determination of cold drinks

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    1.1

    1.2Determination of Contents of Cold Drinks

    Chemistry Project*

    -Determination of the Contents Of-

    -Cold Drinks-

    Project Prepared by

    MAULIK BORDA

    XII A

    Session: 2010 2011

    RAMKRISHNA HARIKRISHNA ACADEMY,SURAT

    Board Roll No.

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    *Certificate*

    This is hereby to certify that the original

    and genuine investigation work has beencarried out to investigate about the subject

    matter and the related data collection andinvestigation has been completed solely,sincerely and satisfactorily by MAULIK

    BORDA CLASS XII,RAMKRISHNA HARISHNAACADEMY, regarding his project titled

    DETERMINARION OF THE CONTENTS OF COLD DRINKS.

    Teachers Signature

    *Acknowledgement*

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    It would be my utmostpleasure to express my

    sincere thanks to mychemistry teacherB.R.SUDANI in providing ahelping hand in this project.

    His valuable guidance, support

    and supervision all through thisproject are responsible forattaining its present form. Iwould also like to thank my

    parents as they encouraged me

    to put forward my project.

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    *Contents*

    1. Introduction2. Theory3. Aim4. Apparatus5. Chemicals Required6. Detection of pH7. Test for Carbon Dioxide8. Test for Glucose9. Test for Phosphate10. Test for Alcohol

    11. Test for Sucrose12. Result13. Precautions14. Conclusion15. Bibliography

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    *Introduction*

    The era of cold drinks began in 1952 buttheIndustrialization in India marked its

    beginning withLaunching of Lima and Gold spotby parley group of companies. Since, thebeginning of cold drinks was highly

    profitable and luring, manymultinational companies launched their brandsin India like Pepsi and Coke.Now days, it isobserved in general that majority ofPeople

    viewed Sprite, Fantail and Lima to give Feelingof lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps UptoActivate pulse and brain.

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    *Theory*

    Cold drinks of different brands arecomposed of alcohol,

    Carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ionsetc. These soft

    drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness andhave a tangy taste

    which is liked 1`by everyone. Carbon dioxide isresponsible for the

    formation of froth on shaking the bottle.

    The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in waterto form carbonic acid which is also

    responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydratesare the naturally occurring organiccompounds and are major source of energy

    to our body. General formula of carbohydratesis CX (H2O)Y.

    On the basis of their molecule sizecarbohydrates are classified as:-

    Monosaccharide, Disaccharides andPolysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharidewith formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free Statein

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    the ripen grapes in bones and also in manysweet fruits. It is also present in human bloodto the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of

    the most useful disaccharides in our daily life.It is widely distributed in nature in juices,seeds and also in flowers of many plants. Themain source of sucrose is sugar cane juicewhich contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugarbeet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose isC12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of

    glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing innature whereas glucose is reducing. Colddrinks are a bit acidic in nature and theiracidity can be measured by finding their pHvalue. The pH values also depend upon theacidic contents such as citric acid and

    phosphoric acid.

    *Aim*

    Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis

    of different brands of Cold Drinks

    available in market.

    *Apparatus*

    Test Tubes Test Tube Holder Test Tube Stand

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    Stop Watch Beaker Bunsen Burner

    pH Paper Tripod Stand China Dish Wire Gauge Water Bath

    *Chemicals Required*

    Iodine Solution Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Lime Water Fehlings A & B Solution Concentrated Nitric Acid Benedict Solution Ammonium Molybdate

    *Detection Of pH*

    Experiment

    Small samples of cold drinks of different brandswere taken in a test tube and put on the pHpaper. The change in colour of pH paper was

    noticed and was compared with standard pHscale.

    Observation

    Sr. Name Of Colour pH Value

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    No. The Drink Change

    1 Coca Cola Pinkish 2 3

    2 Sprite Dark Orange3

    3 Lima LightOrange

    4

    5 Fantail Orange 3 4

    Inference

    Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of thepresence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pHvalues of cold drinks of different brand aredifferent due to the variation in amount ofacidic content.

    *Test For Carbon Dioxide*

    Experiment

    As soon as the bottles were opened, one byone the samples were passed through limewater. The lime water turned milky.

    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    TimeTaken

    Conclusion

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    (sec)

    1 Coca Cola 28 CO2 ISPRESENT

    2 Sprite 20 CO2 ISPRESENT

    3 Lima 38 CO2 ISPRESENT

    4 Fantail 36 CO2 ISPRESENT

    Inference

    All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbondioxide in water. The carbon

    dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to formcarbonic acid, which is responsible for its

    tangy taste.

    Chemical Reaction

    Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)

    *Test For Glucose*

    ExperimentGlucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presenceis detected by the following test:-

    1.Benedicts Reagent Test

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    Small samples of cold drinks of different brandswere taken in a test tube and a few drops ofBenedicts reagent were added. The test

    tube was heated for few seconds. Formation ofreddish color confirmed the presence ofglucose in cold drinks.

