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≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ !ü«˛yÎ˚ !v˛ˆÏ≤’yõy S!v˛. ~ú. ~v‰˛V (DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION) (D.El.Ed) ˆÑ˛y¢ÙÈ 506 xhs˘˛¶% ˛!=˛Ó˚ ˛ô›˛¶) ˛!õˆÏ ì˛ !üü% ˆÏ Ñ˛ ˆÓyG˛y Ó œ Ñ˛ È ÙÈ 1 !üü% Ó˚ Ó, !Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ Ó˚yT˛…#Î˚ õ%=˛ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚# !ü«˛y ¢ÇfiÌyò A-24/25 ≤Ã!ì˛¤˛y!òÑ˛ ~úyÑ˛yñ ˆ¢Ñ˛›˛Ó˚ÈÙÈ 62, òÎ˚v˛y ˆÜÔì˛õ Ó%Âï òÜÓ˚ñ £zv˛z !˛ôÈÙ È 201309 ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ ı www.nios.ac.in !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ ı 1800 180 9393 £zÈÙȈõú ı [email protected]

D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

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Page 1: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ !ü«˛yÎ˚ !v˛ Ï≤’yõyS!v˛. ~ú. ~v‰˛V

(DIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION)

(D.El.Ed)

ˆÑ˛y¢≈ ÙÈ 506

xhs˘ ¶≈% !=˛Ó ˛ô›˛¶) !õ Ïì˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 1!üü%Ó Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛

Ó˚yT …#Î˚ õ%=˛ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚# !ü«˛y ¢ÇfiÌyòA-24/25 ≤Ã!ì˛¤˛y!òÑ˛ ~úyÑ˛yñ ˆ¢Ñ˛›˛Ó˚ÈÙÈ62, òÎ˚v˛y

ˆÜÔì˛õ Ó%Âï òÜÓ˚ñ £zv˛z !˛ôÈÙÈ201309

Á ÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ ı www.nios.ac.in

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ ı 1800 180 9393

£zÈÙȈõú ı [email protected]

Page 2: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆÑ˛y¢≈ - 506 ÚÚxhs˘˛¶%≈ !=˛Ó˚ ô›˛¶) !õ Ïì˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ÓyG˛yÛÛ˛ôy‡˛ƒÑ  ÏõÓ ïyÓíyÓ !â˛e˛ô›˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 1 ı

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ÓyG˛y

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 1 ı ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 2 ı

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 3 ı

Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚!òï≈yÓí

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 4 ı

!â˛hs˘˛yü!=˛Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yü

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 7 ı

xhs˘ ¶%≈ !=˛õ)úÑ˛!ü«˛yÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íy

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 8 ı

!Ó Ïü°Ï â˛y!£îy¢¡ôߨ !üü%

¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ïyÓ˚íy

xhs˘ ¶%≈ !=˛Ó˛ô›˛¶) !õ Ïì˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛

ˆÓyG˛y

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 2 ı

!üü% ÏîÓ Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ!ÓÑ˛yü

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 5 ı

xyd!ÓÑ˛yü

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 6 ı

!üü%Ó ¢,ãòü#úì˛yÓ!ÓÑ˛yü

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 3 ı

xhs˘ ¶%≈% !=˛õ)úÑ˛!ü«˛y

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 9 ı

!Ó Ïü°Ï â˛y!£îy¢¡ôß !üü%Ó

!ü«˛y

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 10 ı

@˘Ã£í«˛õì˛yÓ !ÓÑ˛yüñ¢£yÎÑ˛ñ v zôyîyòñ!Ó Ïü°Ï !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 4 ı

ˆõ ÏÎ !üü% ~ÓÇ !üü%Ó x!ïÑ˛yÓ

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 11 ı

!ü«˛yÎ !úAÜ¢õ¢ƒy

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 12 ı

ˆõ ÏÎ !üü% ÏÑ˛ü!=˛≤Ãîyò

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 13 ı

!üü%Ó x!ïÑ˛yÓ~ÓÇ xy£zò

myÓy x!ïÑ˛yÓõO$Ó˚

j k

jk jk

n n

h

n n

h

h

jk

j

k

Page 3: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ÓœÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛Ó òyõ ≤Ã!ì˛˛ôyîƒ !Ó°Ï ÏÎÓ ¢õÎ Sár›˛yV ÓƒÓ£y!ÓÑ˛ ˛ôy‡˛

!Ó°ÏÎ Ñ˛õ≈¢)!â˛

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ1 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ1 !üü% ÏÑ˛ ÓyG˛y 6 3 xy˛ôòyÓ !Óîƒyú ÏÎÓ

!üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !üü% ÏîÓ˚ Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ

!ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ≤ö˛yÓÑ˛ ¢õ) Ï£Ó

¢òy=˛Ñ˛Óí ˛~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ2 ÓǢü˘Ü!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ô!Ó ÏÓÏü 6 3 xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ˆ◊!íÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚

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≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó%ò

Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ~Ó˚ !òï≈yÓ˚í

8 xy˛ôòyÑ˛ ◊!íÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ

Óƒ!=˛ˆ ÏcÓ˚ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒyÓú#ñ

˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ¢õ)£ !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó%í

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ3 4

!â hs˘ yü!=˛Ó !ÓÑ˛yü 8 xy˛ôòyÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ ≤ß¿

Ñ˛ÓyÓ î«˛ì˛yÓ !ÓÑ˛yü ᛲy ÏòyÓ

ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ ˛ôîˆÏ«˛˛ô

¢õ) Ï£Ó ¢òy=˛Ñ˛Óí

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ4 4

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ2

!üü%ˆÏîÓ˚

Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚

!ÓÑ˛yü

xyd!ÓÑ˛yü 10 xyd!ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ ◊!íÑ˛ Ï«˛Ó

˛ô!Ó!fiÌ!ì˛ !òï≈yÓí~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ5 5

!üü%Ó ¢,ãòü#úì˛yÓ!ÓÑ˛yü

9 !ü«˛Ñ˛ !£ Ï¢ ÏÓ xy˛ôòyÓ ◊!í Ïì˛

¢,ãòü#úì˛y ÏÑ˛ î,ë˛ Ñ˛ÓyÓ ãòƒ

˛ô!Ó!fiÌ!ì˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ6 7

xhs˘˛¶%≈˛!=˛õ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛yÓ˚

ïyÓ˚íy6~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ7 3

7~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ8 4

!ÓˆÏü°Ï â˛y!£îy ¢¡ôߨ !üü%Ó˚!ü«˛y

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ9

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ3

˛xhs˘ ¶%≈ !=˛õ)úÑ˛

!ü«˛y

@˘Ã£í«˛õì˛yÓ !ÓÑ˛yüñ ¢£yÎÑ˛ñv z ôyîyòñ !Ó Ïü°Ï !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y

9~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ10 3

xy˛ôòyÓ !Óîƒyú ÏÎ xhs˘ ¶%≈ !=˛õ)úÑ˛

!ü«˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# ≤ö˛yÓ¢õ)ˆÏ£Ó˚

ì˛y!úÑ˛y ≤Ãhfl% ì˛Ñ˛Óí

!ÓˆÏü°Ï â˛y!£îy ¢¡ôߨ

!üü%Ó˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ïyÓ˚íyxy˛ôòyÓ !Óîƒyú ÏÎ !Ó Ïü°Ï â˛y!£îy

¢¡ôߨ !üü%Ó˚ !üÖò v˛z˛ôˆÏÎyÜ#

v z ôyîy ÏòÓ ¢òy=˛Ñ˛Óí

9 6Ü,£!¶˛!_Ñ˛ !ü«˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#

˛ô!ÓÑ˛“òyÓ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛Ñ˛Óí

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy!Ó Ïü°Ï x«˛õì˛yÎ%=˛ !üü%Ó !Ó Ïü°Ï!â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y !Ó°ÏÎÑ˛ xy Ïúyâ˛òy ¢¶˛y

Page 4: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ÓœÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛Ó òyõ ≤Ã!ì˛˛ôyîƒ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢õÎ˚ Sár›˛yV ÓƒÓ£y!ÓÑ˛ ˛ôy‡˛

!Ó°ÏÎ Ñ˛õ≈¢)!â˛

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ4 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ11 !ü«˛yÎ !úAÜ ¢õ¢ƒy 9 6 !úAÜ Ó°Ïõƒ ¢õ¢ƒyÎ

xy˛ôòyÓ ã#Óò Ïüú#Ó !ÓÑ˛y Ïü

xy˛ôòyÓ ¶) !õÑ˛y !òï≈yÓí

˛~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ12 ˆõ ÏÎ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ü!=˛≤Ãîyò

9 6 xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ ˆõˆÏÎ˚ˆÏîÓ˚

ã#Óò Ïüú#Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛y Ïü xy˛ôòyÓ˚

¶) !õÑ˛y !òï≈yÓí

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!üü% x!ïÑ˛yÓ !ò ÏÎ !£Çfl Àì˛y~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ13 6

!ü«˛Ñ˛ì˛y 15

¢Ó≈ Ïõy›˛ 120 + 60 + 60 = 240 ár›˛y

120 60 60

ˆõˆÏÎ˚ !üü% ~ÓÇ

!üü%Ó x!ïÑ˛yÓ

Page 5: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ÓœÑ˛ È ÙÈ 1

!üü%Ó Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛

ÓœÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛¢õ)£ (Block Units)

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È1 !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È2 ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

Page 6: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ÓœÑ˛ ¢)â˛òy ı

~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈# !£¢y ÏÓ xy˛ô!ò ˆÑ˛y¢≈ 506 ı xhs˘˛¶)˛≈!=˛Ó˚ ˛ô›˛¶)˛!õˆÏì˛ !üü%ˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y ˛ôv˛¸ˆÏÓò– ~£z ˆÑ˛y¢≈!›˛

â˛yÓ˚!›˛ ÓœˆÏÑ˛ !Ó¶˛=˛– ~£z ˆÑ˛y¢≈!›˛ xy˛ôòyˆÏÑ˛ !üü%Ó˚ ≤ÃÑ,˛!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y ˆîˆÏÓ ÎyˆÏì˛

xy˛ô!ò !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛!›˛ xyÓ˚Á ˆÓü# Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò– xy˛ô!ò !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ

Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ~ÓÇ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ Órï%c˛ô)í≈ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢,!T˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢«˛õ £ˆÏÓò– xy˛ô!ò !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ x!ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó˚«˛yÓ˚

~ÓÇ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ xyÖƒy!Î˚ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò– ~£z xyˆÏúyâ˛òy xy˛ôòyˆÏÑ˛ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚

¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ˛ô›˛¶) !õÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ xyÓ˚Á ˆÓü# ¢Ç ÏÓîòü#ú ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ–

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 1 ı !üü%Ó Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛

~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈# !£¢y ÏÓ xy˛ô!ò ÓœÑ˛ 1: !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ˛ôv˛¸ˆÏÓò– ~£z ÓœÑ˛!›˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

~ÓÇ ˛ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ~£z î%!›˛ ~Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ !Ó¶˛=˛– ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ !Ó¶˛yÜ ~ÓÇ v z ô!Ó¶˛yˆÏÜ !Ó¶˛=˛–

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 1 ı !üü% ÏÑ˛ ÓyG˛y

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ôv˛yÓ ˛ôÓ xy˛ô!ò Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ xÌ≈ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ò#!ì˛ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛

˛ôyÓ ÏÓò– Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ îyÎ# !Ó!¶˛ß v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ xy˛ô!ò ì˛y!úÑ˛y¶% =˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò– xy˛ô!ò

Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ !Ó!¶˛ß ïy˛ôÜ%!ú xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ¶) !õÑ˛y ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò–

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 2 ı ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ô!Ó ÏÓü

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛ xy˛ôòy ÏÑ˛ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ xÌ≈ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó ÏÓ– xy˛ô!ò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó Îy!s fÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ¢«˛õ £ ÏÓò– xy˛ô!ò ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ¢ ÏAÜ Î%=˛ !Ó!¶˛ß v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ì˛y!úÑ˛y¶% =˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ôyÓ ÏÓò–

xy˛ô!ò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ¢¡ô!Ñ≈ ì˛ ¶) !õÑ˛y ãyò Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ !ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ¢«˛õ

£ˆÏÓò–

Page 7: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

!Ó°Ï΢)â˛#

Ñ  !õÑ˛ ¢ÇÖƒy ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛Ó òyõ ˛ô,¤˛y ¢ÇÖƒy

1 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ1 ı !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y 1

2 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ2 ı ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü 30

Page 8: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

1506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

Page 9: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

2 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÈÈÙÙÙÈ1 ı !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛yÑ˛y‡˛y Ïõy

1.0 – ¢)â˛òy

1.1 – !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ

1.2 – ˛˛Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ

1.3 – Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£

1.4 – Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ¢¡ôÑ≈

1.5 – Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ≤ö˛yÓ !Óhfl ÏyÓÑ˛yÓ# v z ôyîyò¢õ)£

1.6 – ˛Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ˛ôÎ≈yÎ

1.6.1 – ˛v z Ïß√°ÏÑ˛yú ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˜üüÓÑ˛yú ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ Ó,!ÂïÓ ˛ôÎ≈yÎ Á ì˛yÓ xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ xÌ≈

1.6.2 – ˛!ü«˛í Á !üÖò ≤Ã!ÓÎyÎ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ hfl ÏÓ¢õ) Ï£Ó ≤ö˛yÓ–

1.7 – !üü%Ó Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ¶) !õÑ˛y

1.8 – ˛xy¢%ò xyõÓy ¢Ç!«˛Æ Ñ˛!Ó

1.9 – ˛xy˛ôòyÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛ÓyÓ v z_Ó

1.10 – ˛¢% ôy!Ó˚üÑ, ì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ Á v zÍ¢ (Suggested Readings and References)

1.11 – ˛~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ xò%ü#úò#

1.0 ¢)â˛òy :

~Ñ˛õye !üü%Ó Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ K˛yò !î ÏÎ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ˛ô Ï«˛ ¢Ω˛Ó £Î !üü%Ó ÎÌyÌ≈ ˆÓyÜ !òí≈Î

Á ì˛y ÏÑ˛ !ò Ïî≈üòy ˆîÁÎy Îy !î ÏÎ ˆ¢ òyÜ!ÓÑ˛ !£¢y ÏÓ Óv˛ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ x!ïÑ˛yÓ

Á Ñ˛ì≈ Óƒ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ– ~›˛y Óúy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ˆÎ !üü%Ó ã Ïß√Ó ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ ÏAÜ ì˛yÓ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

ì˛y ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛– ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ≤ö˛yÓ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ ˆÎ Ï£ì% !üü%Ó ¢yõ ÏÌ≈Ó ˛ô!Óíõò

£Î– õyò% Ï°ÏÓ Ó,!ÂïÓ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛ Á õyò% Ï°ÏÓ Ó,!ÂïÓ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ˛ô%Cyò% ô%C v z ôú!kï

xÓüƒ£z ÌyÑ˛y ~ÓÇ !ü«˛íõ)úÑ˛ ≤à Ïâ˛T˛y ¢!Ñ  Î ÌyÑ˛y v z!â˛ì˛– ~›˛y fl˛ôT˛ ˆÎ !ü«˛yÓ ~£z v z Ïjüƒ

˛ô)Óí Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ñ ܶ≈ yÓfiÌy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˆÎÔÓòÑ˛yú ~ÓÇ Ó,Âï Ó΢ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ õyò!ÓÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ xÌ≈ Á

¢%fl˛ôT˛ ≤ÃÜyë˛ K˛yò Á v z ôú!kï !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ÌyÑ˛y v z!â˛ì˛– !üü%Ó ˛ôÓÓì≈ # ã#ÓòÈÙÈ!ÓÑ˛yü ˆÓyG˛yÓ

Page 10: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

3506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

ãòƒ !üü%Ó ã#Ó ÏòÓ Á Ó,!ÂïÓ ≤ÃÌõ Ñ˛ ÏÎÑ˛ ÓäÈÓ ¢Ó≈y Ï ô«˛y Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈– ˆÎ Ï£ì% xyõÓy ~£z

~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ ˆîÖ ÏÓy ˆÎñ ܶ≈ yÓfiÌy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ õ,ì% ƒ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ Ó,!Âï ~Ñ˛›˛y !òÓÓ!FäÈß ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy– ¢%ì˛ÓyÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛

xÓüƒ£z Ó%G˛ ÏÓò ˆÎ !üü%Ó Ó,!ÂïÓ ˆÑ˛yò !Ó®% Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃÌyÜì˛ Á x≤ÃÌyÜì˛ ˛ô!Ó!fiÌ!ì˛ Á

ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ !Ñ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ Ïì˛ !üü%Ó ˛ô!Óíõ Ïí ˆ˛ô§ÔäÈy Ïì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó ÏÓ– !Ó!¶˛ß xyÌ≈ÈÙÈ¢yõy!ãÑ˛

Á ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xyÜì˛ !üü% Îy ÏîÓ !Ó!¶˛ß ÓÎ Ï¢Ó hfl Ï ÏÓ ì˛y ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛

Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ !Óîƒõyò ˆ¢£z¢Ó !üü% ÏîÓ ¢ ÏAÜ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £Î ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛– ~£z

~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛Á Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ò#!ì˛¢õ) Ï£Ó ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ˆÓyï Á ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ ˆÎÜ%!ú !üü%Ó !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ

¢õß∫ ÏÎÓ ãòƒ !Ó!¶˛ß Ó΢ hfl Ï ÏÓÓ !ÓÑ˛yüõ)úÑ˛ õyeyÓ v zqÓ £ÎÈÙÙÙÈì˛y ¢ÓÓy£ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ

¢ˆÏAÜ áyì˛ÈÙÈ≤Ã!ì˛áyˆÏì˛Ó˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈߨ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òü#ú xyâ˛Ó˚íïyÓ˚yñ ¶˛yÓ#

!ü«˛Ñ˛ Ó% ÏG˛ ÌyÑ˛ ÏÓò–

1.1 !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˛ôy χ˛Ó ˛ôÓ xy˛ô!ò ¢õÌ≈ £ ÏÓò ı

● Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛

● Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ò#!ì˛Ü%!ú ì˛y!úÑ˛y¶% =˛ Á Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛

● Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ¢¡ôÑ≈ fiÌy˛ôò Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛

● Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ îyÎ# v z ôyîyòÜ%!ú ì˛y!úÑ˛y¶% =˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛

● !Ó!¶˛ß hfl Ï ÏÓÓ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !üü%Ó üyÓ#!ÓÑ˛ñ õyò!¢Ñ˛ñ ≤Ãy«˛!¶˛Ñ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛

˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ üòy=˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛–

● !üü%Ó Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ¶) !õÑ˛y ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛–

1.2 Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ

˛ô!Ó˚íõò Á x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ÎÖò õyò%ˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ !òÎ˚!õì˛ Á Ñ  ˆÏõyß¨ì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚ ì˛Öò !ÓÑ˛yü

áˆÏ›˛ñ xyÓ˚ Ó,!Âï ÓúˆÏì˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ˚ Ñ˛y‡˛yˆÏõyÜì˛ Á üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òˆÏÑ˛– !ÓÑ˛yü Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ

¢¡ôÑ≈˛Î%=˛ñ ˆÎõò ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÜì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ ö˛ˆÏú Ó,!ÂïˆÏì˛ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ xyâ˛Ó˚íïyÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚–

ì˛y£z !ÓÑ˛yü ~Ñ˛!›˛ x!ïÑ˛ì˛Ó˚ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ ü∑ ÎyˆÏì˛ xyˆÏäÈ xòƒ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ xÇü ÎyˆÏÑ˛ Óúy £Î˚

Ú˛ô!Ó˚íõòÛ– Ó,!Âï ~Ñ˛!›˛ x!ÓÓ˚ì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Îy Áãòñ v˛zFâ˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ xyÑ˛yÓ˚ !îˆÏÎ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ôˆÏÎy܃–

Î!îÁ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £Î˚ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ !Ó!òõÎ˚ˆÏÎy܃ !£¢yˆÏÓ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òˆÏÑ˛ !â˛!£´ì˛

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛– ~£z î%!›˛ ü∑ ˛ô!Ó˚flÒyÓ˚¶˛yˆÏÓ xÓüƒ£z ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £v˛zÑ˛ÈÙÙÙÈ!òˆÏ¡¨ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú ı

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ˆòy›˛

4 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

Ñ  !õÑ˛ Ó,!Âï !ÓÑ˛yü

1. xyÑ˛yˆÏÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Sv zFâ˛ì˛yñ Áãò Á ˜îá≈ƒV xyÑ, !ì˛ Á ܇˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Îy Ñ˛yˆÏã

Îy ˛ô!Ó˚õyíÜì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò xyˆÏò ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ Óy â˛!Ó˚ˆÏe ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò xyˆÏò ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü

