw&m; (6)Moral and Ethical Conduct of a Buddhist (6)

By. Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, JSM.,Ph.D, D.Litt.Translated into Myanmar by Dhamma V1

-ra Thandar Aung; International Therava-da Buddhist Missionary University, Yangon.

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MORAL AND ETHICS

This practical way of life has been murtured though the noble Teachings of Lord Buddha and through the tranquility of themind arising from purity of word, action and thought.

þvufawGUusaom b0vrf;pOfudk Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ jrihfjrwfaom oGefoifqHk;rMo0g'rsm;ESihf um,uH? 0pDuH?

raemuHpifMu,frIwdk YrSaygufzGm;vmaom pdwf\ Nidrf;csrf;rIwdk Y jzih f jyKpkysK d;axmifay;cJhayonf/

"r®0D&-oEÅmatmif(tjynfjynfqkdif&max&0g'wuúodkvf)

Relationship between a Layman and Monk

The relationship between a layman and a monk, who isa religious teacher or spiritual adviser, is more or less the same asthat existing in family-one of inter-dependence.

The layman depends on the monk for spiritual guidanceand advice and the monks who has devoted his whole life topreserving and teaching the Noble Doctrine, depends on thematerial support of the layman for his day-to-day sustenance.

A lay Buddhist who honours the Dhamma, is dutybound, to extend that honour and respect to the monk who in hisreligious leader and who is a member of the Sangha community.

The religious leader, in turn looks after the spiritual wellbeing of the layman and his family.

Such a relitionshikp is developed not through force orcompulsion, but through a spirit of common understanding andloving kindness.

This is a discipline and practical way of life which hassustained Buddhism for so many centuries.

This practical way of life has been nurtured throughthe noble Teachings of Lord Buddha and through the tranquilityof the mind arising from purity of word, action and though.

It should be sustained for many more centuries to come.Dhamma Vira ThandarAung. ITBM, University, Yangon

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twGuf vl'g,umwdkYudk cdkrSDtm;xm;&onf/

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