    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    Observation Conclusion

    1 Coca Cola Reddish ColourPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    2 Sprite Reddish ColourPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    3 Lima Reddish ColourPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    4 Fantail Reddish ColourPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    Inference

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    All the samples gave positive test for glucosewith Benedicts reagent. Hence all the drinkscontain glucose.

    2. Fehlings Solution Test

    Small samples of cold drinks of different brandswere taken in a test tube and a few drops ofFehlings A solution and Fehlings B solutionwas added in equal amount. The test tube washeated in water bath for 10 minutes.

    Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed thepresence of glucose in cold drinks.

    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    Observation Conclusion

    1 Coca Cola ReddishBrownPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    2 Sprite ReddishBrownPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    3 Lima ReddishBrownPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

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    4 Fantail ReddishBrownPrecipitate

    Glucose isPresent

    Inference

    All samples gave positive test for glucose withFehlings (A & B) solutions. Hence all the colddrinks contain glucose.

    *Test For Phosphate*

    Experiment

    Small samples of each brand of cold drinkswere taken in separate test tubes andAmmonium Molybdate followed by

    concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added toit. The solution was heated. Appearance of

    canary-yellow precipitate confirmed thepresence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    Observation Conclusion

    1 Coca Cola CanaryYellowPrecipitate

    Phosphate isPresent

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    2 Sprite CanaryYellowPrecipitate

    Phosphate isPresent

    3 Limca CanaryYellowPrecipitate

    Phosphate isPresent

    4 Fanta CanaryYellowPrecipitate

    Phosphate isPresent

    Inference

    All the soft drinks samples gave positive testfor phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinkscontain phosphate.

    *Test For Alcohol*

    Experiment

    Small samples of each brand of cold drinkswere taken in separate test tubes andIodine followed by Potassium Iodide and

    Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was addedto each test tube. Then the test tubes wereheated in hot water bath for 30 minutes.

    Appearance of yellow coloured precipitateconfirmed the presence of alcohol in colddrinks.

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    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    Observation Conclusion

    1 Coca Cola YellowPrecipitate

    Alcohol isPresent

    2 Sprite YellowPrecipitate

    Alcohol isPresent

    3 Lima YellowPrecipitate

    Alcohol isPresent

    4 Fantail YellowPrecipitate

    Alcohol isPresent

    Inference

    All the cold drinks samples gave positive test

    for alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks containalcohol.

    Chemical Reaction

    CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa+ 5NaI + 5H2O

    *Test for Sucrose*

    Experiment

    5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinkswere taken in separate china dishes and were

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    heated very strongly until changes occur. Blackcoloured residue left confirmed the presence ofsucrose in cold drinks.

    Observation

    Sr.No.

    Name OfThe Drink

    Observation Conclusion

    1 Coca Cola BlackResidue

    Sucrose isPresent

    2 Sprite BlackResidue

    Sucrose isPresent

    3 Lima BlackResidue

    Sucrose isPresent

    4 Fantail Black

    Residue

    Sucrose is

    Present

    Inference

    All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.But amount of sucrose varies in each brand ofdrink. Fantail contains highest amount ofsucrose.

    *Result*

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    After conducting several tests, it wasconcluded that the different brands of colddrinks namely:

    1. Coca Cola2. Sprite

    3. Lima

    4. Fantail

    All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose,phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks

    are acidic in nature. On comparing the pHvalue of different brands Coca Cola is the mostacidic and Lima is least acidic of all the fourbrands taken.

    Among the four samples of cold drinks taken,Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolvedcarbon dioxide and Fantail has the minimum

    amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

    *Precautions*

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    Some of the precautions which need to betaken care of are

    1 Concentrated solutions should be handled with

    immense care.2. Hands should be washed thoroughly afterperforming each experiment.

    3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves toprevent from any possible damage.

    4. If chemicals come into contact with your

    skin or eyes, flush immediately with copiousamounts of water.

    5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn themoff whenever you leave your workstation.

    6. Never point a test tube or any vessel thatyou are heating at yourself or your neighbour.

    *Conclusion*

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    DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

    1. Soft drinks are little more harmful thansugar solution. As

    they contain sugar in large amount whichcause problems in

    diabetes patients.

    2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as theyinterfere with the

    bodys natural ability to suppress hunger

    feeling.

    3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve thecalcium so they are

    also harmful for our bones.

    4. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid whichhas a pH of 2.8.

    So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.

    5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup thecommercial truck

    must use the hazardous matter place cardsreserved for

    highly consive material.

    6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove bloodso they are very

    harmful to our body.

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    USES OF COLD DRINKS

    1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

    2. They can remove rust spots from chrome carhumpers.

    3. They clean corrosion from car batteryterminals.

    4. Soft drinks are used as an excellentdetergent to remove

    grease from clothes.

    5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

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    *Bibliography*

    Following books and websites were a source formy project .

    Comprehensive Chemistry Lab Manual

    - Dr. N. K. Verma

    www. Google.comwww.Wikipedia.com

    www. Icbse.com

    www. Unoregon.edu