ÓˆÏú Ó,!Âï– ÓˆÏú–

2. Ó,!Âï ˜î!£Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ˚– !ÓÑ˛yü ÓúˆÏì˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò

¢£ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈ ò–

3. !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y xÇü £ú Ó,!Âï– !ÓÑ˛yü ¢õ@˘Ã ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈ ò ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ˚–

4. ˛ô!Ó˚íõ Ïò Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ¢õy!Æ– !ÓÑ˛yü ã#ÓòÑ˛yú ÓƒyÆ–

5. üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Óy Ó,!Âï £ú Ü%íÜì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Óy !ÓÑ˛yü ¢¡ô)í≈Ó) Ï˛ô

˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ÏÎy܃ Á ˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ô ÏÎy܃– ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ÏÎy܃ Á ˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ô ÏÎy܃ òÎ˚–

6. Ó,!Âï !ÓÑ˛yü xyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ xÌÓy !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ xAÜÈÙÈ

òyÁ xyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ≤Ãì˛ƒˆÏAÜÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏõ≈Ó˚ v˛zߨ!ì˛ á›˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚˘˛

!Ñ˛hs% !ÓÑ˛yü ÓúˆÏì˛ Ó,!ÂïˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ˚ òy–

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ xAÜÈÙÈ≤Ãì˛ƒˆÏAÜÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÈÙÈ«˛õì˛yÓ˚ v˛zߨÎ˚ò áˆÏ›˛ !Ñ˛hs%˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ xÌ≈

Ó,!Âï òÎ˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ1Ó,!Âï !Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xyúyîy⁄ Î!î £Î˚ñ ì˛y£ Ïú ˆÑ˛õò¶˛y ÏÓ⁄ 50!›˛ ü Ï∑ !úÖ%ò–

1.3 Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ò#!ì˛

Ó,!Âï £ú ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢!Ñ  Î Ü!ì˛ü#ú ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy Îy x!ÓÓì˛ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ÏòÓ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢¡ô!Ñ≈ ì˛– !üü% ÏîÓ

õ Ïïƒ ˆÎ Óì≈ õyò x!¶˛K˛ì˛y xy ÏäÈ ì˛y ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈ # x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛ Á Ü!ì˛˛ôÌ !fiÌÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ !üü% £ú ~Ñ˛ãò Óyv˛hs˘˛ ¢_y– xÌ≈yÍ ˆÎ Îì˛ Óy Ïv˛ ì˛ì˛ v zFâ˛ì˛y Á Áãò ì˛yÓ Óy Ïv˛–

ì˛yÓÁ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ Ü!ì˛ñ v z ôú!kïñ ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ !òÎs fíñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢õß∫Îñ ¶˛y°Ïy¢õ)£ Á õ Ïòy!ÓîƒyÜì˛

Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ~Ó) ô xòƒyòƒ !Ó°Ï΢õ)£– Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ òÎ!›˛ ò#!ì˛ xyõÓy !ò Ï¡ !îúyõ

ˆÎÜ%!ú xy˛ô!ò !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓò ~ÓÇ ˆîÖ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓò ˆÎ ~Ü%!ú xy˛ôòyÓ â˛y!Ó!î ÏÑ˛Ó

!üü% ÏîÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤à ÏÎyム!Ñ˛òy–

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ˆòy›˛

5506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

1. !ÓÑ˛yü ~Ñ˛!›˛ ïyÓ˚y ˆõ Ïò ⲠÏúÈÙÙÙÈÓƒ!=˛Ó˚ ãß√˛ô)Ó≈ Á ãß√ ˛ô)Ó≈Óì≈˛# !ÓÑ˛yü ~Ñ˛!›˛ ïyÓ˚y Óy ¢yïyÓ˚í ˛ôÓ˚¡ôÓ˚y ˆõˆÏò â˛ˆÏú– üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛

!ÓÑ˛yüñ ˆ˛ôü#ÈÙÈ¢M˛yúò ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ !ÓÑ˛yü Óy ¶˛y°Ïy !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü áˆÏ›˛ !ò!î≈T˛

ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ì˛y ˆõˆÏò–

2. !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ !ò Ïî≈üòy ò#!ì˛ÈÙÙÙÈ!ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ì˛y £ú Úõhfl ÏÑ˛ÈÙÙÙÈúƒyãÛ (‘Cephalo-caudal’) ˆÎõò ‘Proximodistal’

ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ì˛y– õhfl˛ÏÑ˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xAÜÈÙÈ≤Ãì˛ƒAÜ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ Ü!ì˛ïyÓ˚y ÎÌyñ oy!áõy ÓÓ˚yÓÓ˚

x«˛ˆÏÓ˚ÖyˆÏÑ˛ ÓˆÏú ‘Caphalo caudal’ ÓˆÏú ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛w ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚!ï ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ÓˆÏú

‘Proximodistal’. !üü% ≤Ã̈Ïõ ì˛yÓ˚ õhfl˛ÏÑ˛ !òÎ˚s˛fí xã≈ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ì˛yÓ˚˛ôÓ˚ Óy£% Á ˛ôyÜ%!ú–

xò%Ó˚)˛ô¶˛yˆÏÓñ ≤Ã̈Ïõ !üü% î#á≈ ˆ˛ôü#Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆüˆÏÖ ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ «% o ˆ˛ôü#Ü%!ú

!î ÏÎ˚ ¢)«˛ Ü!ì˛ÈÙÈ¢M˛yúò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

~Ó˚ xì≈˛ñ !üü% ≤Ã̈Ïõ Óy£%Ó˚ !òÎ˚s˛fí «˛õì˛y v˛zß¨ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚˛ôÓ˚ xyAÜ%ˆÏúÓ˚ !òÎ˚s˛fí ~ÓÇ

xòƒ ¢Ó–

3. ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yüÙÙÙÈ!ÓÑ˛yü ≤Ã!Ñ  Î˚y £ú !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈߨÈÙÈõyì, ܶ≈˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xyõ,ì% ƒ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ñ ÎÌyÈÙÙÙÈãß√ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢õy!ï ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛–

4. Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ £yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛Ó) ô £Î˚òyÙÙÙÈÎ!îÁ !ÓÑ˛yü !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈߨñ ì˛Ìy!˛ô Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ £yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛Ó˚) ô òÎ˚– ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ o%ì˛

˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# ã#ÓˆÏò ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚– ÓÎ˚É¢!rï«˛ˆÏí ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü

o%ì˛ áˆÏ›˛ñ ˆÎ›˛y ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ áˆÏ›˛–

5. Óƒ!=˛ÈÙÈfl˛∫ì˛ˆÏs˛fƒÓ˚ ò#!ì˛ÙÙÙÈ!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ñ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyeyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ £yÓ˚ Á Ü%íõyò Óƒ!=˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ £Î˚–

ÓyúÑ˛ Á Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ £yˆÏÓ˚ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ £Î˚– ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ì%˛úòyÎ˚ Óy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ

˛ô!Ó˚íõò £Î˚– v zîy£Ó˚ífl ∫Ó) ôñ Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ~Ñ˛£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ ˆÓü# ú¡∫y

~ÓÇ ÎˆÏÌT˛ ˛ô!Ó˚íì˛ £Î˚–

6. !ÓÑ˛yü ¢yïyÓ˚í ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï !î ÏÑ˛ x@˘Ã¢Ó˚ £Î˚ÙÙÙÈ!ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ¢Ó õyey ˆÓ!üÓ˚¶˛yÜ ˆ«˛ Ïe !Ó Ïü°Ï !î ÏÑ˛Ó˚ xy ÏÜ ¢yïyÓ˚í!î ÏÑ˛ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ãÓyÓ xy Ï¢–

¶˛y°Ïy !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ü∑ñ x«˛Ó˚ ÓúyÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ !üü% !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ü∑ xyˆÏïy xyˆÏïy v˛zFâ˛yÓ˚í

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– xò%Ó˚)˛ô¶˛yˆÏÓ !üü% Óv ¸ Óhfl%˛ ˆîˆÏÖ ˆäÈy›˛ Óhfl% ˆîÖyÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ– ~Ó˚ xÌ≈ !üü%Ó˚ ¢Ñ˛ú !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚

ˆ«˛ Ïe ¢yïyÓ˚í ¢yõÌ≈ !Ó Ïü°Ï Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÑ  ÏõÓ˚ !î ÏÑ˛ x@˘Ã¢Ó˚ £Î˚–

7. ~Ñ˛#¶˛Ó ÏòÓ˚ ò#!ì˛ÙÙÙÈ

¢yïyÓí !îÑ˛ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï !î ÏÑ˛ xyÓyÓ x@˘Ã¢ ÏÓÓ myÓy ~£z !Ó Ïü°Ï x@˘Ã¢Ó ¢õ@˘Ã ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ~Ñ˛#¶˛Óò

£Î– ~Ó xÌ≈ £ú ¢õ@˘Ã ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xÇ ÏüÓ !î ÏÑ˛ x@˘Ã¢Ó ~ÓÇ ˛ô%òÓyÎ xÇüÜ%!ú ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ¢õ@˘Ã !î ÏÑ˛–

Page 13: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

6 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

8. ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈˛Ó˚ ò#!ì˛ÙÙÙÈ

!üü%Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ òyòy!îÑ˛ ~ˆÏÑ˛ x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛Ó˚ ö˛ˆÏú ˛ôÓ˚fl˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú–

¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ӰψÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛õye#Î˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ~ÓÇ ö˛ˆÏú !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚

¢Ñ˛ú õyey ~ ÏÑ˛ x˛ô ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢¡ô!Ñ≈ ì˛ Óy ≤ö˛y!Óì˛–

9. ¶˛!Ӱσmyò#õ)úÑ˛ÙÙÙÈ

≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛ !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ £yÓ˚ £Î˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ xÌÓy ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ¶˛!ӰσÍÈÙÈÓyí# Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚

¢% ÏÎyÜ ˆîÎ˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ2

Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ xò%¢Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ ò#!ì˛Ü%!ú ì˛y !úÖ%ò–

1.4 Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ¢¡ôÑ≈

ÚÓ,!ÂïÛ Á Ú!ÓÑ˛yüÛÈÙÙÙÈî%!›˛ ü Ï∑Ó õ Ïïƒ ¢¡ôÑ≈ ~Öò !Ó ÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛Óy ≤à ÏÎyãò– !ÓK˛yò¢¡øì˛ ¢y!£ Ïì˛ƒñ

~£z î%!›˛ ü∑ !Ó!òõÎ ÏÎy܃ !£¢y ÏÓ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £Î– Ó,!Âï £ú ˆÑ˛y°ÏõÎ Ü%íyÜ%íñ ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈv zFâ˛ì˛yñ Áãòñ

Ó%!Âï £zì˛ƒy!îÓ Ó,!Âï– x˛ôÓ!î ÏÑ˛ñ !ÓÑ˛yü £ú ¢Ó xÇ ÏüÓ ¢Ç܇˛ò Îy Ó,!Âï Á ˛ô,ÌÑ˛#Ñ˛Óí ¢,!T˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

xòƒ Ñ˛ÌyÎñ Ó,!Âï ÏÑ˛ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Óy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò ÏÑ˛ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ Îy üÓ#Ó Á xyâ˛Ó ÏíÓ

ˆ«˛ Ïe !ò!î≈T˛¶˛y ÏÓ á Ï›˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛ñ ÎÖò !ÓÑ˛yü ü∑!›˛ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ !üü%Ó ¢Ó≈yAÜ#ò !Ó°Ï ÏÎÓ

ˆ«˛ Ïe– Ó,!Âï ü∑!›˛Ó ¢ÇK˛yÓ !Ó°Ï ÏÎñ ˆÑ˛v z ˆÑ˛v z !Ó ÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛ ÏÓò ˆÎ Ó,!Âï ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy ˆÎ›˛y Óƒ!=˛Ó

!ò Ïî≈ü Á !òÎs fí äÈyv˛y á Ï›˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛– Ó,!Âï ˛ô!Óíõò Á !üÖòÈÙÙÙÈv z¶˛ ÏÎÓ v z ôÓ !ò¶≈ Ó Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ˛ô!Óíõò

Óú Ïì˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ ¢õ ÏÎÓ ö˛ Ïú õyÇ¢ Ï ôü# ~ÓÇ fl˛yÎ%!ÓÑ˛ ì˛ Ïs fÓ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ òñ ~ÓÇ !üÖò Óú Ïì˛

ˆÓyG˛yÎ Óƒ!=˛Ó v z ôÓ !Ñ  Îyü#ú ÎÌyÌ≈ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓüÜì˛ ü!=˛Ó ≤ö˛yÓ– ᛲòy £úñ ¢õ@˘Ã !ÓÑ˛yü £ú

ïyÓyÓy!£Ñ˛ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò Îy Î%=˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Óíõò ì˛Ìy ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ v z ôyîy ÏòÓ v z ôÓ !ò¶≈ Óü#ú– Ó£%¢ÇÖƒÑ˛

Ó,!ÂïÓ ≤Ã!Ñ  ÎyÓ v z ôÓ– Ó,!ÂïÓ ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ¢ ÏAÜ !üü%Ó áyì ÈÙÈ≤Ã!ì˛áy Ïì˛Ó ü Ïì≈ Ó myÓy ≤ö˛y!Óì˛

£Î– £§y›˛yÓ !üÖò xÌÓy Ñ˛Ìy ÓúyÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ õì˛ !Ñ˛ä%È Ó,!ÂïÓ ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy x Ï ô«˛yÑ, ì˛ Ñ˛õ ¢õÎ ˆòΖ

!Ñ hs% xòƒÜ%!úÓ x ÏòÑ˛ ˆÓü# ¢õ ÏÎÓ ≤à ÏÎyãò £Î– ~›˛y ~Ñ˛õye ÎÖò xyõÓy ˛ô) ÏÓ≈Ó xyâ˛Ó ÏíÓ

¢ ÏAÜ Óì≈ õyò xyâ˛Óí ì%úòy Ñ˛ ÏÓ Ìy!Ñ˛ ì˛Öò xyõÓy ˆîÖ Ïì˛ ¢õÌ≈ ££z ˆÎ Ó,!Âï á Ï›˛ ÏäÈ–

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7506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ3

xy˛ô!ò !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò⁄ 50!›˛ ü Ï∑ !úÖ%ò–

1.5 Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ≤ö˛yÓ!Óhfl ÏyÓÑ˛yÓ# v z ôyîyò¢õ)£

ܶ≈ yÓfiÌy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ õy ÏÎÓ Ü Ï¶≈ ã#Ó ÏòÓ ü%Ó% ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ õyò ÏÓÓ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü !Ó!¶˛ß ïÓ ÏíÓ

v z ôyîyò myÓy ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ £Î– ~£z v z ôyîyòÜ%!ú !Óhfl Ïy!Óì˛¶˛y ÏÓ x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó#í Á Ó!£ÉfiÌ !£¢y ÏÓ

ˆ◊í#!Ó¶˛=˛– xy¢%ò xyõÓy !ò¡Ó) Ï ô ~£z v z ôyîyòÜ%!ú xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛!Ó–

x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#í v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ı˛ˆÎ ¢Ó v˛z˛ôyîyò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#í v˛z ôyîyò Óúy £Î˚–

~£z v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ £úÈÙÙÙÈ

1. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£

2. ˜ã!ÓÑ˛ Á !òÎ˚õì˛y!s˛fÑ˛ v z˛ôyîyò¢õ)£

3. ˆÓyïü!=˛

4. ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£

5. ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛

xy¢%ò xyõÓ˚y xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛!Ó˚ !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ v˛z ôÓ˚ ~£z¢Ó x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#í v˛z ôyîyòÜ%!úÓ˚

≤ö˛yÓ–

1. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ı ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ õyì, ã‡˛ˆÏÓ˚ ܶ≈˛fiÌ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ¢õˆÏÎ˚ !Ñ  Î˚y

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ xÇü ܇˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe xÓƒÓ!£ì˛ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !ãò Á ˆÑ  yˆÏõyˆÏãyõ

Ó) Ï˛ô ¢hs˘˛yòˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ fiÌyòyhs˘˛!Ó˚ì˛ £Î˚– ~£z ܇˛ò ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ ≤ÃyÓ˚!Ω˛Ñ˛ !Ó®% ~ÓÇ ¢õ@˘Ã Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ !¶˛!_ ˆÎ›˛y !üü%Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# ã#ÓˆÏò áˆÏ›˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– v zFâ˛ì˛yñ Áãòñ ˆâ˛yÖ Á â˛yõv ¸yÓ˚ Ó˚Çñ

ˆÑ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ â˛!Ó˚eñ ¢õhfl˛Ï !Ñ˛ä%È ~£z ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤ö˛yˆÏÓ !fiÌÓ˚ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ܇˛òñ fl ¨yÎ˚!ÓÑ˛

xÓfiÌy Á xòƒyòƒ !ã!ò¢ ˆÎÜ%!ú !òÎ˚õì˛y!s˛fÑ˛ ܇˛ò ≤Ãíyú#ñ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ Ó˚¢yÎ˚ò ~ÓÇ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛

!ÓÑ˛yü £zì˛ƒy!î !Ñ˛ä%È›˛y ˛ô!Ó˚õyí ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v˛z˛ôyîyò¢õ)ˆÏ£Ó˚ myÓ˚y !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ £Î˚–

2. ˜ã!ÓÑ˛ Á !òÎ˚õì˛y!s˛fÑ˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ı ~Ñ˛›˛y !üü%Ó˚ fl˛∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ ˜î!£Ñ˛ Ñ˛y‡˛yˆÏõyÓ˚ ܇˛òñ

üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ Á ˆî£ÈÙÈÓ˚¢yÎ˚ò ¢õ@˘Ã ã#ÓòÓƒy˛ô# ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !ò Ï¡¨Ó˚

≤Ãíyú# Ïì˛ ~Ó˚ ¢ì˛ƒì˛y ≤Ãõyí Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

1. ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ÎyÓ˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ î%Ó≈ú xÌÓy ÎyÓ˚ x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#í !ÓÑ˛úyAÜì˛y xyˆÏäÈ ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ˚

Page 15: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

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8 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ ¢ˆÏhs˘˛y°ÏãòÑ˛ ö˛ú xyüy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy– ˆ¢ ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛

î%Ó≈úì˛yÎ˚ ˆ¶˛yˆÏÜ ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ Ó,!Âï ü%ï%õye Óƒy£ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ òy ÓÓ˚Ç ì˛yÓ˚ xòƒyòƒ ˆ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚!ÓÑ˛yü ì˛Ìy õyò!¢Ñ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

2. fl ¨yÎ˚!ÓÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ˆÎ›˛y üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ â˛úòˆÏÑ˛ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ !üü%Ó˚ ≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛ ˆ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á!ÓÑ˛yü ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

3. ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ãß√ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yÓ˚ @˘Ã!rÌ Óy òy!ú£#ò @˘Ã!rÌ¢õ)£ ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚

≤ö˛yÓ !Óhfl˛ÏyÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚# Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£– ˆîˆÏ£Ó˚ Ó˚¢yÎ˚ò ~£z @˘Ã!rÌÜ%!ú myÓ˚y Ü!‡˛ì˛ £Î˚– ~£z@˘Ã!rÌÜ%!úÓ˚ ≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛!›˛ ~Ó˚ !òãfl ∫ Ó˚y¢yÎ˚!òÑ˛ ˛ôîyÌ≈Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ Ü%Æ xÓfiÌyÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÖ ÎyÓ˚ òyõ £Ó˚ˆÏõyò–~£z £Ó˚ˆÏõyòÜ%!ú Ó˚=˛ ≤ÃÓyˆÏ£ ˆ˛ô§ÔäÈyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢yÓ˚y üÓ˚#Ó˚Óƒy˛ô# äÈ!v ¸ ÏÎ˚ ˛ôˆÏv ¸– ~Ü%!ú ˙ ¢Ó

ˆÑ˛y°ÏÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ xÓfiÌyÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÑ˛úy˛ôñ ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛õ≈y!î ~ÓÇ~õò!Ñ˛ !â˛hs˘˛y¢õ)£Á !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇ òy!ú£#ò @˘Ã!rÌÜ%!úÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÑ˛úy˛ô !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !ӰψÏÎ˚xˆÏòÑ˛›˛y ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ â˛â≈˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈüyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ñ õyò!¢Ñ˛ñ ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ

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õyÓ˚ydÑ˛ xfl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ì˛y–

