DEVELOPMENT PLANNING WORKSHOP IV

THEME:PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT

PRESENTER: OWUSU FRANCIS9075306

ASSIGNMENT: REVIEW OF CONCEPTS, TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY FOR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT

DECEMBER, 2009

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OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENTTo help students understand the concept of plan implementation management;To expose students to the rudimentary tools in plan implementation management; andTo help students compare and analyze plan implementation management among selected countries.

METHODOLOGYIntroductory lectureLiterature reviewTechnical report writing.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

TERMSDEFINITIONCOMMON FEATURESWORKING DEFINITIONPLANA physical document that incorporates the findings, or proposal resulting from a planning process. (Diana Conyers and Peter Hills, 1984).

Plans are meant to achieve a taskPlans are guidelines to attainment of taskMost plans are documented A plan is a document designed with procedures to achieve a goal or an objective

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DEFINITION OF TERMS ContdSource: Authors Construct, September 2009

TERMS DEFINITIONCOMMON FEATURESWORKING DEFINITIONIMPLEMENTATIONas a process of interaction between the setting of goals and actions geared to achieving them- Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) It serves as a link between goals and objectives.It requires the use of resources.It seeks to solve a problem Employing resources to put goals and objectives in reality to solve a problem.MANAGEMENTThe art of getting things done through people.-Mary F. Parker (1868-1933)It involves planning, organizing, controlling and directing activities.It is a day to day activity.It involves peopleA process of directing, organizing, coordinating and controlling the processes involved in the translation of goals and objectives in a plan.

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STAGES OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

STAGESMAIN ACTIVITIESTECHNIQUESPlan review1.Review the planning process2.Review content of the plan3.Incorporate new ideasProject Performance Matrix Plan adoptionStakeholder participation in AdoptionDeliberation, Open forum and Discussion Preparation of annual action plans1.Pervious implementation review2.Selection of priority projects.Rolling Plan Preparation of Annual BudgetIdentify all implementing projectsOutline the required resources for the project.Medium Term Expenditure Frame Work (MTEF)

Procurement Tendering, Bidding and Award contractsRequest for Proposal and Bid Evaluation Execution of projectCarry out the project and superviseGantt Chart , Time Activity Matrix and Site Meetings Monitoring and EvaluationMonitor performanceEvaluate impact on peopleLogical frameworkReplanningIncorporate Data and lessons into subsequent plansFeedback Mechanism

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Factors Affecting Plan ImplementationUnited Nations Centre for Regional Development(2000)Ineffective procedures for defining and preparing projects.Ineffective project execution, operation and supervision.Weak institutional capacity linkages and infrastructure.

Conyers and Hill(1984)The nature of the planning process; Organization of planning and implementation; Content of plans; and Management of the implementation process.

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Elements of managementSource: Authors Construct, September 2009

MAIN ELEMENTSKEY ACTIVITIESTECHNIQUESPlanning 1.Determining specific objectives and how to accomplish them1.Focused Group Discussion2. Stakeholder ConsultationOrganising1.Establishing the structure of the tasks to be performed to achieve the goals of the organisation

2.Delegating authority to carry out these jobs1. Time-activity Matrix2. Role casting3. Critical Path Analysis4. Time-Activity matrixCoordinating1.Harmonising the activities of individuals and groups within the organisation.2. Roles casting and ensuring optimum delivery by personnel1. Common room2. Role casting3. Time-Activity matrixControlling1.Regular monitoring exercises2. Carrying out evaluations and re-planning where necessary 1. Logical framework2. Fishbone analysis3. Set of performance matrixes on quantity, quality and cost

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MANAGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT PLANS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL EXPERIENCES FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTH EAST ASIA

PROFILE OF STUDY COUNTRIESSource: Authors Construct, September 2009

Country Capital TownLand AreaPopulationNominal GDPPer Capita IncomeType of GovtGhanaAccra239,460 sq km23 million$16.124 billion.$716DemocracyNigeriaAbuja923,768 sq.km151 million$130.86 billionUS$ 930 Federal MalaysiaKuala Lumpur329,749 sq km27.5 million$211.1 billion$7,355Federal democracy with a constitutional monarch.

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENTEXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

COUNTRYLEGAL FRAMEWORKDATABASE MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONMONITORINGEVALUATIONNigeriaThe constitution of the Federal republic of NigeriaA network within core organisations to provide development managers with informationThe development planning unit and other collaborating sector line agencies have the overall responsibility for financial management of planned programmes

The medium term expenditure frameworkBoth primary and secondary stakeholder s are actively involved in plan implementation

The provincial and traditional councils are involved both at the plan preparation stages and the plan implementation stages at the various federal state levels. Two forms of monitoring at the local level-Sectorial line agency-done by various line agencies of their programmes and projects.

Annual performance assessment.Full scale evaluation is taken at the start, middle, and end of the project

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PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENTEXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES Contd

COUNTRYLEGAL FRAMEWORKDATABASE MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONMONITORINGEVALUATIONMalaysiaThere is a constitution hence good governance.The use of five year plans which seeks to implement strategies and programmes.There is also long-term outline perspective plan.Cabinets decision in 1992 for economic planning unit to be responsible as a national focal pointWide use of information communication technologySetting up of IT Agenda

A major proportion of government revenue comes from taxes and in particular from the private sector. Public services and utilities are oriented towards recovering most operational costs to ensure implementation of priority programmes.Institution of PPBS and MBSThere is the establishment of a process to empower indigenous people and their communities to participate in projects which affect their lives.At every stage of the plan implementation management there is monitoring This is very constant at the programme or project implementation and management stages

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PLAN IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENTEXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES ContdSource: Authors Construct, September 2009

COUNTRYLEGAL FRAMEWORKDATABASE MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATIONMONITORINGEVALUATIONGhanaThe 1992 constitution of GhanaLocal Government Law (PNDC Law 207)The Local Government Act, Act 462The Civil Service Law, 1993The National Development Planning Systems Act, Act 480District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) Act, Act 455ICT is still not widely use .The use of files to store data and information are on a large scale.Public Financial Management Reform Programme (PUFMARP). It is a bold and comprehensive medium term strategic programme aimed at addressing the public financial management issues.The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF)The following Acts has promoted participation at the local level. The actors include: Civil Society, NGOs and communitiesLocal Government Law (PNDC Law 207)The Local Government Act, Act 462The National Development Planning Systems Act, Act 480

The DAs has been mandated to carry out monitoring of projects implemented under their areas of jurisdiction.Project Evaluation Monitoring Unit (PEMU) of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MoFEP) has been established to assist the ministry to improve upon it expenditure control and management.

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SUMMARY OF POTENTIALS, OPPORTUNITIES, CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES AMONGST THE STUDY COUNTRIESSource: Authors Construct, September 2009

COUNTRYPOTENTIALSOPPORTUNITIESCHALLENGESCONSTRIANTSNigeriaThere is a well resourced Ministry of Planning and National Development responsible for coordinating economic development planning at National and District levels.Available of funds from external sources to assist in plan implementationInadequate funds for projectsWeak institutional capacityChange in political powerGhanaExistence of NDPCExistence of development partners and donor agencies e.g. World Bank, DANIDAInadequate funds for research and development activities.Untimely release of funds.MalaysiaAvailability of institutions for database management.Existence of development partners Inadequate funds for development projectsUntimely release of funds

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Lessons for the Implementation of the Asante Akim DMTDPThere is the need for the development of an information management system (Use of ICT in Database management)There is the need for prudent financial managementPlan implementation requires institutional capacity buildingParticipation of all stakeholders is very crucial to plan implementation

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THANK YOU

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