Describing Consonants

• Aspects of Articulation

• Voicing

• Place of articulation

• Manner of articulation

Manner of Articulation

• Stop [t]

• Fricative [ʃ]

• Affricate [ʧ]

• Nasal [n]

• Liquid [ɹ]

• Glide [j]

• Flap [ſ]

Voicing

• What is happening at the LARYNX?

– Vocal folds spread apart = voiceless– Close together and vibrating = voiced

Front

Vocal folds Glottis

Back

voiced voiceless

Voiced Voiceless

• [p][b]

• [ɵ][ð]

• [k][g]

• [s][z]

Place of Articulation

• Bilabial

• [p] (pit, tip, spit)

• [b] (ball, globe, amble)

• [m] (moose, lamb, ample)

• [w] (with, mow, queen)

• [w5 ] (which, what, where, why)

Labiodental

• [f] (foot, laugh, coffee)

• [v] (vest, dove, gravel)

• Interdental• [ɵ] (through, teeth, ether)

• [ð] (their, mother, either)

Alveolar

• [t] (tag, stick, backed)• [d] (dip, card, loved)• [s] (soap, cats, descent)• [z] (zip, roads, Xerox)• [n] (know, snow, winter)• [l] (leaf, feel, alight)• [ɹ] (rabbit, here, around)• [ſ] (butter, madder, matter)

Palatal

• [ʃ] (shy, mission, ash)

• [ʒ] (measure, vision)

• [ʧ] (choke, match, feature)

• [ʤ] (joke, region, judge)

• [j] (you, feud, beautiful)

Velar

• [k] (character, exceed, pack)

• [g] (guard, longer, dig)

• [ŋ] (lung, finger, think)

• Glottal• [ʔ] (uh-oh, hatrack, Batman)

• [h] (who, hat, whole)

Natural Class

• Nasal consonants• [m, n, ŋ]• Affricates• [ʧ, ʤ]• Voiceless Stops• [p, t, k, ʔ]• Voiced Stops• [b, d, g, m, n, ŋ]

Natural Class

• Front Vowels• [i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ]• Central Vowels• [ə, ʌ]• Back Vowels• [u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ]• Tense Vowels• [i, u, o, e]