4. Ó%!Âï (Intelligence) : Ó%!ÂïÈÙÙÙÈ!üÖ ÏòÓ˚ «˛õì˛y !£ Ï¢ ÏÓñ ¢õß∫Î˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢õ ÏÎ˚¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !¢Âïyhs˘˛ @˘Ã£í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !üü%Ó˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ~Ó˚ ì˛yͲôÎ≈˛ô)í≈ ¶) !õÑ˛y ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

~Ñ˛ãò Ó%!Âïõyò Óƒ!=˛ˆÏÑ˛ ì§˛yÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ˆÏÑ˛ Î%!=˛˛ô)í≈ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ Óúy £Î˚ñ ~ÓÇ ì§˛yˆÏÑ˛¶˛yˆÏúy¶˛yˆÏÓ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢õß∫Î˚ ᛲyˆÏì˛ ˆîÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ~¶˛yˆÏÓñ !üü%Ó˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ñ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ñ ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ñ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ Á ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü Ó£%úyLjÏü ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Á !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ £Î˚ Ó%!ÂïÓ˚

v˛zFâ˛ì˛yÓ˚ myÓ˚y–

5. ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ı ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ v˛z ôyîyò¢õ)£ñ xÌ≈yÍ ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ¢õß∫Î˚ Á ˛ô!Ó˚òõòÓƒ!=˛Ó˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ≤ö˛yÓ !Óhfl˛ÏyˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y Óv˛¸ ¶) !õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%

ˆÎ ¶˛Î˚ñ ˆÑ ˛yïñ {°Ï≈y £zì˛ƒy!îÓ˚ õì˛ ò~åÌ≈Ñ˛ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛Ü%!ú myÓ˚y xyFäÈߨ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ñ ˆ¢ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ñõyò!¢Ñ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ ¶˛y°Ïy !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !Ó˛ôÓ˚#ì˛¶˛y ÏÓ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ £Î˚– Î!î ~Ñ˛ãòÓƒ!=˛ ì§˛yÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ˆÏÑ˛ Î%!=˛˛ô)í≈ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ òy ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òñ ì˛y£ˆÏú !ì˛!ò xÓüƒ£z ì§˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ¶% ˆÏÜ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏÓò–

6. ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛ ı ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ì˛y ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ xòƒyòƒ ˆ«˛ˆÏe¢õß∫Î˚ Á ≤ÃÜ!ì˛ xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ñ ˆÓ!üÓ˚¶˛yÜ

¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛Ó˚ õyÏõñ ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ì˛yÓ˚ xyü#Ó≈yî !£ˆÏ¢ˆÏÓ ≤Ãõy!íì˛

£ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

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ˆòy›˛

9506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

Óy!£ƒÑ˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ ıÓƒ!=˛Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ Óy£zˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ ¢Ó v z˛ôyîyòÜ%!ú ÌyˆÏÑ˛ Îy ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ Óy!£ƒÑ˛ v˛z˛ôyîyò ÓˆÏú– !üü%Ó˚ ܈϶≈˛ ÌyÑ˛yÓ˚ xÓƒÓ!£ì˛ ˛ôÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~£z v˛z˛ôyîyòÜ%!ú ì˛yÓ˚

Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤ö˛yÓ !Óhfl˛ÏyÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¶)˛!õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~£zÜ%!ú

!ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

1. õyì˛yÓ˚ ܈϶≈˛Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ı õyì˛yÓ˚ ܈϶≈˛ ïyÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !üü%Ó˚ ãß√ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ î,!T˛ˆÏÑ˛yí ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢¡ô)í≈ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ !üü%Ó˚ ˛ô%!T˛!ÓïyˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò– !Ñ˛ä%È !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ~£z

¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ !ò Ï¡¨ ˆÎÜ%!ú v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú ı

(a) ܶ≈˛yÓfiÌyÎ˚ õyì˛yÓ˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ Á õyò!¢Ñ˛ fl ∫yfĩ–

(b) ܈϶≈˛Ó˚ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ Óy ~Ñ˛y!ïÑ˛ !üü%Ó˚ ˛ô%!T˛!Óïyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

(c) õyì,˛ÈÙÈ܈϶≈˛ º%í xÓfiÌyÎ˚ ÌyÑ˛yÑ˛yú#ò ˛ô!Ó˚õyíÜì˛ Á

Ü%íÜì˛ ˛ô%!T˛Ñ˛Ó˚ Öyîƒ ˛ôyÁÎ˚y–

(d) º)í «˛!ì˛Ñ˛yÓ˚Ñ˛ !ÓFä%È!Ó˚ì˛ Ó˚!Ÿ¬ Óy Ó˚!Ÿ¬ Ñ˛íyÓ˚ !òÎ˚s fíyï#ò

xy ÏäÈ !Ñ˛òy–

(e) fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ Óy xfl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ ≤âӖ

(f) õyì,˛ÜˆÏ¶≈˛ !üü%Ó˚ ˆÑ˛yò «˛!ì˛ Óy î%á≈›˛òy–

2. ã Ïß√Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚ ≤ÃyÆ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü ı ãˆÏß√Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚ !üü% Îy !Ñ˛ä%È !Ó!¶˛ß¨ xÓfiÌy Óy ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚

ü!=˛ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˛ôyÎ ì˛y ì˛yÓ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ÏÑ˛ òyòy¶˛y ÏÓ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !ò Ï¡ ~Ü%!ú Óí≈òy Ñ˛Óy

£ú ı

(a) ã#Ó Ïò î%á≈›˛òy ~ÓÇ á›˛òy¢õ)£ ı Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ≤Ãâ% Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚õyˆÏí ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ £Î˚

¶˛yú Á õ® ᛲòyÓ˚ myÓ˚y ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ã#ÓˆÏò ˆÎ î%á≈›˛òy áˆÏ›˛ˆÏäÈ ì˛yÓ˚ myÓ˚y– Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy ~Ñ˛›˛y

ˆäÈy›˛ xyáyì˛ Óy ~Ñ˛›˛y î%á≈›˛òy ì˛yÓ˚ ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ Ü!ì˛˛ô̈ÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

!îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– v˛zîy£Ó˚ífl˛∫Ó˚)˛ô Î!î ~Ñ˛›˛y !üü%Ó˚ fl˛¨yÎ˚!ÓÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ~Ñ˛›˛y î%á≈›˛òyÓ˚ myÓ˚y «˛!ì˛@˘ÃfiÌ

£Î˚ñ ì˛y£ˆÏú ~›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ õyò!¢Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ «˛!ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ö˛úfl˛∫Ó˚)˛ô ~›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚

xòƒyòƒ ˆ«˛ ÏeÈÙÙÙÈ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ñ ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ñ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ Á ˜î!£Ñ˛ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤ö˛yÓ ˆö˛ú ÏÓ–

(b) üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ Ü%íõyòñ !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y ÓƒÓfiÌy ~ÓÇ ˛ô%!T˛Ñ˛Ó˚ Öy ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï

Á ˆÓ§ˆÏⲠÌyÑ˛y Á Ñ˛yˆÏãÓ˚ ≤ÃyÆ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y ÓƒÓfiÌy Á ˛ô%!T˛Ñ˛Ó˚ ÖyˆÏîƒÓ˚ Ü%íõyˆÏòÓ˚

myÓ˚y ≤Ãâ% Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚õy Ïí ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ £Î˚– ~Ü%!úÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Î%=˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛ ˆÖyúy ãyÎ˚Üyñ ¢%°Ïõ Öyîƒñ ¶˛yú

ã#ÓòÈÙÈÎy˛ôò ~ÓÇ Ñ˛y ÏãÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü Á !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y ÓƒÓfiÌy– ~£z !ã!ò¢Ü% ÏúyÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ãy!ÆÓ˚

v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ v˛zFâ˛ì˛y xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ–

(c) !üü% ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ü!=˛Ó˚ ãòƒ ˆÎ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ñ

ì˛y ì˛yÓ˚ K˛yˆÏò!wÎ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ Ü!ì˛˛ô̈ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆ¢ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ £Î˚

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ˆòy›˛

10 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ õO$Ó˚#Ñ, ì˛ ~ÓÇ xyÑ˛y!Cì˛ ~£z¢Ó ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ü!=˛Ó˚ myÓ˚y– !òˆÏ¡¨

~ ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È xÓfiÌy Ó!í≈ì˛ £ú ı

1. !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y Á ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Îb ˆÎ›˛y !üü% ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

2. !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛y Á ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÌ≈˜Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛ Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ôîõÎ≈ƒyîy–

3. ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓü#Ü ÏíÓ˚ ~ÓÇ â˛yÓ˚ ôy ÏüÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ Ü%íõyò–

6. !üü% Ñ˛ì≈,˛Ñ˛ ≤ÃyÆ !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢y ÓƒÓfiÌyÓ˚ Ü%íõyò ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ãy!ì˛ñ ïõ≈ñ ãy!ì˛c

Óy òyÜ!Ó˚Ñ˛ ÏcÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚–

7. !üü%Ó˚ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ ≤ÃyÆ !ü«˛yÜì˛ Á Ó,!=˛Üì˛ ¢% ÏÎyÜÈÙÈ¢%!ÓïyÓ˚ Ü%íõyò–

8. ¢Ó˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ñ xy£zò¢õ)£ Á ¢õy ÏãÓ˚ ¢Ç܇˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ü%íõyò Îy Ïì˛ !üü%Ó˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈ¢¡ô!_ Ìy ÏÑ˛–

9. ü!=˛ Á ˛ôîõÎ≈ƒyîy ˆÎ›˛y ˆîü ˆ¶˛yÜ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ Ü%íõyò ˆÎÖyˆÏò !üü% ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ6

î%!›˛ x!ïÑ˛ì˛Ó˚ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ 75 ü∑ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó%ò Îy !üü% ÏîÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yüˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

1.6 Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ˛ôÎ≈yÎ

Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ïy˛ô S˛ôÎ≈yÎV î% Ï›˛y v z ôÈÙÈ!Ó¶˛y ÏÜÈÙÙÙÈ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ó#!ì˛Ó v z ôÓ Á xyÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ì˛y ÏîÓ

xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ xÌ≈ñ !ü«˛í Á !üÖ ÏòÓ ãòƒ Ó!í≈ì˛ £ú–

1.6.1 v zˆÏß√°ÏÑ˛yú ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˜üüÓÑ˛yú ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈yÎ˚ Á ì˛yÓ˚ xhs˘˛!ò!≈£ì˛ xÌ≈–

!ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛Ü%!ú £Î˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãïyò ˛ôÎ≈yÎ˚ Óy hfl˛ÏÓ˚¢õ)£

(i) ãß√ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ı v z Ïß√°ÏÑ˛yú–

(ii) 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ı ≤ÃyÓ˚!Ω˛Ñ˛ ˜üüÓÑ˛yú–

(iii) 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ı ≤Ãyhs˘˛#Î˚ ˜üüÓÑ˛yú–

(iv) 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 19 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ı ˜Ñ˛ˆÏüyÓ˚–

xy¢%ò xyõÓ˚y ˛ôÎ≈yÎ˚Ü%!ú !Óhfl˛Ïy!Ó˚ì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛!Ó˚ ı

(i) v z Ïß√°ÏÑ˛yú ı ãß√ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛–

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ˆòy›˛

11506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı˜üüˆÏÓñ ~Ñ˛›˛y !üü% !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôrÌyÎ˚ Ö%Ó o%ì˛ !ÓÑ˛yü úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !üü%Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ â˛yÓ˚˛ôyˆÏüÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ !õÌ!fl;Î˚y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˆüˆÏÖ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ £z!wÎ˚Ü%!ú ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆî£

Ó!ú¤˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚í!ì˛ úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !üü%Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆî£ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆüˆÏÖ Ó,£Í üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛

Ñ˛yÎ≈ xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ˆü ÏÖ Óy ˆõy›˛ ¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛ ì˛yñ ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈ£yõyÜ%!v ¸ ˆîÁÎ˚y ~ÓÇ

£§y›˛y– ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ˜î!£Ñ˛ ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ì˛yÓ˚ ïyˆÏ˛ôÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚¡ôÓ˚y !ò‹ôߨ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ›˛y ~ˆÏÑ˛ x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚

¢ˆÏAÜ xyˆÏÓ˚y Ñ˛!‡˛ò Áã!›˛ú !Ñ ˛Î˚y ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !üÖˆÏì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yˆÏÑ˛– !ÓˆÏü°Ï¶˛yˆÏÓ

Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ì˛y !ÓÑ˛yü xò%¢Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y xyîü≈ Óy òõ%òyˆÏÑ˛ Îy õyÌy v˛z§â%˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ïˆÏÓ˚

Ó˚yˆÏÖñ v˛zú‰!›˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÁÎ˚yñ ᛲyÎ˚ñ ӈϢ ÌyÑ˛yñ £yõyÜ%!v˛¸ ˆîÁÎ˚y ~ÓÇ î§yv˛¸yˆÏòy ~ÓÇ â)˛v˛¸yhs˘˛¶˛yˆÏÓ

£§y›˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏÓ≈yFⲠ¢#õyÎ˚ ˆ˛ô§ÔäÈyˆÏòy– !üü%Ó˚ ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ 2 ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 3 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ õyÌy v˛z§â%˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ì˛yÓ˚

Óy£%Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚ â˛y˛ô ˆîÁÎ˚y !ÓÑ˛yü úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– 4 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ¢õÎ˚ Üv ¸yˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ 6 õyˆÏ¢ ˆÓü#Ó˚

¶˛yÜ !üü% ¢y£y΃ äÈyv ¸y Ó¢ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– 7 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 10 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ !üü% £yõyÜ%!v˛¸ !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

~ÓÇ Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy 10 õy¢ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ñ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% î§yv ¸yˆÏì˛ ˆü°ÏÖ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃÌõ ˛ôîˆÏ«˛˛ô ˆòÎ˚–

!‡˛Ñ˛ ãˆÏß√Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚ñ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ ˆÑ˛yò !òÎ˚s˛fí ÌyˆÏÑ˛ òy ì˛yÓ˚ áyˆÏv˛¸Ó˚ ˆ˛ôü#Ó˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚– xòƒ ˆÑ˛yò

üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ì˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ Ñ˛ì≈,˛c Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ñ xÓüƒ£z ˆüˆÏÖ ì˛yÓ˚ õyÌy›˛yˆÏÑ˛ v˛z§â%˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ~ÓÇ

ïˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛– Óy£% Á ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ≤ÃyÎ˚£z !üü%Ó˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ fl˛∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ áˆÏ›˛ ˆÎˆÏ£ì%˛ ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ˚

xAÜÈÙÈ≤Ãì˛AÜÜ%!ú !î ÏÎ˚ ≤âyÓ˚í Á ïyE˛y ˆîÎ˚– !‡˛Ñ˛ Óv ¸ ˆ˛ôü#Ó˚ õì˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ¢%®Ó˚ ¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛

ì˛y ˆÎ›˛y !üü% ¢¡ôyîò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !üü%Ó˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚ü£z ~Ñ˛›˛y ˆÖúòyˆÏÑ˛ x§yÑ˛!v˛¸ ÏÎ˚ ïˆÏÓ˚ 4 ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 5õy¢ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢– 9 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 12 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ !üü%Ó˚ ü§yv˛¸y!üÓ˚ õì˛ x§yÑ˛!v˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ïÓ˚y !ÓÑ˛yü úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚ ¢õ@˘Ã £yì˛ !îˆÏÎ˚ ïÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓˆÏì≈˛ ≤ÃÌõ î% Ï›˛y xyAÜ%ú !îˆÏÎ˚ ˆÑ˛yò !Ñ˛ä%È ïÓ˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛yñ

ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ !mì˛#Î˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚ñ ›˛ú‰ˆÏì˛ ›˛ú‰ˆÏì˛ £§y›˛y â˛úˆÏì˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ xyˆÏÓ˚y Ü!ì˛õÎ˚¶˛yˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ xyˆÏÓ˚y

ⲛ˛˛ôˆÏ›˛¶˛yˆÏÓ– Ñ˛õˆÏÓü# 15 õyˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y !¢•!v˛¸ñ v˛z§â%˛ ˆâ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ xy¢ÓyÓ˛ôeñ Óy£zˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚%

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ì˛ÖˆÏòy ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ˆÎ â)˛v˛¸yÎ˚ ˆ˛ô§ÔäÈyÎ˚ ˆ¢Öyò ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ òyõˆÏì˛ ¢«˛õ £Î˚ òy– 18õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ ›˛úyÓ˚ ¶˛yÓ˚¢yõƒ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˆÓü# î,벸 £Î˚ ˆÎˆÏ£ì% ì˛yÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ¢£ã¶˛yˆÏÓ

£§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ £z!wÎ˚@˘Ãy£ƒ Óhfl%˛Ó˚ !îˆÏÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !˛ôäȈÏòñ ˛ôyü¶˛yˆÏÓñ Ó,_Ñ˛yˆÏÓ˚ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ

~õò!Ñ˛ ˆîÔv˛¸yˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !mì˛#Î˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆüˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈyÑ˛y!äÈñ ˆÎ ›˛úˆÏì˛ ›˛úˆÏì˛ £§yˆÏ›˛ ˆ¢

ã!›˛ú ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ ¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛ ì˛y v zß¨ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎõòñ î) ÏÓ˚ ˆÑ˛yò Óhfl% !òˆÏ«˛˛ô Ñ˛Ó˚y

Á úy!Ì õyÓ˚y– 24 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ ì˛yÓ˚y ~Ñ˛£z fiÌyˆÏò úyö˛yˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ñ˛£z fiÌyˆÏò úy!ö˛ˆÏÎ˚

¶˛yÓ˚¢yõƒ Ó˚«˛y Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ x“ ¢õˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛ ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ¶˛yÓ˚¢yõƒ Ó˚«˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

!ì˛òâ˛yÑ˛y ¢y£zˆÏÑ˛ˆÏú ˛ôƒyˆÏv˛ú (Paddling) Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– !mì˛#Î˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆüˆÏ°Ïñ

›˛úõú ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎ £§yˆÏ›˛ ˆ¢ xì˛ƒhs˘˛ o%ì˛ Ü!ì˛¢¡ôߨ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ñ˛ fiÌyò ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xòƒ fiÌyˆÏò

ˆî§Ôv˛¸yˆÏì˛ ~ÓÇ o%ì˛ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

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ˆòy›˛

12 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ı≤ÃÌõ !üü%Ó˚y ÎÖò ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ñ ì˛yÓ˚y ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ˆÓü#Ó˚¶˛yÜ ˆÎyÜy ÏÎyÜ Ñ˛yߨyÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

ì˛yÓ˚y «%˛ïyì≈˛ £ˆÏú ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ§˛ˆÏî ÓˆÏúñ Ñœ˛yhs˘˛ñ Óy x¢hs%˘˛T˛ £ˆÏúñ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆì˛yÎ˚yˆÏú ˆòyÇÓ˚y

£ˆÏúñ ÓƒÌy £ˆÏú xÌÓy ü%ï%õye õˆÏòyˆÏÎyÜ Á ˆfl ¨£ xyÑ˛°Ï≈í Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ Ñ˛yߨyÓ˚ õyÏõ ÓˆÏú–

Îy£z Ï£yÑ˛ñ !üü%Ó˚y ãß√ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ Ñ˛Ìƒ ¶˛y°Ïy !üÖˆÏäÈ– ˆÎˆÏ£ì% ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ

Ñ˛Ìy ÓˆÏúò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ îü≈ò ˆ«˛ˆÏeñ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ%ÖÈÙÈõ[˛ú ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 8-10 £z!M˛ î)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ñ ì˛yÓ˚y

ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚ ÏÑ˛Ó˚ õ%Ö â˛yúòy òÑ˛ú Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 2 – 3 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y á%á%ÈÙÈïπò# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó%

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ òÓ˚õ¶˛yˆÏÓñ xyò® Óy v z Ï_ãòy x!ì˛Ó˚!Oì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ fl ∫Ó˚ïπò# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó%

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– 3 – 4 õyˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y õ% ÏÖ xˆÏòÑ˛ ü∑ ˆÎyÜ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ÓƒOò ïπò# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

b, k, m, g ~ÓÇ p ~Ó˚ õˆÏì˛y– 4 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ !üü%Ó˚y ÚÚÜÜyÛÛ Á ÚÚÁ£˛ô%ÛÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ õˆÏì˛y xÌ≈£#ò

ü∑ ܇˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ fl˛∫Ó˚ïπ!ò Á ÓƒOòïπò# ~Ñ˛e Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆÎˆÏ£ì%˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ˛ôÓ˚#«˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ü∑ ~Ñ˛ˆÏe ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ%Ö Á ˆ‡§˛y›˛

ÓyãyˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ‡§˛y›˛Ü%!ú Á õ%Ö ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Á !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Óv˛¸‰!Óv˛¸‰ xyÁÎ˚yã

xò%ü#úò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 6 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ñ ì˛yÓ˚y xyˆÏïy xyˆÏïy Ñ˛Ìy ÓúˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– 7 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚

õˆÏïƒñ !üü%Ó˚y x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Ñ˛Ìy ÓˆÏú v˛z_Ó˚ !îˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~Ñ˛£z¢ˆÏAÜ x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Ñ˛Ìy

ÓúyÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓˆÏì≈˛ xòƒˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏì˛y ≤ÃψÏ_y_Ó˚ !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– £z!ì˛õˆÏïƒñ !üü%Ó˚y ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÎ ü∑

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ì˛y xò%Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ– !ÓˆÏü°Ïì˛ ãhs%˛ˆÏîÓ˚ xyÁÎ˚yã ˆÎõò ÜÓ˚%Ó˚ £y¡∫y v˛yÑ˛–

≤ÃyÎ˚ 8 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y ü∑ ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Á !â˛hs˘˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ›˛y ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓyG˛y

ÎyÎ˚– v˛zîy£Ó˚ífl˛∫Ó˚)˛ôñ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ÚÚî%ïÛÛ ü∑!›˛ ˆüyˆÏò ì˛Öò ˆ¢ ãyˆÏò ˆÎ ü#á £z ì˛yÓ˚

ˆÓyì˛ú!›˛ ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏÓñ ÎÖò ˆ¢ ÓˆÏú ÚÚÓyÓ˚ÛÛñ ì˛Öò ˆ¢ ˛ôyˆÏÓ ì˛yÓ˚ !≤ÃÎ˚ ÖyˆÏîƒÓ˚ ¶˛y[˛yÓ˚–

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÌõ ÓäÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈyÑ˛y!äÈñ !üü%Ó˚y ~ì˛!îò ˆÎ ¶˛y°Ïy !üÖ ÏäÈ ˆ¢¢Ó

¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ˛ôy‡˛ ~Ñ˛ˆÏe Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– 9 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 12 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õyˆÏG˛ñ !üü%Ó˚y ≤ÃÌõ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛

Ñ˛Ìy ÓúˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ˆÎõò ÚÚõyõyÛÛ ~ÓÇ ÚÚîyîyÛÛ– ~£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ì˛yÓ˚y ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛

ü∑ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ü∑ì˛y!úÑ˛y Î%=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– 12 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ !Ñ˛ä%È !üü%Ó˚ fl˛ôT˛ ü∑

ì˛y!úÑ˛yÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ 2-3 ~Ó˚ õˆÏì˛y ü∑ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ›˛úõú ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ !mì˛#Î˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚

≤ÈÏÓü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¶˛y°Ïy ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ «˛õì˛y xyˆÏÓ˚y ¢%fl˛ôT˛ £Î˚– ì˛yÓ˚y !òˆÏãÓ˚ ãòƒ ü∑ ¢Ç@˘Ã£

â˛y!úˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚y ˆÎ ü∑Ü%!ú ˆÓyˆÏG˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒy Óy!v ¸ ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ˆÎ ü∑Ü%!ú ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ

ì˛yͲôÎ≈˛ô)í≈ Á Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ì˛y ì˛yÓ˚y ˆüˆÏÖñˆÎõò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !≤ÃÎ˚ ˆÖúòy Á Óƒ!=˛ˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ– !mì˛#Î˚

ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆü°ÏyˆÏï≈ñ ›˛úõú ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ¶˛y°Ïy ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y xyˆÏÓ˚y Óyhfl˛ÏÓïõ≈# £Î˚–

18 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 24 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ¢îƒ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˆüÑ˛y !üü%Ó˚y 2-3!›˛ ü∑ ~Ñ˛e Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¢£ã v z!=˛

˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ÎyˆÏÑ˛ ÓˆÏú î)Ó˚Óyì≈˛y ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ ¶˛y°Ïy– ¢îƒ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˆüÖy !üü%Ó˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚ 50›˛y ü∑ 20 õy Ï¢Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ ~ÓÇ 24 õy Ï¢Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ 100-~Ó˚ ˆÓü# ü∑ ãyò Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

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ˆòy›˛

13506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü (Cognitive development) :!üü%Ó˚y ü%ï%õye ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÌõ 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ Óƒy˛ô# ˜î!£Ñ˛ Óy üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ Ó,!Âï ≤ÃyÆ £Î˚ òyñ ÓÓ˚Ç

≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ Sõyò!¢Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓV Ó,!Âï≤ÃyÆ £Î˚– ÎÖò üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ Ó,!Âï≤ÃyÆ Óy ˛ô!Ó˚Ó!ì≈ ì˛

£Î˚ ì˛Öò ¢£ˆÏã ~›˛y ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢¡ô)í≈ !ò¶%≈˛ú Ó˚y!ü ˆÎõòñ £z!M˛ Á ˛ôyv˛z Ï[˛ ˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ô

Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚– ≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Á !ÓÑ˛yü ¢%fl˛ôT˛Ó˚) Ï˛ô !òï≈yÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y ~Ñ˛›% Ñ˛!‡˛ò– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇñ

õyò#!¢Ñ˛ Á ≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ΈÏÌT˛ ˛ô!Ó˚õyˆÏí  Óƒ!=˛Ó˚y ãyòˆÏÓò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ì˛Ñ≈˛ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚

v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎÜ%!ú !ÓÑ˛yüõ)úÑ˛ ì˛y!_¥Ñ˛Üí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛òñ ˆÎõò !˛ôÎ˚yˆÏã§Ó˚ ≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛

!ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ì˛_¥ ~ÓÇ ~!Ó˚Ñ˛¢ ÏòÓ˚ õ Ïòy¢yõy!ãÑ˛ hfl ÏÓ˚¢õ)£– !˛ôÎ˚y Ïã§Ó˚ õì˛yò%¢y ÏÓ˚ñ òÓãß√≤ÃyÆ

!üü%Ó˚y ¢¡ô)í≈ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ó!¡∫ì˛ xyâ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ õyÏõ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ !õÌ!‹;Î˚y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yÓ˚y ¶˛yˆÏÓ

òy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ÎyˆÏFäÈñ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ÓÓ˚Ç ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢£ãyì˛ ≤ÃÓ,!_ xò%¢Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

~ÓÇ fl˛∫ì˛fl˛≥)˛ì≈˛¶˛yˆÏÓ áyì˛≤Ã!ì˛áyì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Öyîƒñ ÓyÎ˚% ~ÓÇ ü%◊%°Ïy ˛ôyÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ–

!˛ôÎ˚yˆÏ㧠!ÓŸªy¢ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ˆÎ ˆÎˆÏ£ì%˛ !üü%Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ £z!wˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ õyÏõ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü ÓyˆÏv˛¸ Á ˆüˆÏÖñ

ì˛yÓ˚y ú«˛ƒ ¢%Ö# xyâ˛Ó˚ˆÏí ˆfl ∫FäÈyÎ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚y!ãì˛ Ó˚yˆÏÖ– xòƒÑ˛ÌyÎ˚ñ ì˛yÓ˚y ¶˛yÓˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ¢£z

!Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚y ¢¡ôyîò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ â˛yÎ˚ñ ~›˛y ˆÎ¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢¡ôyîò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ â˛yÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚˛ôÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚y

~›˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ÎÖò !üü%Ó˚y ˆÑ˛yò Óhfl%˛ Óy !Ó°ÏÎ˚ fiÌyÎ˚#¶˛yˆÏÓ Óí≈òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛Öò ~›˛yÁ £Î˚ ˆÎ›˛y

ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y Îy ì˛ÖˆÏòy !Ñ˛ä%È !Óîƒõyò ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ~õò!Ñ˛ Î!îÁ ~›˛y ˆîÖˆÏì˛ òy ˛ôyÎ˚– ~£z î%!›˛

ïy˛ôñ ú«˛ƒ ¢%Ö# xyâ˛Ó˚í ~ÓÇ Óhfl% Ó˚ fiÌyÎ˚#cñ ¢ÓyÓ˚ î,!T˛ˆÏÜyâ˛Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ !üü%Ó˚ ≤ÃK˛yõ)úÑ˛

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãïyò Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÑ  õ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛/¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ıãß√ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !üü%Ó˚y xy@˘Ã£ñ £Î˚Ó˚y!òñ !ÓˆÏÓ˚y!=˛ ˆ¶˛yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˜î!£Ñ˛ ¶˛AÜ# Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y

ãyòyˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– 2 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 3 õyˆÏ¢ !üü%Ó˚y fl ∫ì˛Éfl˛≥) ì≈˛ Úˆ¢Ô!Öò ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ £y!¢Û ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ

Ñ˛õÈÙȈÓ!ü 4 õyˆÏ¢ fl˛∫ì˛Éfl˛≥)˛ì≈˛ £y¢ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛ 2 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ !üü%Ó˚y

xòƒyòƒ xò%¶) !ì˛ ˆÎõòñ Ó˚yÜñ î%ÉÖñ xyÑ˛!fl˛øÑ˛ì˛y Á ¶˛Î˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– 5 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ

!üü%Ó˚y x˛ô!Ó˚!â˛ì˛ v˛zˆÏmÜ ≤Ãîü≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 6 õyˆÏ¢ñ !üü%Ó˚y xyˆÏÓÜ Á

xòƒyòƒ £yÓ¶˛yÓ Îy ì˛yÓ˚y ˆîˆÏÖ òÑ˛ú Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Á ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– 8 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 10 õy Ï¢ñ

!üü%Ó˚y ˛ô,ÌÑ˛ v˛zˆÏmˆÏÜÓ˚ x!¶˛K˛ì˛y !òˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎÖò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô,ÌÑ˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 9 õyˆÏ¢ !üü%Ó˚y ≤ÃÌõ Ó˚yÜ ˆîÖyÎ˚ x¢ˆÏhs˘˛y°Ï Óy î%ÉÖ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛–

9 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 10 õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ !üü%Ó˚y x!ïÑ˛ xyˆÏÓÜ≤ÃÓí £Î˚– ì˛yÓ˚y xì˛ƒhs˘˛ ¢%Ö ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !ò!Óv ¸ î%ÉÖ/£ì˛yüy/Ó˚yˆÏÜ o%ì˛ â˛ˆÏú ÎyÎ˚– ~£z xyˆÏÓˆÏÜÓ˚ x!fiÌÓ˚ì˛y Îì˛›˛y ≤ÃÑ˛yü ˛ôyÎ˚ ì˛ì˛›˛y !üü%Ó˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚

11 õye ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÓÜ !òÎ˚s˛fˆÏíÓ˚ ˆÑ˛Ôüú !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆÑ˛ÔüúÜ% ÏúyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü

ᛲyÎ˚– x˛ôÓ˚ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ xy ÏÓÜ ¶˛y Ïúy¶˛y ÏÓ ˜ì˛Ó˚# £Î˚– ≤ÃyÎ˚ 12 õy Ï¢Ó˚ ¢õÎ˚ñ !üü%Ó˚y ü%ï%õye

x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yü¶˛AÜ# ãyòˆÏÓ òyñ ÓÓ˚Ç ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ xyˆÏÓˆÏÜÓ˚ hfl˛ÏÓ˚ñ ≤Ãïyòì˛ £ì˛yüy K˛yì˛

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ˆòy›˛

14 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

£ˆÏÓ– ~›˛y ˆòy›˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y xyò®îyÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÎ !Ñ˛ä%È !üü% !£Ç¢y ≤Ãîü≈ò ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~£z ≤ÃÌõ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚

ˆü Ï°Ïñ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 12 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢– !mì˛#Î˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆüˆÏ°Ï ˆÎˆÏ£ì% ì˛yÓ˚y ›˛úõú ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ £§y›˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ñ

ì˛y£z ì˛yÓ˚y xyˆÏÓˆÏÜÓ˚ v˛zߨÎ˚í ᛲyÎ˚ Îy ì˛yÓ˚y £z!ì˛õˆÏïƒ ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚y â˛y!úˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

õ Ïïƒ £z!ì˛õ Ïïƒ !äÈú– 13 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 18 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ ˛ô,ÌÑ˛ v˛zˆÏmÜ â˛y˛ôy !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ Óhfl%˛

fiÌyÎ˚#¶˛yˆÏÓ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓyˆÏG˛ òy ~õò!Ñ˛ ÎÖò ì˛yÓ˚y

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆîÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÎ˚ òy– ~›˛yÁ ~Ñ˛›˛y !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆ¢£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏⲠ¢ÇÑ ˛yõòã!òì˛

!Ó°ÏÎ˚Óhfl%˛ !£¢yˆÏÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎõò ˛ôü% ÏîÓ˚ Óy Ñ˛¡∫úˆÏÑ˛ ã!v˛¸ ÏÎ˚ ïÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ˆ¶˛yúyˆÏì˛

Óy üyhs˘˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ÎÖò ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆ¢ÖyˆÏò ÌyˆÏÑ˛ òy– 15 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 18 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ ›˛úõú

!üü%Ó˚y ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ xòƒ xyˆÏÓÜ≤ÃÓí¶˛yˆÏÓ xyˆÏ®y!úì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚ñ ì˛yÓ˚y ãμyúyì˛ò

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢£ã¶˛yˆÏÓ £ì˛yüy@˘ÃfiÌ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ÓîˆÏõãyã ˆîÖyÎ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÓ܈ÏÑ˛

≤Ãîü≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ– ›˛úõú !üü%Ó˚y 21 õy¢ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢ Ñ˛õ ãμyúyì˛òÑ˛yÓ˚# £Î˚ ~ÓÇ x!ïÑ˛ xyÓ˚yõ!≤ÃÎ˚

£Î˚– ~£z ¢õÎ˚Á !üü%Ó˚y ÎÖò ˆÑ˛yò Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Óy òì% ò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ˆÑ˛yò !Ñ˛ä%È ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ

ì˛_¥yÓïyÎ˚ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ xò%ˆÏõyîˆÏòÓ˚ !îˆÏÑ˛ ì˛y!Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛Öò ›˛úõú !üü%Ó˚y fl˛∫ÈÙȈâ˛ì˛òì˛yÓ˚ !òîü≈ò

≤Ãîü≈ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ ›˛úõú !üü%Ó˚y xˆÏòÑ˛ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ xyˆÏÓÜ ˆîÖyˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÓÜÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛– Óyhfl˛Ï!ÓÑ˛˛ôˆÏ«˛ñ ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ›˛úõú !üü%Ó˚y ˆÎ›˛y â˛yÎ˚ ì˛y ˛ôyÁÎ˚yÓ˚

ãòƒ ~õò!Ñ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È xò%¶) !ì˛Ó˚ !õ̃y !ÓÓÓ˚í ¢yãyˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yÓ˚y ãyˆÏò ˆÎ Î!î ì˛yÓ˚y ˛ôˆÏv ¸

ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ xyáyì˛ ˛ôyÁÎ˚yÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ S~õò!Ñ˛ Î!î ì˛yÓ˚y xy£ì˛ òyÁ £Î˚Vñ ì˛yÓ˚y ü%◊)°Ïy

˛ôyˆÏÓ– Îy£zˆÏ£yÑ˛ñ ~õò!Ñ˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚£z ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á õyò!¢Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !Ó˛ôÎ≈hfl˛Ï ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏÓ

Îy ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òÎ˚s˛fˆÏíÓ˚ K˛yòˆÏÑ˛ òT˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÎ˚ Óy ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yïyÓ˚í Ó˚%!›˛òˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

!mì˛#Î˚ ãß√!î ÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈyÑ˛y!äÈ ¢õ ÏÎ˚ñ ˛ô ÏÓ˚Ó˚ î%É ÏÖ !ò Ïã ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ î%ÉÖ# Óy ¢õõõ≈# £Î˚ÈÙÙÙÈì˛y ˆîÖy

ˆîÎ˚– ÎÖò ì˛yÓ˚y ˆÑ˛yò¶˛yˆÏÓ Ñ˛yv˛z ÏÑ˛ xyáyì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ x˛ôÓ˚yï fl˛∫#Ñ˛yˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎy܃ì˛y ¢¡ôߨ £Î˚

ì˛Öò ì˛yÓ˚y ˆõ Ïò ˆòÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆÎy܃ì˛y¢¡ôߨ £Î˚–

(ii) ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓyúƒÑ˛yú S2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛V

1. ˜î!£Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ˜üüÓÑ˛y ÏúÓ˚ õ Ïì˛y 2 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ¢õˆÏÎ˚ !üü%Ó˚ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ õyey o%ì˛ì˛Ó˚ £Î˚ òy– ~Ñ˛ãò ˜Ñ˛ˆÏüyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆîˆÏ£Ó˚ xò% ôyì˛ @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

!üü%Ó˚– ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !îˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ó,!Âï o%ì˛ áˆÏ›˛ ~ÓÇ ˆõy›˛ v zFâ˛ì˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ xˆÏï≈Ñ˛ £Î˚– õyÌyÓ˚ xLjÏüÓ˚ Ó,!Âï

ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ áˆÏ›˛ ~ÓÇ ˆîˆÏ£Ó˚ õïƒ xLjÏüÓ˚ Ó,!Âï õyG˛yÓ˚# ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ £Î˚– ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ !ì˛ò ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚

˛ô%Ó˚%°Ï !üü%Ó˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ Áãò 33 ˛ôyv˛z[˛ ~ÓÇ v˛zFâ˛ì˛y £Î˚ 38 £z!M˛– Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y Áã Ïò ¢yõyòƒ Ñ˛õ

Á v zFâ˛ì˛yÎ˚ ¢yõyòƒ ˆäÈy›˛ £Î˚– 5 ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ õˆÏïƒñ ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ Üv ¸ v zFâ˛ì˛y 43 £z!M˛ ~ÓÇ Üv ¸ Áãò

43 ˛ôyv z[˛ £Î˚– v zFâ˛ì˛y Á ÁˆÏãyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ òyòy Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ᛲˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈ!˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚

v˛zFâ˛ì˛yñ ˛ô%!T˛ñ x¢%fiÌì˛y £zì˛ƒy!î– ˜îá≈ƒ Á v˛zFâ˛ì˛yÓ˚ x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛ ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ xyˆÏÓ˚y

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ó˚Ñ˛ˆÏõÓ˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á üyÓ˚#Ó˚Ó,_#Î˚ !ÓÑ˛yü áˆÏ›˛– ˆ˛ô!ü Ö%Ó o%ì˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ˜ã!ÓÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òñ

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ˆòy›˛

15506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈŸªy¢≤ߪy¢ñ £,îÎ Ïs˛fÓ˚ Ü!ì˛ £…y¢ ˛ôyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ Ó˚=˛ â˛y˛ô !òÎ˚!õì˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ~£z ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚

õ Ïïƒ ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚flÒ ÏîÓ˚ õ!hfl Ï Ï‹ÒÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 90% ܇˛ò £ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– õ!hfl˛ÏˆÏ‹ÒÓ˚ !òÑ˛›˛Óì≈˛# fl˛¨yÎ˚%ìs˛fÜ%!ú

≤Ãyщ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆü°Ï !îˆÏÑ˛£z ˛ô)í≈ì˛y úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

2. ¢Ç ÏÓîòü#úì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤Ãyщ ÓyúƒÑ˛y Ïú£z !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ó˚Ñ˛ ÏõÓ˚ ¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛ ì˛y ˜ì˛!Ó˚ £Î˚

Îy ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô%òÓ˚yÓ,!_ áˆÏ›˛– !òˆÏãÓ˚ ÖyÁÎ˚yñ ˆ˛ôy°ÏyÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ïyò Ñ˛Ó˚yñ fl˛¨yò Ñ˛Ó˚yñ â%˛ú x§yâ˛v˛¸yˆÏòyñ

ˆÖúòy !îˆÏÎ˚ ˆÖúyñ ˆ˛ôò!¢ˆÏúÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ úyö˛yˆÏòyñ ~Ñ˛ÈÙÈ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ úyö˛yˆÏòy £zì˛ƒy!î 5/6 ÓäȈÏÓ˚£z

!üü% Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ü%Ó% £Î˚ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒÑ˛Ó˚í Á ¢Ç£!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ Üí !Ó≤’Ó ˆÌˆÏÑ˛–

2 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 5 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚í!Ó!ï !ò Ï¡¨Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛yÎ˚ ≤Ãî_ £ú ı

¢M˛yúò 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ 3 ÓäÈÓ˚ 4 Á 5 ÓäÈÓ˚

!ÓÑ˛yü ¢y£y΃ äÈyv˛¸y £§y›˛y úyö˛yˆÏòyñ ~Ñ˛ ˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ¢AÜ#ˆÏì˛ ¢yv˛¸y !îˆÏÎ˚

úyö˛yˆÏòyñ ˆî§Ôv˛¸yˆÏòy úyö˛yˆÏòy fl ∫yï#ò Á ¢!Ñ  Î˚ Ü!ì˛

õˆÏòyÓ˚õ òÑ˛ú Ñ˛Ó˚y ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÎy!Üì˛yÓ˚ xyÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó˚ ÏàÓ˚ òyõÑ˛Ó˚í

¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛ !î Ïì˛ ¢yî,üƒ ~ÓÇ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y–

¢õß∫Î˚¢yïò ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ ˆîÖy

¢ÇˆÏÓîòü#úì˛y xÓˆÏâ˛ì˛ò õˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ ãyúñ Óy: v˛z ôÎ%=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y xyÑ˛yÓ˚ Á Ó˚Ç

˛ôÓ˚fl˛ôÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚yÈÙÈ !õúyˆÏòy òyˆÏõÓ˚

ü#ú !òãfl ∫ v z ôyîyòñ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒÑ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y

Ó˚ÇÈÙÈ!õúÑ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y–

ü∑Ñ˛Ó˚í 200 ü∑ Ñ˛!ì˛˛ôÎ˚ 900 ü∑ñ !òˆÏî≈ü xò%ÈÙ 2000 ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 3000È

ü∑ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚– ¢Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y– ü∑ 4 ¢ÇÖƒy ˛ô%òÓ˚yÈÙÈ

Ó,!_ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y–

ÚÚx!¶˛ ÏÎyãòõ)úÑ˛ ܇˛òõ)úÑ˛ ü∑Ü%!úÓ˚

xyâ˛Ó˚íÛÛ ¢ÇK˛y ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛

˛ôyÓ˚y–

Page 23: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

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16 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

3. ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ı !üü%Ó˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ü%Ó˚% £Î˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ãˆÏß√Ó˚ Ñ˛yߨyÓ˚ ü∑ !îˆÏÎ˚– îü õy¢

ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ !üü% ~Ñ˛!›˛ ü∑ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢õÌ≈ £Î˚ !Ñ˛hs%˛ ≤ÃÌõ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆüˆÏ°Ïñ ì˛yÓ˚ ü∑¶˛y[˛yÓ˚

3 Óy 4!›˛ üˆÏ∑ ÓyˆÏv ¸– ¶˛yˆÏúy Óy!v ¸Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ~ÓÇ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓyúƒÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ ≤Ã!ü«˛í ü∑¶˛y[˛yÓ˚

Óyv ¸yˆÏì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !òˆÏ¡¨Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛y ü∑¶˛y[˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ˆîÖyÎ˚ ı

ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ ÓäÈÓ˚ ü∑ ¶˛y[˛yÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ ÓäÈÓ˚ ü∑ ¶˛y[˛yÓ˚

1 ÓäÈÓ˚ 3 4 ÓäÈÓ˚ 1560

2 ÓäÈÓ˚ 272 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ 2562

3 ÓäÈÓ˚ 896

4. ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı !üü%Ó˚ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ o%ì˛ì˛Ó˚ £Î˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ì˛Öò

ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ˛ô%Cyò%˛ô%C Ó˚)ˆÏ˛ô ˛ôÓ˚#«˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ òì%˛ò x!¶˛K˛ì˛y

xã≈ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !ò Ï¡¨ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãïyò ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ% Ïúy ˆîÁÎ˚y £ Ïúy ı

SÑ˛V !üü%Ó˚y ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Óyhfl˛ÏÓ ïyÓ˚íy ܇˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

SÖV äÈÎ˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ !üü%Ó˚y xyÑ˛yÓ˚ñ ܇˛òñ Ó˚Çñ ¢õÎ˚ Á î)Ó˚c v z ôú!kï Óyv ¸yˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

SÜV fl˛øÓ˚í ü!=˛ xì˛ƒhs˘˛ o%ì˛ Ü!ì˛ˆÏì˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– !üü%Ó˚y Îs˛fÓÍ õ%ÖˆÏfiÌÓ˚ õyÏõ !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

SáV !üü% ÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ¢,ãòü#úì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü áˆÏ›˛– Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y ≤ÃÑ˛yü ˛ôyÎ˚–

SàV õ)ì≈˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚!¶˛!_Ñ˛ !â˛hs˘˛y Á !Óâ˛yÓ˚Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ «˛õì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü áˆÏ›˛–

Sâ˛V õˆÏòyˆÏÎyˆÏÜÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚ ¢yì˛ !õ!ò›˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ Ñ%˛!v˛¸ !õ!ò›˛ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüˆÏÑ˛

ãyòyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ˆÑ˛Ôì) £ú Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

SäÈV ~£z hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !üü% ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ¢ÇˆÏÑ˛ì˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˆüˆÏÖ– ˆÖúyÓ˚ Óhfl% x§yÑ˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ

¢õ¢ƒy ¢õyïy Ïò !ò ÏÎ˚y!ãì˛ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

SãV !üü% ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ òyòy ≤ß¿ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

5. ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ~Ñ˛›˛y !üü% ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎÖyˆÏò ì˛yÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛c

¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !òÎ˚õ xò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ ܈Ïv ¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛ ı

SÑ˛V !üü% ÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Á ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü !ÓŸªy¢ Á x!ÓŸªyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ïyÓ˚íy ܈Ïv ¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛–

SÖV !üü% ÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ fl ∫ÈÙÈüy¢ò ˆÓyï ܈Ïv ¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛– ì˛yÓ˚y fl ∫yï#ò¶˛yˆÏÓ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü xy!Ó‹ÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚

ãòƒ ºõí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

SÜV Ü,£ ˆäÈ Ïv ¸ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü ≤ây!Ó˚ì˛ £Î˚–

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17506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

SáV ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÈÙÙÙÈv z¶˛ ÏÎ˚£z ˆÑ˛yò ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ äÈyv ¸y ~Ñ˛¢ ÏAÜ ˆÖúy Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ì˛yÓ˚y î Ïúñ ˆÖúyï)úyÎ˚

ˆÎÖyˆÏò üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ü!=˛ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £Î˚ ˆÎõò ú%Ñ˛yˆÏòyñ ˆÖ§yãy £zì˛ƒy!îˆÏì˛ ¢!Ñ  Î˚¶˛yˆÏÓ xÇü@˘Ã£í

Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

SàV ì˛yÓ˚y x˛ôÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢£ˆÏÎy!Üì˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˆüˆÏÖ ~ÓÇ Órï%c Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ fl˛∫yÌ≈ ¶˛yˆÏÜ ~ÓÇ ~Ñ˛£zÓ˚Ñ˛õ

Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚ ˜Ó!ü ÏT˛ƒ–

Sâ˛V Ó) ôÑ˛ÌyÓ˚ Ü“ Á ˛ôü% ÏîÓ˚ Ü Ï“Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ xy@˘Ã£ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

SäÈV !ì˛ò ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ äÈÎ˚ ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ òy!hfl˛ÏÑ˛ì˛yÓyî Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ~›˛y ~Ñ˛›˛y ¢yõy!ãÑ˛

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ö˛úfl ∫Ó) ô– ~›˛y Óúy £Î˚ ˆÎ !üü%Ó˚y Îì˛ ˆÓ!ü ≤ÃyÆÓÎ˚flÒ ÏîÓ˚ £hfl Ï Ï«˛˛ô myÓ˚y £ì˛yüy@˘ÃfiÌ

£ˆÏÓ ì˛ì˛ ˆÓ!ü ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚ˆÏí òy!hfl˛ÏÑ˛ƒì˛y ˆîÖy ÎyˆÏÓ–

SãV ˆÖúyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ÓyúÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü Ñ˛ì≈, c Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

SG˛V !üü% ì˛yÓ˚ !Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ xò%ˆÏõyîò â˛yÎ˚–

6. ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ã#ÓˆÏò ~Ñ˛ !ÓˆÏü°Ï ¶) !õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚

Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢õß∫Î˚ !‡˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Î!î ì˛yÓ˚y fl ∫yfiÌƒÑ˛Ó˚ Ó!£É≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏü ˛ô!Ó˚â˛y!úì˛ £Î˚–

≤à ϫ˛y¶˛Ü%!úÓ˚ !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ ≤ö˛yÓ Ìy ÏÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ı

SÑ˛V ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ ã#ÓˆÏò !ò!î≈T˛ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ ˆõyÑ˛y!Óúy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü!=˛ ˆîÎ˚–

SÖV ˙Ü%!ú xyõy ÏîÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ ˆ≤ðÏíyÓ˚ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

SÜV ≤Ãyì˛ƒ!£Ñ˛ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢õß∫ ÏÎ˚ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

SáV ˙Ü%!ú ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢õß∫ ÏÎ˚ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

SàV v zFⲠxyˆÏÓܲô)í≈ xÓfiÌy õyò!¢Ñ˛ ¶˛yÓ˚¢yõƒñ Î%!=˛ !Ó!á¯ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ !â˛hs˘˛yÈÙȶ˛yÓòy â) í≈ÈÙÈ!Óâ) í≈

Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

Sâ˛V Óƒ!=˛ ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ xy ÏÓÜ ˆÎyÜy ÏÎy ÏÜÓ˚ õyïƒõ !£¢y ÏÓ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Óƒ!=˛ ÏÑ˛ ˛ôÌ≤Ãîü≈ò

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ õyò v z˛ôˆÏÎyÜ# Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ v zˆÏjˆÏüƒ–

SäÈV £y!òÑ˛Ó˚ ≤à ϫ˛y¶˛ Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚ e%!›˛˛ô)í≈ ¢õß∫ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆòì, c ˆîÎ˚–

!ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Î˚ ı

SÑ˛V ≤à ϫ˛y¶˛ áò áò ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚–

SÖV ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ ≤ÃÑ˛y!üì˛ £Î˚ õ)ì≈˛ Óhfl% Ó˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛–

SÜV ì˛yÓ˚y «˛ífiÌyÎ˚#– ~Ó˚ xÌ≈ £ú !üü%Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ Ö%Ó o%ì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò ᛲyÎ˚– v zîy£Ó˚íì˛ñ

~Ñ˛!›˛ Ñ  ®òÓ˚ì˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ›˛!ö˛ !îˆÏúñ ˆ¢ Ö%!ü £Î˚–

SáV ≤ÃyÓ˚!Ω˛Ñ˛ Óyúƒhfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ v zj#˛ôˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ õyey xò%ÎyÎ˚# ≤Èϫ˛yˆÏ¶˛Ó˚ õyey !fiÌÓ˚ £Î˚ òy– ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛

≤ÃÑ˛yü â˛v ¸y õyeyÎ˚ £ ÏÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛–

SàV !üü%Ó˚y ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ ú%!Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚y«˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛úy Ï ôÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ– ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈÑ  ®òñ òÖÈÙȈ֧y›˛yñ xyà%ú ˆâ˛y°Ïy Á ˆì˛yì˛úy!õ–

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ˆòy›˛

18 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

Sâ˛V ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ ü!=˛Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò ᛲyÎ˚– ˆÎ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛Ü%!ú xì˛ƒhs˘˛ ¢Óú !äÈú ˆÑ˛yò ~Ñ˛ !ò!î≈T˛

ÓÎ˚ Ï¢ ˆ¢Ü%!ú î%Ó≈ú £Î˚ ÎÖò !üü% Óy Ïv ¸– xyÓyÓ˚ xòƒ ˆÎÜ%!ú î%Ó≈ú !äÈú ì˛yÓ˚y ¢Óú £Î˚– ~£z

˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òÜ%!ú ü!=˛Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òñ !üü%Ó˚ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ xy@˘Ã£ Á õ)úƒˆÏÓyˆÏïÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ˆÏòÓ˚

ö˛ˆÏú áˆÏ›˛–

(iii) ≤Ãyhs˘˛#Î˚ ÓyúƒÑ˛yú S6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚V

≤Ãy!hs˘˛Î˚ ÓyúƒÑ˛yú ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ ˛ôÓ≈– ~£z ¢õÎ˚ ÎÖò ÓyúˆÏÑ˛Ó˚y ≤ÃyÎ˚£z ¢æõ ˆõüyˆÏòy

¶˛!=˛¶˛yˆÏÓ xyâ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y Á !ü«˛Ñ˛Ó˚y ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ !ÓÓ˚=˛ˆÏÓyï

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ !Ó˛ôÓ˚#ì˛Á áˆÏ›˛– ~›˛y ~Ñ˛›˛y ¢õÎ˚ ˆÎ!›˛Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y Á !ü«˛Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ myÓ˚y

¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !ò Ïî≈üòy Á ˛ôÓ˚yõü≈ ¢õy Ïã ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ Î ÏÌT˛ ¢õß∫ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ– 8 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚

ÓÎ˚¢ õyòÓ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ xò% ôõ ¢õÎ˚ ܇˛ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚¢# ÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ xyÑ˛yÓ˚ Á Á Ïãy ÏòÓ˚ õ Ïì˛y

Ó%!Âï xã≈ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ~¢õÎ˚ fl ∫yfĩ ≤ÃyÎ˚£z ¢Ó≈y!ïÑ˛ ¶˛yú ÌyˆÏÑ˛ñ õ£yò Ñ˛yÎ≈ƒÑ˛úy˛ô ~ÓÇ !Ó!¶˛ß¨

ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ xy ÏÜÓ˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xÌÓy ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ Ñ˛Ö Ïòy £Î˚!ò ~ÓÇ xq$ì˛ ˜ïÎ≈ƒñ ã#Óò#ü!=˛

~ÓÇ Ñœ˛y!hs˘˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓ˚yï Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– Óy!òÓ˚ Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ Óy£zˆÏÓ˚ !üü% ì˛yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y !òãfl˛∫ ã#Óò ܈Ïv˛¸

ˆì˛yˆÏú ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛Üì˛ xò%Ó˚yÜ ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚flÒˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ fl ∫yï#ˆÏòÓ˚ õˆÏì˛y Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy £Î˚ òy–

xÌ≈yÍ fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ xy@˘Ã£ ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚flÒ ÏîÓ˚ ≤ö˛yÓ õ%=˛ £ Ïì˛ â˛yÎ˚–

1. ˜î!£Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı v z_Ó˚ ÓyúƒÑ˛yˆÏú ˜îá≈ƒ Á ÁˆÏãyò Ó,!Âï ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ £Î˚– Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ˜î!£Ñ˛

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏü î%ÈÙÈÓäÈÓ˚ ~!܈ÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ˆîˆÏ£Ó˚ ¢Ó xyò% ôy!ì˛Ñ˛ £yˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò ˆîÖy ˆîÎ˚– ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢

ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ˆÓ˚yÜõ%=˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛– ˆî£ì˛_¥Üì˛¶˛y ÏÓ 11 ÓÍ¢ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢ ¢¡ô)í≈

~Ñ˛ ÓäÈÓ˚ ~!Ü ÏÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛ ÓyúÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ ì% úòyÎ˚– ˜üü ÏÓÓ˚ î% ÏïÈÙÈî§yì˛ ˆ¶˛ ÏAÜ ÎyÎ˚– fiÌyÎ˚# î§yì˛ ˜ì˛Ó˚#

£Î˚– õ%Öõ[˛ˆÏúÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò áˆÏ›˛ó Ñ˛˛ôyú â˛Áv ¸y £Î˚ñ òyÑ˛ ì˛#«¯˛ £Î˚ñ Ó%Ñ˛ â˛Áv ¸y £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ˆÖúyÓ˚

õyïƒ Ïõ â˛úò ì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü á Ï›˛– ú«˛ƒí#Î˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈ ò !ò Ï¡¨ ≤Ãî_ £ Ïúy ı

Ñ˛V £yˆÏì˛Ó˚ Ñ˛yˆÏãÓ˚ ì˛y Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚ó

ÖV ü!=˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚ó

ÜV Ñœ˛y!hs˘˛ ¢£ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y ÓyˆÏv˛¸ó ~ÓÇ

áV ˆÖúy ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ì˛y Á ¢!£°÷Ï$ì˛y Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

Ñ˛ˆÏ‡˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚◊ˆÏõÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y ˜î!£Ñ˛ â˛y!£îy ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚– x!fiÌ¢õ)£ ˆ˛ô!üÜ%!ú !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ

â˛â≈ yÓ˚ ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚– 9 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 11 ÓäȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ â) v˛¸yhs˘˛ Ü!ì˛ü#úì˛y fiÌyò ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ fiÌyòyhs˘˛ˆÏÓ˚

ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚ñ Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy £§yˆÏ›˛ òyñ ¢Ó≈îy ˆîÔv˛¸yÎ˚ñ Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy ˆîÔv˛¸yÎ˚ òy ÓÓ˚Ç ì˛yÓ˚y úyö˛yÎ˚ Óy ¢Ó≈îy

˛x!ïÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚◊ˆÏõÓ˚ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

2. ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı äÈÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ÓyˆÏÓ˚y ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚¢#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚Ñ˛yˆÏú ˆÎ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò áˆÏ›˛

ì˛y !òˆÏ¡¨ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú ı

Ñ˛V ÓyúÑ˛ !òˆÏãÓ˚ Á Ó!£!Ó≈ˆÏŸªÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ ˛ô!Ó˚flÒyÓ˚¶˛yˆÏÓ Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆ¢ ì˛yÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü Óyhfl˛ÏÓì˛y ˆÖ§yˆÏã–

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ˆòy›˛

19506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

ÖV 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ≤ÃyÑ, !ì˛Ñ˛ !òÎ˚õÜ%!ú ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ïyÓ˚íy ≤ÃyÎ˚ ¢¡ô)í≈ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Î˚–

ÜV ~£z ÓÎ˚ Ï¢£z ì˛Ìƒ ¢Ç@˘Ã£ Á !â˛hs˘˛y¶˛yÓòyÜ%!ú xydfiÌ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ xy@˘Ã£ ˆîÖy ˆîÎ˚– ≤ÃÌyÜì˛

!ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛y ü%Ó˚% £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú !üÖò Á fl˛ø,!ì˛Ó˚ v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

áV Î%!=˛@˘Ãy£ƒ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ÓyúˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ñ  õüÉ x!¶˛K˛ì˛y ÓyˆÏv˛¸

!fiÌÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ñ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛Á K˛yòõ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ  õ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ õ)ì≈˛ Óhfl% Ó˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚–

àV !ÓK˛yò!¶˛!_Ñ˛ Ü“ ~ÓÇ Îy!s˛fÑ˛ ≤Ã!Ñ  Î˚yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ≤Ãâ˛[˛ xy@˘Ã£ ¢,!T˛ £Î˚–

â˛V ¢y£¢ Á xyò%Üì˛ƒ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ˆäȈÏúˆÏõˆÏÎ˚Ó˚y !ã!ò¢ ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢y£¢ ˆîÖyÎ˚–

äÈV xòƒ ˆÖúyÓ˚ ì% úòyÎ˚ Ñ˛y“!òÑ˛ ˆÖúyÜ%!ú x!ïÑ˛ì˛Ó˚ ˛ôäÈ® Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

ãV Óyhfl˛ÏÓ !ӰψÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Óyhfl˛ÏÓ Óhfl%˛ñ ˜ÓK˛y!òÑ˛ Á Üy!í!ì˛Ñ˛ ì˛Ìƒ Á xú#Ñ˛ Ñ˛y!£ò#Ó˚

ˆÖ§yãyÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚í Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

G˛V ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ≤ÃyÑ,˛!ì˛Ñ˛ Á Îy!s˛fÑ˛ Á ≤ÃyÑ,˛!ì˛Ñ˛ £z!wÎ˚ˆÏÜyâ˛Ó˚ Óhfl%˛Ó˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ !â˛hs˘˛yÓ˚

¢yõ!Î˚Ñ˛ ¢¡ôÑ≈ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

~åV 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ Ñ˛y“!òÑ˛ ¶˛#!ì˛Ü%!ú î)Ó˚ £Î˚–

›˛V 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢ ≤ÃyÎ˚£z ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢yõyòƒ#Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ «˛õì˛y Î ÏÌT˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚–

ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ˆÓü# Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¢Çfl ÀÓ Ó˚yˆÏÖ ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛ Ñ˛yÓ˚í Á ö˛úyö˛ú ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ~ÓÇ

Óì≈˛õyˆÏò â˛yú% ᛲòy ¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ–

‡˛V ~£z ¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ õò ¢õ¢ƒy ¶˛y Ïúy Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ ˜ì˛Ó˚# £Î˚– ˆ¢

Î%!=˛ ¢£Ñ˛yˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y ¢õ¢ƒy !ӈϟ’°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ  Î˚yÜ%!ú

 Á ≤Ãì˛#!Ñ˛ ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢õÌ≈ £Î˚– ì˛yÓ˚y ˆÓü !Ñ˛ä%È ≤Ã!Ñ  Î˚y Óy !òÎ˚õñ

ˆÎÜ%!ú Î%!=˛˛ô)í≈ñ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ¢«˛õ £Î˚ Î!îÁ ˆ¢Ü%!ú õ)ì≈ –

3. ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ≤à ϫ˛yì˛¢õ)£ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ Ö%Ó£z Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈– ≤à ϫ˛y¶˛ äÈyv ¸y ã#Óò

~Ñ˛ˆÏáˆÏÎ˚ Á !òfl˛±¶˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– !üü%Ó˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ˆÏò ˆ¢Ü%!ú ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚– ~£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚

≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!ú !òˆÏ¡¨ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú ı

Ñ˛V ≤ÃÌõ ÓyúƒÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛yˆÏ¶˛Ó˚ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚– ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˆü°Ï¶˛yˆÏÜ

Óyú ÏÑ˛Ó˚y ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ xò%ÎyÎ˚# xy ÏÓÜ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ¢«˛õ £Î˚–

ÖV ÓyúˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛õ)úÑ˛ ãÓyÓ Ñ˛õ äÈv ¸yˆÏòyñ ~ˆÏúyˆÏõˆÏúy Á ˆÓˆÏäÈ xyúyîy Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ òy–

ÜV xyˆÏÓÜ ≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏü Óhfl% Ó˚ v z ô!fiÌ!ì˛ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ òÎ˚–

áV ÓyúƒÑ˛y Ïú ≤à ϫ˛y¶˛Ü%!ú ¢Ó≈y Ï ô«˛y ¢ÇÑ  yõÑ˛ñ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ¢yÇáy!ì˛Ñ˛ !â˛hs˘˛yü#ú

Á x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú–

àV ˜üüÓÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ ˛ôü% ÏîÓ˚ ¶˛#!ì˛ñ v zFâ˛fiÌyò ¶˛#!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ü∑¶˛#!ì˛ î)Ó˚ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ xy!îˆÏ¶˛Ô!ì˛Ñ˛

¶˛Î˚ñ Ñ˛y“!òÑ˛ ã#ˆÏÓÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ¶˛Î˚ñ ˛ôˆÏv ¸ ÎyÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ¶˛Î˚ñ v z ô£y¢ƒ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ Á xyúyîy¶˛yˆÏÓ

î,!T˛ ÏÜyâ˛Ó˚ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ¶˛Î˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛òy–

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ˆòy›˛

20 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

â˛V Ñ˛yˆÏã Óyïyñ xòƒ ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ fl˛∫yÌ≈!Óá¯Ñ˛yÓ˚# ì% úòy !›˛!ãÇñ â˛yú% Ñ˛yˆÏã £hfl˛ÏˆÏ«˛˛ôñ

Óv ¸ˆÏîÓ˚ Óy Órï%ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ v˛z ô£y¢ ~ÓÇ ì˛y!FäÈúƒ £zì˛ƒy!î ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÑ  yˆÏïÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í

£Î˚–

äÈV !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô«˛˛ôyì˛ {°Ï≈y v˛zˆÏoÑ˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

ãV Óy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe {°Ï≈y ˆÓ!ü ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚ñ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ˆ◊í#Ñ˛ Ï«˛ ÓyúÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ ˛ô«˛˛ôyì˛õ)úÑ˛

xyâ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚–

G˛V xyò®ñ v zÕ‘y¢ñ ¶˛yúÓy¢yñ î%ÉÖ ~ÓÇ ˆfl Àò ÓyúƒÑ˛y Ïú ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚–

4. ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü ı ˜üü ÏÓ ¢yõyã#Ñ˛Óí Ü,£ÈÙÈ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ Ïü ¢#õyÓÂï Ìy ÏÑ˛– ÓyúƒÓΠϢ !Óîƒyú ÏÎ

≤ÈÏÓü Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú ˆ¢ Ó,£Í ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüË ¢¡ø%Ö#ò £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ¢yõyã#Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ˆ«˛e!›˛ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ì˛y

úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ≤Ãïyò ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òÜ%!ú !òˆÏ¡¨ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú ı

Ñ˛V ~£z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ¢Ó˚ fl ∫ÈÙÈ!úA܈ÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y îú ܇˛ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Ü, Ï£Ó˚ Óy£z ÏÓ˚ ì˛y

Ìy ÏÑ˛– ~£z îú (peer group) ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛y Ïü Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ¶) !õÑ˛y @˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

ÖV !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ Á Ü, Ï£ ~›˛y£z ≤Ãâ˛[˛ !òÎ˚õÈÙÈü,Cúy£#ò ¢õÎ˚–

ÜV ~£z ÓÎ˚ Ï¢£z xÓyïƒì˛yÓ˚ ᛲòy ¢Ó ÏⲠÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!ü ˆîÖy ÎyÎ˚–

áV ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚flÒˆÏîÓ˚ õyò Óy!ì˛ú Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Órï% ÏîÓ˚ Ó,_ ≤ây!Ó˚ì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

àV ÓÎ˚É¢!rï«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ !Ñ˛ˆÏüyÓ˚ÈÙÈ!Ñ˛ˆÏüyÓ˚#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!ü Ñ˛ì≈˛ˆÏÓƒ xӈϣúy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

â˛V ˆÎÔò ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ ì˛#«¯˛ £Î˚– Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y Óy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ˆÖúyï)úy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ÓyúÑ˛Ó˚y ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚

¢ˆÏAÜ ˆÖúyï)úy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– Ñ  #v ¸y Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ  ˆÏõ !úAÜ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ÓyúÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

ˆÓ!ü ≤Ã!ì˛m!®¥˛ £Î˚–

äÈV ÓyúÑ˛Ó˚y Óy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ x!ïÑ˛ !ÓˆÏoy£# £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ îú Óy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ îˆÏúÓ˚

ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ x!ïÑ˛ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £Î˚–

ãV ~£z hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y îúÜì˛ Ñ ˛#v˛¸yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ xyÑ,˛T˛ £Î˚– ÓyúÑ˛ Á Óy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ îú ܇˛ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ îúÜì˛ ˆâ˛ì˛òyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü áˆÏ›˛–

ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y Ñ˛õ fl ∫yÌ≈˛ôÓ˚ñ xydˆÏÑ˛!wÑ˛ Á xyÑ  õíÑ˛yÓ˚# £Î˚– !Ñ˛hs%˛ x!ïÑ˛ ¢£ˆÏÎyÜ#

Á Ó!£õ≈%Ö# £Î˚–

G˛V ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˆâ˛ì˛òy Ö%Ó o%ì˛ Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ~›˛y ÏÑ˛ Óúy ÎyÎ˚ Ú܃yÇ ÓÎ˚¢ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ¢õÎ˚ ÎÖò !üü%

¢õÓÎ˚flÒ îˆÏúÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ !òˆÏãˆÏÑ˛ Î%=˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !â˛hs˘˛y Á Ñ˛yˆÏã ì˛yÓ˚y ~Ñ˛– !üü% ܃yÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛

ì˛#Ó  xyò%Üì˛ƒ ≤Ãîü≈ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ˆ¢ ܃yÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ õyò ÏÑ˛ ˆõ Ïò ⲠÏú–

!ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ ı

1. !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¶˛yÓ≤ÃÓíì˛y ≤ÃÑ˛yü

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ v zÍ¢y!£ì˛ £ÁÎ˚y v z!â˛ì˛–

Page 28: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

21506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

2. Ü, Ï£ Á !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ !òÓ˚y˛ô_y Á fl ∫yï#òì˛y ˆîÁÎ˚y v z!â˛ì˛–

3. ˆÖ˘úyï)úyñ ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ  õ Á ÓòˆÏ¶˛yãˆÏò xÇü @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

4. ÓyúÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ Óy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ì% úòy òy Ñ˛Ó˚y–

5. ÎÖò xy˛ô!ò ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚yÈÙȈòÁÎ˚y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò xy˛ôòyÓ˚ î,!T˛¶˛!AÜ

Üíì˛y!s˛fÑ˛ £v zÑ˛–

6. ÓyúƒÑ˛y Ïú ÓyúÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ õyò% Ï°ÏÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ x!ïÑ˛ ˆõ˘úy ÏõüyÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛Ó˚y–

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¢ ÏAÜ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy Ñ˛Ó%ò–

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Ñ˛Ó%ò–

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ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ x˛ô!Ó˚˛ôE˛ Á fl˛∫“ ܇˛ˆÏòÓ˚–

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myÓ˚y x¢ˆÏhs˘˛y°Ï ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛ òÎ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ fl˛∫ÈÙÈx!¶˛Óƒ!=˛ñ !òÉ¢AÜì˛yñ Ü%Ó˚%c Á

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15. Ü ÏÓ°ÏíyÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛–

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Page 29: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

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22 D.El.Ed. 506

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Page 30: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

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ÜV !üÖò ì˛yÓ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È !îÑ˛~Ñ˛›˛y ¢M˛yúòõ)úÑ˛ ì˛y !üÖò xhs˘˛¶≈%˛=˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛w#Î˚ fl˛¨yÎ˚%ì˛s˛f ~ÓÇ ˆ˛ôü# Ñ˛y‡˛yˆÏõy v˛z¶˛Î˚ˆÏì˛

~ÓÇ xyhs˘˛Ó˚Îs˛f#Î˚ ˆ˛ôü#Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ fl ∫ÈÙÈüy!¢ì˛ fl ¨yÎ˚%ì˛s˛f– Ñ˛AÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ !Ñ  Î˚y o%ì˛ñ !ò!î≈T˛ ~ÓÇ ¢Ç!«˛Æ

£Î˚ñ â˛y!úˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ òy– x˛ôÓ˚!îˆÏÑ˛ vasomotor Óy õ¢,í ˆ˛ôü#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ  Î˚y ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ ï#ˆÏÓ˚

~ÓÇ â˛y!úˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ~›˛y ˛ô!Ó˚ÓƒÆ ~ÓÇ !Óhfl˛Ïy!Ó˚ì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ äÈ!v˛¸ ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– ˆ¢ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí xyõÓ˚y ¢#õyÓÂï

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚ òy xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ xò%¶˛ÓˆÏÑ˛– xyõÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚òy– ◊Óí

Ó,!ÂïˆÏì˛ ~›˛y xhs˘˛¶≈%˛=˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ì˛yÓ˚ !üÖò xhs˘˛¶≈%˛=˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ õ¢,í ˆ˛ôü#Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

ˆ˛ôü#ÈÙÈÑ˛AÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ  Î˚yÎ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò £Î˚– !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% v z Ï_ãòyÓ˚

â˛y˛ô xò%¶˛Ó Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– Ñ˛yÓ˚í ˆ¢ òì%˛ò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ myÓ˚y ¶˛Î˚ ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ xÌÓy ì˛yÓ˚y

Ó˚yÜ# £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ ˆ¢ òì%˛ò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇ ˆ¢ £ì˛Ó%!Âï xò%¶˛Ó Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

ÌyˆÏÑ˛– v˛zˆÏ_ãòyÓ˚ â˛yˆÏ˛ôÓ˚ v zˆÏjüƒ £ú !üü%Ó˚ ¢¡ôîÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢â˛ú Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ òì% ò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛

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24 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

¢y«˛yÍ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ v zˆÏjüƒ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛úyˆÏ˛ôÓ˚ ãòƒ ü!=˛ ≤Ãy!Æ ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚y– ö˛úfl˛∫Ó˚) ô ¢Ç܇˛ˆÏòÓ˚ x¶˛yˆÏÓ

!üü% ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– xòƒ!îˆÏÑ˛ñ Ó£% ˛ô%òÓ˚yÓ,!_Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚ ¢yõyòƒ x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#ò xhs˘˛¶≈% !=˛ õ¢,íñ ¢£ã

~ÓÇ ¶˛yÓ˚¢yõƒ Ñ˛yÎ≈ £Î˚– ˆÎ ˆÑ˛yò ì˛y !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆ≤ðÏíyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛yhs˘˛ ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò– ˆ≤ðÏíyÓ˚

¢Ó≈y!ïÑ˛ hfl ÏÓ˚ xÓüƒ£z fiÌy˛ôò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ÎÌyÎÌ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆ≤ðÏíy ˆõ Ïò â˛ú Ïì˛ £Î˚–

~ÖyˆÏò Á fiÌyòyhs˘˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ v˛z˛ôyîyò xyˆÏäÈ– ˆÎ Óƒ!=˛ òyòy ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ ì˛y !üˆÏÖˆÏäÈò !ì˛!ò

òì% ò ì˛y !üÖˆÏì˛ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ £ò xì˛ƒhs˘˛ ¢£ˆÏã– ~£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏÜ !ÓˆÏü°Ï ≤Ã!ü«˛í Ñ˛õ £ˆÏÎ˚

ÌyˆÏÑ˛ xÌÓy ˆÑ˛yò î#á≈ fiÌyÎ˚# ≤ö˛yÓ òÎ˚– ì˛yÓ˚ ã!›˛úì˛y Á !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ £yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ õˆÏì˛y â) v ¸yhs˘˛

ì˛yÓ˚ hfl˛ÏÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ¢Ó≈y!ïÑ˛ Ü%íõyò ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈ ¢¡ôyîˆÏòÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚

xˆÏòÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ ˆîÁÎ˚y v z!â˛ì˛– ~›˛yÁ ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ˆÜˆÏäÈ ˆÎ ÚÚõyò!¢Ñ˛ â˛â≈˛yÛÛ xˆÏòÑ˛›˛y ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe– Î!î !ü«˛yÌ≈# Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Á äÈ!Ó x§yˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏã£z ì˛y£ˆÏú !Ó!¶˛ß¨

â˛úò ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ì˛y ¶% ˆÏú ÎyÁÎ˚y x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õyÏõ Ñ˛õyˆÏòy ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

~ÓÇ ˛ôÓ≈ ˛ôˆÏÓ≈ ¢Ç!«˛Æ ¢õˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ â˛â≈˛y ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚yˆÏ£Ó˚ õyÏõÁ ¶% ˆÏú ÎyÁÎ˚y Ñ˛õyˆÏòy ÎyÎ˚– x!ïÑ˛

ã!›˛ú ì˛y !ü«˛ˆÏí xyˆÏúyÑ˛ !â˛e xì˛ƒhs˘˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#–

˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü õyò%ˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yüõyò õyeyÜ%!úˆÏÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈– ~›˛y ≤ÃyÎ˚£z

â˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü !£¢yˆÏÓ v˛z ÏÕ‘!Öì˛ £Î˚– ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ xyâ˛Ó˚í Óy â˛!Ó˚eˆÏÑ˛ !ÓˆÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚

Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xì˛ƒyÓüƒÑ˛ Ü%í !£¢y ÏÓ– õyò%°Ï ãß√ myÓ˚y ¢Fâ˛!Ó˚e Óy x¢Fâ˛!Ó˚e £Î˚ òy–

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ â˛!Ó˚e ܈Ïv ¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yñ xòƒyòƒ xyd#Î˚ñ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓü#Üíñ ˆ◊í# Á !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ ¢£˛ôy‡˛#ñ

x˛ôÓ˚ xhs˘˛Ó˚AÜ Órï%ñ ã%!v ¸ Órï% ~ÓÇ Ó,£_Ó˚ ¢õy ÏãÓ˚ ¢î¢ƒ ÏîÓ˚ £y Ïì˛–

â˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ v z ôyîyòÜ%!úÓ˚ Á˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú ı

1. Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ã#Ó!ÓK˛yò¢¡øì˛ Ü‡˛ò ≤Ãíyú#ó

2. ≤ÃyÑ,˛!ì˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüó

3. ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ≤ö˛yÓ¢õ)£ó

4. v z_Ó˚y!ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ¢) Ïe ≤ÃyÆ ¢Çfl,Ò!ì˛ ¢¡ô!_ó

5. üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ Á õyò!¢Ñ˛ fl ∫yfĩó

6. ˆÜy¤˛#Ó˚ !òÎ˚õÑ˛yò%òó

7. xyÌ≈ÈÙÈ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ xÓfiÌyó

8. v zߨ!ì˛¢yïÑ˛ Á ¢õˆÏÎ˚y˛ôˆÏÎyÜ# x!¶˛K˛ì˛y¢õ)£ó

9. ¢ Ïâ˛ì˛ò ≤Ã!ü«˛í ~ÓÇ

10. ÓÎ˚flÒ ¢î¢ƒÑ˛ì,≈ Ñ ≤Ãî_ xò% Ïõyîò Á üy!hfl Ï–

˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ â˛!Ó˚eÜì˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£˛ôÓ≈ xò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ â˛!Ó˚eÜì˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ !òˆÏ¡¨ v z ÏÕ‘!Öì˛ £ú ı

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25506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

˜üüÓ

● ã Ïß√Ó˚ ¢õÎ˚ !üü% ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ òy ¢Fâ˛!Ó˚e òy x¢Fâ˛!Ó˚e !£¢y ÏÓ–● ˆ¢ ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚íõò Á x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ˆÎy܃ì˛y !ò ÏÎ˚–● ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ ˛ô!Ó˚íõ ÏòÓ˚ ¢yö˛úƒ xì˛ƒyÓüƒÑ˛ !üü% !ò!î≈T˛ ïÓ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ ≤Ãîü≈ ÏòÓ˚ xy ÏÜ–● fl ∫ÈÙȘò!ì˛Ñ˛ì˛y Óy ¢ Ïâ˛ì˛ò !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛ì,≈ Ñ˛ !îÑ˛ !ò Ïî≈ Ïü xyhs˘˛ã≈y!ì˛Ñ˛ xò% Ïõyîò

~ÓÇ üy!hfl˛Ï ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚yˆÏ£Ó˚ ö˛ˆÏú ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ïÓ˚í Ü, Ï£ ˆüˆÏÖ–● ≤ÃyÑ˛ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ñ !ü«˛Ñ˛Ó˚y !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Îy xyüy!ß∫ì˛ xyâ˛Ó˚í v˛zß¨ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xò%ˆÏõyîò ~ÓÇ xò%ˆÏõyîòˆÏÓ˚ õyÏõ ~ÓÇ ¢õˆÏÎ˚y˛ôˆÏÎyÜ# ã#Óhs˘˛ x!¶˛K˛ì˛y¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚yˆÏ£Ó˚ myÓ˚y–

● xyò® Á ˆÓîòyÓ˚ ò#!ì˛Ó˚ õyÏõñ !üü% ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢õyˆÏãÓ˚ xò% ÏõyîòÁ ≤Ãì˛ƒüyÜ%!ú–

ÓyúƒÑ˛yú

● ~£z ¢õ ÏÎ˚ñ ¢£˛ôy‡˛# ÏîÓ˚ îú ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ xyâ˛Ó˚í !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ~Ñ˛ v z ÏÕ‘Ö ÏÎy܃¶) !õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !òÎ˚õü,Cúyõ)úÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ Îy ì˛yÓ˚y xò%¢Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ õyÏõ–

● ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢Ç ÏÎyÜ ≤ây!Ó˚ì˛ £Î˚ ˆÜÔí î ÏúÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ~ÓÇ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yñ !ü«˛ÖÜíÁ xòƒyòƒ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ¢¶˛ƒˆÏîÓ˚ myÓ˚y ≤Ãî_ ˛ô%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ Á üy!hfl˛Ï ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ ü!=˛üyú#Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

● ~£z î%!›˛ ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yÓ˚y ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ Á ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ xyîü≈ñ Ó˚#!ì˛ò#!ì˛ Á !òÎ˚õyÓú#ÓÓ˚Ç ÓyäÈ!Óâ˛yÓ˚ òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ v z ôˆÏÎyÜ# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ xyˆÏ¢–

● ü%ï%õye Ó£%¢ÇÖƒÑ˛ üyfl˛f#Î˚ xò% ÏFäÈî õ%ÖfiÌ ≤Ãì˛ƒüyõ)úÑ˛ xyâ˛Ó˚í !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ òy–!Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÓyG˛y Á xydfĩ Ñ˛Ó˚y v˛z!â˛ì˛–

● ¢ì˛ì˛yñ !ÓŸªfiÌì˛yñ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎy܃ì˛y £zì˛ƒy!î ÎÌy¢õˆÏÎ˚ xÌ≈˛ô)í≈ £Î˚–● ÓyïyîyˆÏòÓ˚ ü!=˛ ~ÓÇ K˛y˛ôò ˛ôäȈϮÓ˚ !îˆÏÑ˛ fl ∫ÈÙÈ!òˆÏî≈üòyÓ˚ ¢yõˆÏÌ≈ƒÓ˚ ãòƒ !ÓÑ˛yü ᛲˆÏì˛

ü%Ó% £Î˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ4

ÓyúƒÑ˛yˆÏú !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãïyò hfl˛ÏÓ˚Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢ÇˆÏ«˛ˆÏ˛ô v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó%ò– 100 ü Ï∑Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ !úÖ%ò–________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.6.2 !ü«˛í Á !üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ hfl˛ÏÓ˚¢õ)ˆÏ£Ó˚ ì˛yͲôÎ≈Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ K˛yò ~ÓÇ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ò#!ì˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚– !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ ˛ôÓ˚#«˛yÑ˛Ó˚%ò ~ÓÇ ˆîÖ%ò ˆÎ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ˆ◊í#ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛ˆÏí Î!î ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

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26 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

1. ~›˛y !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏîÓ˚¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ì§ y ÏîÓ˚ !ü«˛í ≤Ãíyú# ~ÓÇ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚

hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ !õúÑ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛–

2. ÓyúÑ˛Óy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏ̈ÏÑ˛ ≤Ãì˛ƒyüyÓ˚¢#õyÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ ì§˛yÓ˚y õˆÏòyˆÏÎyÜ# £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

3. ˆÑ˛yò !Ñ˛ä%È !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚íõˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y Ó% ÏG˛ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚

ì§˛yÓ˚y ˆÓ!ü Óyhfl˛ÏÓÓyî# £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

4. !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ïÓ˚í xò%ÎyÎ˚# ì§˛yÓ˚y !üÖò ≤Ãíyú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òó ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈ!ÓˆÏü°Ï

ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ¢yïyÓ˚í ~ÓÇ ¢yïyÓ˚í ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï–

5. !Ó!¶˛ß !Ó°Ï ÏÎÓ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Á !ò¶≈ Óü#úì˛yÓ ò#!ì˛ !üü%Ó ¢õß∫βô)í≈ !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ¢y£y΃

Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

6. v zÍÑ,˛T˛ !òîü≈ˆÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛Ó˚) ô !ÓÑ˛yü ˆ˛ôˆÏì˛ ≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

7. ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¶) !õÑ˛y ˆãˆÏò ì§˛yÓ˚y ΈÏÌT˛ õòˆÏÎyÜ !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ úyúò

˛ôyú Ïò ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓüÜì˛ xÓfiÌyÎ˚–

8. õyòÓ ã#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ¢Ñ˛ú hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢Ñ˛ú ¢õˆÏÎ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ~Ñ˛›˛y !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈߨ Á x!ÓÓ˚ì˛

≤Ãíyú#– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇ Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyeyÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ ˛ô)í≈yAÜ Ó) ô

xã≈ˆÏò xyõÓ˚y xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÈÏâ˛T˛y ì˛ƒyÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚ òy–

9. Óƒ!=˛ fl˛∫yì˛ˆÏs˛fƒÓ˚ K˛yò Á ò#!ì˛ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÎ˚ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈ˆÏÑ˛ƒÓ˚

ˆÓyï ÏÑ˛ Îy ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ ¢Ñ˛ú ¢õ ÏÎ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ Óy!£ƒÑ˛ ˆâ˛£yÓ˚y ÏÑ˛–

≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛ !üü%ˆÏÑ˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚y v˛z!â˛ì˛ ì˛yÓ˚ õˆÏïƒÓ˚ !òãfl˛∫ «˛õì˛y Á ¢yõˆÏÌ≈ƒÓ˚ ¢#õyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãíyú# ïˆÏÓ˚–

10. Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ¢¡ôÑ≈˛#Î˚ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£ ~Ñ˛›˛y !òîü≈ò Óy !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˛ôˆÏÌ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚

≤ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v z ÏjˆÏüƒ ≤ÃÓíì˛y ¢% ôy!Ó˚ü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆÑ˛yò !ò!î≈T˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ ~£z K˛yò xyõyˆÏîÓ˚

ãyòˆÏì˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Îy ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ≤Ãì˛ƒyüy Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yÓ˚˛ôÓ˚

xyõÓ˚y ì˛îò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚ ~›˛y xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÜì˛ x!¶˛K˛ì˛y

¢Ç܇˛ ÏòÓ˚ myÓ˚y–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ5

~Ñ˛›˛y !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ K˛yò !ü«˛Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ ì§˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !ü«˛í ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛

¶˛yú¶˛y ÏÓ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ⁄ 100 ü Ï∑Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ !úÖ%ò–

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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ˆòy›˛

27506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

1.7 !üü% ÏîÓ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ¶) !õÑ˛y

~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛ ˆúò Ïîò Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £Î !Ó!¶˛ß xyÌ≈ÈÙÈ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ !üü% ÏîÓ

!ò ÏÎ˚ Îy ÏîÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ÓÎ˚ Ï¢Ó˚ hfl Ï ÏÓ˚ !ò Ïã ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ xy ÏäÈ– !ü«˛Ñ˛

¢õy ÏãÓ ~Ñ˛ãò ≤Ã!ì˛!ò!ï !£¢y ÏÓ !üü% ÏîÓ xyâ˛Ó Ïí ≤Ãì˛ƒy!üì˛ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò xyò Ïì˛ îy!Î Ìy ÏÑ˛ò–

Îy Ïì˛ ì˛yÓy ~Ñ˛ãò ¢%òyÜ!Ó ÏÑ˛Ó îy!Îc ѧ y Ïï ì% Ïú !ò Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ãyì˛#Î !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ≤Ãíyú# ÏÑ˛

o%ì˛ì˛Ó Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛– xòƒ Ñ˛yÓí !ÓÑ˛yü xïƒÎò Ñ˛ÓyÓ ˆÎ ~Ó !òÓÓ!FäÈßì˛y xì˛#ì˛ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ Óì≈ õyò

~ÓÇ Óì≈ õyò ˆÓyG˛y ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ~Ó xì˛#ì˛ £z!ì˛£y Ï¢ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛– !Óîƒyú ÏÎ ˆÎyÜîyò Ñ˛ÓyÓ

xy ÏÜñ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ x!¶˛K˛ì˛y ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ Îy Ö%Ó£z ≤à ÏÎyãò ≤ÃÌyÜì˛ !ü«˛y ö˛ú≤â) !£¢y ÏÓ

Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛– !üü% ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ !ü«˛yÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe ~Ñ˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ¶) !õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !ü«˛Ñ˛

xÓüƒ£z ãyò ÏÓòì§ yÓ ˆ◊í#Ó ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛!üü%Ó xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ ¢_y Á «˛õì˛y Îy Ïì˛ !ì˛!ò ì˛y ÏîÓ Ñ˛y Ïã

úyÜy Ïì˛˛ôy ÏÓò Óƒ!=˛ Á ¢õy ÏãÓ ¢Ó≈y!ïÑ˛ õAÜ ÏúÓ ãòƒ– !ü«˛Ñ˛ xÓüƒ£z ãyò ÏÓò Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ò#!ì˛Ü%!ú ~ÓÇ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!ú ˆÎÜ%!ú !Ó!¶˛ß ÓÎ Ï¢Ó hfl Ï ÏÓ v zq(ì˛ £Î !Ó!¶˛ß

!ÓÑ˛yüõ)úÑ˛ õyeyÎ !üü% ÏîÓ ¢õß∫βô)í≈ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ !üü%Ó x!ÓÓì˛ xyâ˛Ó ÏíÓ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò £Î

˛ôy!Ó˛ôy!Ÿª≈ ÏÑ˛Ó ¢ ÏAÜ !õÌ!fl;ÎyÓ Ñ˛yÓ ÏíÈÙÙÙÈ~›˛y ¶˛yÓ# !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ–

~Ñ˛ãò ¢%ÈÙÈ!ü«˛Ñ˛ xyã ÏÑ˛ !üü%Ó ã#Ó Ïò Á ì˛yÓ ¶˛!Ó°ÏƒÍ ã#Ó Ïò !Ñ˛ä%È ˆîò ~¶˛y ÏÓ ı

1. !ü«˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ ˆfl ¨£ñ ˆÓyï Á !ÓˆÏÓâ˛òyÓ˚ õyÏõ !òÓ˚y˛ô_yÓ˚ ãòƒ !üü%Ó˚ â˛y!£îy¢õ)£ ˛ô)Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y

~ÓÇ ˆÜy¤˛#ˆÏì˛ ~Ó˚ ˙Ñ˛ƒ Á xÌ≈˜Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛ fiÌy!˚Î˚ˆÏc ÓãyÎ˚ Ó˚yÖyÓ˚ ãòƒ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xò% Ïõy!îì˛

fiÌyˆÏòÓ˚ õyÏõ–

2. Ñ˛yˆÏãÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢%ˆÏÎyÜÜ%!úÓ˚ õyÏõ Ñ˛yÎ≈ ¢¡ôyîˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ â˛y!£îy ˛ô)Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚yñ

≤à Ïâ˛T˛y ÏÑ˛ v zÍ¢y£ !î Ïì˛ Î ÏÌT˛ ¢ö˛úì˛yÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜñ xòƒ ÏÑ˛ ¢y£y Ï΃Ó˚ ãòƒ ¢% ÏÎy ÏÜÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõñ

xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ ≤Ãì˛ƒyüy !òˆÏÎ˚ £hfl˛ÏˆÏ«˛˛ô ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ fl˛∫yï#òì˛yÓ˚ õyÏõ â˛y!£îy

˛ô)Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y–

3. xòƒ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ì˛îyÓ˚!Ñ˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ õyÏõñ Ó,!_Üì˛ !òˆÏî≈üòyÓ˚ õyÏõñ xyâ˛Ó˚í

ïyÓ˚yÓ˚ Á ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ì˛yÓ˚ ˛≤Ã!ü«˛ ÏíÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõñ xòƒyòƒ õyò% Ï°ÏÓ˚ ú«˛ƒ Á v z Ïjüƒ !ò ÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛¢ ÏAÜ

Óy¢ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ¢y£y Ï΃Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛≤Ã!ü«˛í ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛Ó˚y–

4. !òˆÏãÓ˚ ãòƒ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ v zÍ¢y£îyˆÏòÓ˚ õyÏõñ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ v z_Ó˚îyˆÏòÓ˚ õyÏõñ ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ fiÌyò

Á ˆÖúyÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢yõ@˘Ã# ˆîÁÎ˚yÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ õyò!¢Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

5. xyîü≈ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ ãòƒ Órï%c˛ô)í≈ Á xy!ì˛ˆÏÌÎ˚ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ì˛yÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ Á

¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ ¢¡øy!òì˛ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ˛ôîõÎ≈yîyÓ˚ î Ïú !òÓ˚y˛ôî ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Ó˚ ãòƒ ˆÎÖy Ïò ˆ¢

¶˛yˆÏúyÓy¢yñ !òÓ˚y˛ô_y Á v zÍ¢y£ ˛ôyˆÏÓ ˆì˛õò ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò–

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ˆòy›˛

28 D.El.Ed. 506

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ7

~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ ¢yïyÓ˚í Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò⁄ 100ü Ï∑Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ !úÖ%ò–________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.8 xy¢%ò xyõÓy ¢Ç!«˛Æ Ñ˛!Ó

~Ñ˛ãò !üü% Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ Á ≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ ÏflÒ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Î– Ó,!Âï £ Ïúy v zFâ˛ì˛y Á Áã ÏòÓ ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ òñ

ˆÎÖy Ïò !ÓÑ˛yü £ Ïúy Ñ˛y Ïã Á â˛!Ó Ïe ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò– ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yü ÏÑ˛

≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ !Ó!¶˛ß hfl ÏÓ £ Ïúy ˜üüÓñ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓyúƒÑ˛yúñ ≤Ãyhs˘˛#Î ÓyúƒÑ˛yú ~ÓÇ

˜Ñ˛ ÏüyÓ– ~£z hfl ÏÓÜ%!ú Ïì˛ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ˜î!£Ñ˛ñ õyò!¢Ñ˛ñ ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü úy¶˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ !˘˘üü% ÏîÓ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!ú ˆÓyG˛y v z!â˛ì˛ ~£z hfl ÏÓÜ%!ú Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ Ó,!Âï

ˆ˛ô Ïì˛ Á !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £ Ïì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛˛ôyúò Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛ ¶˛yúÓy¢yñ ˆfl˛£ñ v zÍ¢y£ îyò ~ÓÇ !ü«˛ ÏíÓ

v z ôÎ%=˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ !ÓÑ˛yü Ñ˛ ÏÓ !üü% ÏîÓ òyòy!Óï Á Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ â˛y!£îy õ Ïò ˆÓ ÏÖ–

1.9 xy˛ôòyÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛ÓyÓ v z_Ó¢õ)£

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 1

£ƒ§yñ Ó,!Âï !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô,ÌÑ˛– Ó,!ÂÏúy xyÎ˚ì˛òñ v˛zFâ˛ì˛yñ Áãò ~ÓÇ ˜îˆÏá≈ƒ ˆÎÖyˆÏò

!ÓÑ˛yü £ˆÏúy ܇˛ˆÏò ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛òñ Ñ˛yˆÏÎ≈ Á â˛!Ó˚ˆÏe xyÑ˛yˆÏÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò xyòy–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 2

xyîü≈ ܇˛ ÏòÓ˚ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£ñ !ÓÑ˛yüõyò !ò Ïî≈üòyñ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈߨñ ˙Ñ˛ƒfl ∫Ó) ôñ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒñ ¢yïyÓ˚í

ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !ÓˆÏü°Ï ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ  Î˚yˆÏì˛ x@˘Ã¢Ó˚ñ ¢Ç£!ì˛ñ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ñ ¶˛!Ӱσmyò#–È

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 3

Ó,!Âï £ˆÏúy ˆÑ˛yˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒyÓ,!Âïñ v˛zFâ˛ì˛yñ Áãò £zì˛ƒy!î Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ õˆÏì˛yñ !ÓÑ˛yü £ˆÏúy ¢Ñ˛ú

xLjÏüÓ˚ ¢Ç܇˛ò Îy Ó,!Âï ¢,!T˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 4

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãïyò hfl˛ÏÓ˚Ü%!ú £ˆÏúy ı ãß√ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ˜üüÓñ 2 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓyúƒÑ˛yúñ 6 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ≤Ãyhs˘˛#Î˚ ÓyúƒÑ˛yú ~ÓÇ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 19ÓäÈÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ ˜Ñ˛ˆÏüyÓ˚–

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ˆòy›˛

29506-Block1 : !üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

!üü% ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!î˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 5

Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ ˆÓyG˛y–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!î˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 6

x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#ò Á Óy!£ƒÑ˛ v z˛ôyîyò¢õ)£

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!î˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò 7

ˆÓyï ~ÓÇ Îbñ ¶˛yúÓy¢y Ó°Ï≈í ~ÓÇ ˆfl ¨£ñ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ x¶˛yÓ î)Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ õyÏõ ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛

~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ÏÑ˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò–

1.10 ¢%ôy!ÓüÑ, ì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ Á v z ÏÕ‘Öƒ

Wood, Chip (2007) yardsticks : Children in the classroom ages 4-14 : A Re-source for Parents and Teachers, Northeast Foundation for children, Inc. TurnersFalls MA

Junn, Kllen and Boyatzs, chris (2007) Annual Editions : Child Growth andDevelopment 08/09 [paperback], Dushkin Pub. Group, Nashua, MH UnitedStates

1.11 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ xò%ü#úò#

1. Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ ¢ÇK˛y !îò–

2. Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ò#!ì˛Ü%%!ú ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó%ò–

3. ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ÓyúƒÑ˛yˆÏúÓ˚ ≤Èϫ˛y¶˛ Á ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏÑ˛yò î%!›˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó%ò–

4. !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ≤ö˛yÓ xyˆÏäÈ ~õò ≤Ãïyò v˛z ôyîyòÜ%!ú xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚%ò–

5. !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü Á ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò⁄

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ˆòy›˛

30 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÈÈÙÙÙÈ2 ı ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓüÑ˛y‡˛y Ïõy

2.0 – ¶) !õÑ˛y

2.1 – !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ

2.2 – ˛ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó xÌ≈

2.3 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ xÌ≈

2.4 – ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó ˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛

2.5 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛

2.6 – ˛ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈

2.7 – !ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ƒ

2.8 – ˛xy¢%ò xyõÓy ¢Ç!«˛Æ Ñ˛!Ó

2.9 – ˛xy˛ôòyÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛ÓyÓ v z_Ó¢õ)£

2.10 – ˛¢% ôy!ÓüÑ, ì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ Á v z ÏÕ‘Öƒ

2.11 – ˛ü∑¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô/ü∑ ÏÑ˛y°Ï

2.12 – ˛~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ xò%ü#úò#

2.0 ¶) !õÑ˛y :

!ü«˛Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎ Ï£ì% !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ hfl Ï ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚òñ ì˛y£z xy˛ô!ò xÓüƒ£z ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò ˆÎ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y

!Ó°ÏÎ˚¢õ)£ !Ó!¶˛ß¨¶˛yˆÏÓ ˆüˆÏÖ– !Ñ˛ä%È !ü«˛yÌ≈# !Ó°ÏÎ˚¢õ)£ o%ì˛ ˆüˆÏÖ ~ÓÇ xòƒÓ˚y ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ˆüˆÏÖ–

v zîy£Ó˚íì˛ñ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ö% ú Óy v z!qˆÏîÓ˚ òÑ˛üy xM˛ˆÏúÓ˚ ᛲòy !òò– xy˛ô!ò ˆÑ˛ò ¶˛yˆÏÓò ˆÎ

ˆ¢ÖyˆÏò !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚Ñ˛!›˛ !¶˛ß¨ì˛y xyˆÏäÈ– ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ñ xy˛ô!ò !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

£yˆÏì˛Ó˚ ˆúÖy xÌÓy !ÓîƒyúÎ˚¢ÇÑ  yhs˘˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú ¢¡ôyîˆÏò !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ !¶˛ß¨ì˛y– ~£z !¶˛ß¨ v z_Ó˚Ó˚

ãòƒ !Ñ˛ Ñ˛yÓ˚í £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚⁄ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢õÌ≈òˆÏÎy܃ v z_Ó˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y Ñ˛!‡˛ò £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~£z ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚

v z_Ó˚ !£¢yˆÏÓ î%!›˛ fl˛ôT˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ã!ì˛Î˚õyò Ñ˛yÓ˚í xyˆÏäÈ– ì˛yÓ˚y £ˆÏúyÈÙÙÙÈ

i) ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ

ii) ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü

≤ÃÌõ ~Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ Ú!üü%ˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛yÛ ~Ó˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ñ ~Ñ˛ !Óhfl˛Ïy!Ó˚ì˛ á›˛òyÓ˚ !ÓÓÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ Ó,!Âï Á

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ≤ö˛yÓ ¢,!T˛Ñ˛yÓ˚# v˛z ôyîyò¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚– ~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ¶) !õÑ˛yÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚

Page 38: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

31506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

x@˘ÃÜõˆÏò xyˆÏúyÑ˛˛ôyì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ– x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#ò v˛z ôyîyò !£¢yˆÏÓ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ Óy!£ƒÑ˛ v˛z ôyîyò

!£¢yˆÏÓ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü xyˆÏúy!â˛ì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ– ~Ü%!ú äÈyv˛¸yñ xy˛ô!ò !üÖˆÏÓò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüË

xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ !ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ ¶˛yˆÏúy ¢Ç܇˛ò ~ÓÇ äÈyeˆÏîÓ˚

!üÖˆÏò ¢£yÎ˚ì˛yˆÏì˛–

2.1 !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ¢õ)£

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˛ôy χ˛Ó ˛ôÓ xy˛ô!ò ¢õÌ≈ £ ÏÓò ı

● ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ¢ÇK˛y ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛–

● ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛–

● ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íy Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ v˛z ôyîyòÜ%!ú Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛–

● !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ !¶˛ß¨ì˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢yõ!Î˚Ñ˛ v z ôyîyò !£¢yˆÏÓ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ӈϟ’°Ïí

Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛–

● !üÖ Ïò ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ¢õ)£–

● !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖˆÏò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ƒ !òˆÏ¡¨ ˆÓ˚Öy ›˛yòˆÏì˛–

2.2 ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ xÌ≈

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ Ïúy ܶ≈ ïyÓí !¶˛ß ÏÑ˛y Ï°Ï ¢Ω˛yÓƒ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!úÓ v z ô!fiÌ!ì˛Ó ¢õÓyΖ ˆ¢£z¢Ó Ü%íyÓú#

Îy !üü% ãß√yÓyÓ ¢õÎ ì˛yÓ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˛ôyÎ ì˛y ÏÑ˛ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Ó Ïú– xÌ≈ ãyòyÓ

˛ôÓ ~Ñ˛ãò xÓüƒ£z ãy Ïò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó ˆÑ˛Ôü ÏúÓ !Ó°ÏΖ !üü% !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ ˜ã!ÓÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ ãß√@˘Ã£í

Ñ˛ ÏÓ⁄ ã#Óò ü%Ó% £Î ~Ñ˛›˛y ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛y°Ï !£¢y ÏÓ–

ܶ≈ yÓfiÌy ¢õÎ ˛ô%Ó%°Ï Á fl f# Ïúy ÏÑ˛Ó Ó#ã ˆÑ˛y Ï°ÏÓ !õú ÏòÓ ö˛ Ïú !v˛¡∫ ÏÑ˛y Ï°ÏÓ Ü¶≈ ïyÓí £Î–

!v˛ Ï¡∫Ó Á ܶ≈ ïyÓí ÏÑ˛ Óúy £Î º%í (zygot)–º%í↓

46 ˆÑ  yˆÏõyˆÏãyõ↓

23!›˛ fl˛f#ˆÏúyˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~ÓÇ 23 !›˛ ˛ô%Ó˚%ˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛ ˆÑ ˛yˆÏõyˆÏãyˆÏõ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ 40 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ 100 !›˛ !ãò– !ãòÜ%!ú !ò!î≈T˛ ˜Ó!üˆÏT˛ƒÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚

ãòƒ îyÎ˚# ÌyˆÏÑ˛– !˛ô›˛yÓ˚¢ˆÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛ÌyÎ˚ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ¢ÇK˛y £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ñ ÚÚ!˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ õyÏõ

˛ô)Ó≈˛ô%Ó% Ï°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˆÎ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ ˛ôyÎ˚–ÛÛ v˛Üúy¢ Á £úƒyu˛ ÓˆÏúˆÏäÈòñ ÚÚÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Ü!‡˛ì˛ £Î˚

!˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛y ~ÓÇ xòƒyòƒ ˛ô)Ó≈˛ô%Ó% Ï°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ≤ÃyÆ ì˛yÓ˚ ˜î!£Ñ˛ ܇˛òñ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒyÓ!úñ

Ñ˛yÎ≈ïyÓ˚y Óy «˛õì˛y ¢õ)£–ÛÛ ˜ã!ÓÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤ÃyÆ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ v z ôyîyò¢õ)£ Îy ˜î!£Ñ˛ Ñ˛y‡˛yˆÏõyˆÏÑ˛

Page 39: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

32 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢õÓyÎ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ !£¢yˆÏÓ ~ö˛. ~ú. Ó˚y≠!ÓˆÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò–

xy¢%ò xyõÓ˚y ˛ôy‡˛ Ñ˛!Ó˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ v˛z˛ôyîyòÜ%!úÓ˚ ~Ñ˛›˛y ˆäÈy›˛ ᛲòyÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í

Îy v z˛ôˆÏÓ˚y=˛ ¢ÇK˛yÓ˚ õõ≈Óhfl% v˛z ôú!kï Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ–

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ᛲòyÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í

ö ˛ˆÏúâ˛yÓ˚ £ˆÏúò ~Ñ˛ãò õ£yò Ü!íì˛!Óî Á !˛ôÎ˚yˆÏòy ˛ÓyîÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ì§˛yÓ˚ fl˛f# ˆõáyòy £ˆÏúò

~Ñ˛ãò xyhs˘˛ã≈y!ì˛Ñ˛ !Ó«˛yì˛ !£®%fiÌyò# ï % ôî# ÜyÎ˚Ñ˛– ì§˛yˆÏîÓ˚ î%!›˛ ¢hs˘˛yò xyˆÏäÈ– ˛ô%eñ xƒyÓ˚íñ

ÎyÓ˚ ÓÎ˚¢ 15 ÓäÈÓ˚ñ !ÓK˛yò Á xAÑ˛ xïƒÎ˚ˆÏò xì˛ƒhs˘˛ xy@˘Ã£#– ì˛yÓ˚ Îs˛f ¢AÜ#ˆÏì˛Á xy@˘Ã£

xyˆÏäÈ– ˆ¢ £z!ì˛õˆÏïƒ ¢ÇÜ#ˆÏì˛Ó˚ òyòyò ãyì˛#Î˚ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÎy!Üì˛yÎ ãÎ˚úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈ– ì§˛yˆÏîÓ˚

~Ñ˛!›˛ Ñ˛òƒy xyˆÏäÈñ Ö #!T˛òy ˆÎ 12 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚¢#– ì˛yÓ˚ ¢AÜ# Ïì˛ Á £zÇÓ˚yã# ¢y!£ Ïì˛ƒ xì˛ƒhs˘˛

xy@˘Ã£ xyˆÏäÈ– ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛y v z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚£z !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛ôyˆÏ‡˛ v zFâ˛õyò !Ó!üT˛ƒ– ì˛yÓ˚y ¢Ñ˛ú !ÓîƒyúÎ˚

!Ó°ÏÎ˚¢õ) Ï£ 95%ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ x!ïÑ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ xã≈ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

v˛z˛ôˆÏÓ˚y=˛ ᛲòy ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏ΃ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ ˛ôyˆÏ‡˛ƒÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ ≤ß¿Ü%!úÓ˚

v z_Ó˚ !îò–

≤ß¿ 1. ¢Ó≈y Ï ô«˛y Ñ˛ì,≈ cÑ˛yÓ˚# ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ Ü%íõyò Îy xy˛ô!ò !üü% ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Ö§% Ïã ˛ôyò S¢!‡˛Ñ˛v z_Ó˚!›˛ !›˛Ñ˛ !â˛£´ !îòV

Ñ˛V ¢,!T˛ïõ≈#ì˛y

ÖV !Ó°ÏÎ˚Óhfl% Ó˚ !¶˛!_ Ïì˛ !üÖò ì˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ fl˛ôT˛ õ Ïòy¶˛yÓ

ÜV ≤Ã!ì˛m!®¥ ì˛yõ)úÑ˛ õ Ïòy¶˛yÓ

áV õ Ïòy¶˛y ÏÓÓ˚ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ–

≤ß¿ 2. !ÓK˛yò Á ¢ÇÜ#ì˛ ˛ôy χ˛ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ¶˛yúÓy¢y Óyv ¸y ÏòyÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢y£yÎƒÑ˛yÓ˚# v z ôyîyò¢õ)£Ñ !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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2.3 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ xÌ≈

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü Óú Ïì˛ ˆÓyG˛yÎ Óƒ!=˛Ó â˛yÓ˛ôy Ïü Îy !Ñ˛ä%È ˛ôyÁÎy ÎyÎ ~ÓÇ ˆÎ¢Ó v zj#˛ôÑ˛ ¢_y ÏÑ˛

v z Ï_!ãì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓñ ì˛yÓ ˛¢õÓyΣz £ú ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü– xƒyòyõ›˛y!:Ó õì˛yò%¢y ÏÓñ ÚÚ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü £ú ¢Ñ˛ú

Óhfl% Îy !ãò äÈyv˛y Óƒ!=˛ ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–ÛÛ v˛Üúƒy¢ Á £úƒy[˛ Ó Ïú ÏäÈòñ ÚÚ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ü∑!›˛

£ú ¢õhfl Ï Óy!£ƒÑ˛ ü!=˛Ó ¢õÓyÎñ ≤ö˛yÓ Á xÓfiÌyÓñ Îy ã#Óòñ ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛ñ xyâ˛Óíñ Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ

!ÓÑ˛yü Á ã#Óhs˘˛ ¢Ç܇˛ ÏòÓ ˛ô!Óíõò ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–ÛÛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ˜ì˛Ó# £Î !Ó!¶˛ß ïÓ ÏòÓ

Page 40: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

33506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

ü!=˛¢õ)£ ˆÎõòñ ≤ÃyÑ, !ì˛Ñ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ñ ˜ò!ì˛Ñ˛ñ xÌ≈ Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛ñ Óyã Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛ñ ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ Á ≤à ϫ˛y!¶˛Ñ˛

ü!=˛¢õ)£– ~Ñ˛›˛y xò%Ñ) ú ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !üü%Ó ¢£ãyì˛ ¢yõ ÏÌ≈ƒÓ !ÓÑ˛yü ÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Óì% T˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

!ÜúÓy Ï›≈ Ó õì˛yò%¢y ÏÓñ ÚÚ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü £ú ˆÎ ÏÑ˛yò !ã!ò¢ Îy ~Ñ˛›˛y Óhfl% ÏÑ˛ ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛¶˛y ÏÓ !á ÏÓ

Ìy ÏÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ~Ó v z ôÓ ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ ≤ö˛yÓ ≤à ÏÎyÜ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–ÛÛ

õyò!¢Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ xÌ≈ £ú ˆ¢£z xyÓ£yÁÎy Îy Óƒ!=˛Ó õyò!¢Ñ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ ≤à ÏÎyãò– Î!î

˛ôy‡˛yÜyÓñ Ü ÏÓ°ÏíyÜyÓñ ˛ôy‡˛ƒÑ  õ ~ÓÇ ¢£ÈÙÈ˛ôy‡˛ƒÑ  !õÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £Îñ ì˛y£ Ïú

!üü% ≤Ãì˛ƒy!üì˛ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yü xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó ÏÓ– ¢%ì˛ÓyÇñ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏîÓ ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛ ¢Ó≈y Ï ô«˛y

¶˛yú õyò!¢Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓüñ Ñ˛õ≈üyúyñ Îyî%áÓñ Ñœ yÓÜ%!úñ ¢AáÜ%!úñ ¢¶˛y £zì˛ƒy!î xÓüƒ£z v zÍ¢y!£ì˛

Ñ˛Ó˚y–

2.4 ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó ˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛¢õ)£

Îõã ÏîÓ ˆ◊í#!Ó¶˛yÜ ı î%£z ïÓ ÏòÓ Îõã xy ÏäÈ ı i) ¢õ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# ~ÓÇ (ii) !¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã–

¢õˆÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã ¢hs˘˛yò ~Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ x!¶˛ß¨ ÓyÓyÈÙÈõyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòò ˆÑ˛y°Ï ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢,!T˛ £Î˚– !¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï#

Îõã ¢hs˘˛yò !¶˛ß¨ !¶˛ß¨ ãòò ˆÑ˛y°Ï ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ¢,!T˛ £Î˚–

¢õ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã ~ ÏÑ˛ x˛ô ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢î,ü £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ¢Ó≈îy ~Ñ˛£z !ú ÏAÜÓ˚ £Î˚ ˆÎÖy Ïò !¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï#

Îõã òƒy΃ì˛y ˆÓ!üÓ˚¶˛yÜ ¶˛y£zÓ˚y ~ÓÇ ˆÓyˆÏòÓ˚y £ˆÏì˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ~Ñ˛£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚–

Ìí≈v˛y£zÑ˛ñ !òv˛zõƒyòñ !ö ˛õƒyòñ ˆv˛!Ó›˛ v˛z£zò!ö˛”˛ ~ÓÇ xòƒ xˆÏòˆÏÑ˛ ÎõãˆÏîÓ˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò ~ÓÇ ì§˛yÓ˚y !¢Âïyhs˘˛ ~ˆÏ¢ˆÏäÈò ˆÎ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˜Ó°ÏˆÏõƒÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í !£¢yˆÏÓ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ˆÏúy

~Ñ˛!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ v z ôyîyò– xòƒ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ˆv˛!Ó›˛ v z£zò!ö˛”˛ Ñ˛ì,≈ Ñ˛ ˛ô!Óâ˛y!úì˛ £Î ~ÓÇ !ò¡!ú!Öì˛

!¢Âïyhs˘ Ü,£#ì˛ £ ÏÎ˚!äÈú–

Ñ  !õÑ˛ ¢ÇÖƒy Óí≈òy ¢£Ü!ì˛Ó˚ ¢£ÜyAÑ˛ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ

Sl no. (Description) Ó%Âïƒy ÏAÑ˛Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚(Coefficient of corelation (r) on

IQ between them)

1. ¢õ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã 0.90

2. !¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã 0.70

3. ~Ñ˛£z ÓyÓyÈÙÈõyÓ˚ ¢hs˘˛yò 0.50

4. !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y ~ÓÇ ¢hs˘˛yòÓ˚y 0.31

5. ¢¡ôÑ≈ £#ò ¢hs˘˛yòÓ˚y 0.30

v z ô ÏÓ˚y=˛ ¢Ñ˛ú˛˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í !ò Ïî≈ü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆÎ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ã#Ó Ïò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ú ~Ñ˛›˛y Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ v z ôyîyò–

¢õˆÏÑ˛y°Ï# ÎõãÓ˚y ~Ñ˛¢ˆÏAÜ ˆÓˆÏv ¸ Á‡˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È›˛y x!ïÑ˛ ˛ô,ÌÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ˜üüÓÑ˛yú ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

î

Page 41: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

34 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

ì˛ö˛yˆÏì˛ ¢õˆÏÑ˛y°Ï# ÎõãÓ˚y ˆÓˆÏv˛¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛– !Ñ˛hs%˛ ì˛Í¢ˆÏ_¥Á ì˛yÓ˚y !¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# ÎõãÓ˚y ÎyÓ˚y ~Ñ˛ˆÏe

xÌÓy xyúyîy¶˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓˆÏv˛¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ x!¶˛ß¨ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ~Ñ˛£z !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚

¢hs˘˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !¶˛ß¨ˆÏÑ˛y°Ï# ÎõãÓ˚y Ó%!ÂïˆÏì˛ ˆÓ!ü ¢î,ü £Î˚– ~Ó˚ xÌ≈ ˆÎ Îì˛£z !òÑ˛›˛Óì≈˛#

¢¡ôÑ≈ ì˛ì˛£z Ó%!ÂïÓ˚ Ü%íyÓú#Ó˚ ¢£Ü!ì˛ ˆÓ!ü £Î˚–

2.5 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛

!ö  õƒyò ≤Ãõyí Ñ˛ ÏÓ ÏäÈò ˆÎ 71 ãò !üü% ÏÑ˛ x¶˛yÓ# ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ¶˛yˆÏúy ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü

Ó˚yˆÏÖò ˆÎÖyˆÏò ˆîÖy ˆÜú !ÓˆÏòÛÓ˚ õyò!¢Ñ˛ ˆÓ˚!›˛ÇÈÙÈ~ 10 ˛ôˆÏÎ˚r›˛ ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛– ~›˛y ¢yÓƒhfl˛Ï £ú

Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ã#Ó Ïò ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ¶) !õÑ˛y–

ˆãõ Ï¢Ó˚ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛íÈÙÙÙÈ!Ó˚ü ı î%£zãò Îõã ¢hs˘˛yòÈÙÙÙÈ~Ñ˛ãò ˛ôy£y Ïv ¸ ~ÓÇ xyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛ãò @˘Ãy Ïõ

ÎÌyÑ ˛ˆÏõ úy!úì˛ ˛ôy!úì˛ £ˆÏúò– ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Ó%ÂïƒAÑ˛ !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y £úñ 19 ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ˆÏr›˛Ó˚ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ

˛ôyÁÎ˚y ˆÜúñ ~›˛y£z ˛ô!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ £z!AÜì˛ ˆîÎ˚ Ó%!ÂïÓ˚ v˛z ôÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÜì˛ ≤ö˛yÓ– ~Öò !üü%Ó˚ ~ÓÇ

Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈ˆÏÑ˛ƒÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!ú !Ñ˛⁄ SÑ˛V ÓÇüÜì˛ SÖV ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü SÜV xÌÓy

v z¶˛Î˚£z⁄ Î!î £Î˚ñ Ñ˛ì˛›˛y !üü%Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü Á Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈ˆÏÑ˛ƒÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚

xyˆÏ˛ô!«˛Ñ˛ ¶)˛!õÑ˛y !Ñ˛⁄ ~›˛y£z £ˆÏúyñ !üü%Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ~ÓÇ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈ˆÏÑ˛ƒÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü v z¶˛ ÏÎ˚ ¢õyò îy!Î˚–

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ᛲòyÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛íx!òú ~ÓÇ ¢%ò#ú 10õ õyˆÏòÓ˚ äÈye– ì˛yÓ˚y !îÕ‘#Ó˚ !Ñ˛Ç ãã≈ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôv ¸ ÏäÈ– v z¶˛Î˚ äÈye

ˆòì,≈˛cÑ˛yÓ˚# ÓƒÓ¢yÎ˚# ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~ˆÏ¢ˆÏäÈ– £zv z. ~¢. ~ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ £yÓ˚ÁÎ˚yv≈˛ !ÓŸª!ÓîƒyúÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

~õ.!Ó.~ Ñ˛Ó˚y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ v zFâ˛yÑ˛yCy xyˆÏäÈ– ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ v z ôˆÏîü !îˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈò Óy!íãƒ

Á !£¢yÓüyfl˛f !òˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôv ¸ Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òãfl ∫ Ñ˛yÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ fiÌy˛ôò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ v z ôˆÏîü !îˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈò–

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚Á Ñ˛yÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ¢Ç܇˛ò !òˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôv ¸yÓ˚ ≤ÃÜyë ¸ xy@˘Ã£ xyˆÏäÈ– ¶˛yÓ˚ˆÏì˛ xÌ≈˜Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛ ¢ÇflÒyÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚

¢yõ!Î˚Ñ˛ ˛˛ô!eÑ˛yÎ˚ v z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È ≤ÃÓrï !úˆÏÖˆÏäÈò ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚¢õ)£ Á v z ôfiÌy˛ôò

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ÏäÈ–

v z ôˆÏÓ˚y=˛ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í !ӰψÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢y£y΃ !òˆÏÎ˚ !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ ˛≤ß¿Ü%!úÓ˚ ¢Ç!«˛Æ v z_Ó˚ !îò ı

1. äÈyeˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛ì,≈˛cÑ˛yÓ˚# Ü%íyÓú# !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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ˆòy›˛

35506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

2. !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ äÈyeÓ˚y ~Ó)˛ô Ü%íyÓú# ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚!äÈú⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________3. xy˛ô!ò !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ òƒy΃ì˛y ≤Ã!ì˛˛ôyîò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò ˆÎ ÓyúÑ˛ÈÙÈÓy!úÑ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ≤Ãâ˛[˛ v zߨ!ì˛Ó˚ ú«˛ƒ

xyˆÏäÈ⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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4. v˛z˛ôyîyòÜ%!ú !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛ Îy ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ v zߨ!ì˛Ó˚ ú«˛ƒ¢õ)£ˆÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2.6 ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ¢ÇK˛y!Îì˛ £Î ˜ã!ÓÑ˛ ¢M˛y!úì˛ v z ôyîy ÏòÓ ¢õÓyÎ Îy ˜î!£Ñ˛ Ñ˛y‡˛y Ïõy ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ Îy xyâ˛Óí ÏÑ˛ v z Ï_!ãì˛ Ñ˛ÓyÓ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ ÏÓ xÌÓy xyâ˛Óí ïyÓy ˛ô!ÓÓì≈ ò xyòyÓ Ñ˛yã

Ñ˛ ÏÓ ˆ¢ ¢Ó xÓfiÌyÓ ¢õÓyÎ £ Ïúy ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü– ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó ã#Ó Ïò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

v z¶˛ ÏΣz Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ó v z¶˛ ÏΣz !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ !òí≈yÎÑ˛– Ó Ï¢Ó õì˛yò%¢y ÏÓñ ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó ˜ã!ÓÑ˛ñ

õ Ïòyhfl Ïy!_¥Ñ˛ Á ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ hfl ÏÓ !òï≈yÓ Ïí ~£z v z ôyîyòÜ%!úÓ ≤Ã!Ñ  Îy Ñ˛Ö Ïòy Ñ˛Ö Ïòy

!ò¡!ú!Öì˛ ¢) ÏeÓ myÓy ≤ÃÑ˛y!üì˛ £Î ı

H × E × T = DLxÌ≈yÍñ

H SÓÇüÜ!ì˛V × E S˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüV × T S¢õÎ˚V = Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ Óƒ!=˛ ÏcÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚ hfl ÏÓ˚–

~£z ¢)e ˆÎ ᛲòyÓ˚ xÌ≈ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y £ˆÏúy ~›˛y Óúy xÌ≈£#ò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ xÌÓy ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüñ

~Ñ˛yÑ˛# Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#– v z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚£z !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe áˆÏ›˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛õye ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õˆÏì˛y– ˛˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü äÈyv˛¸yñ ~›˛ !ò‹≥˛ú ~ÓÇ

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ äÈyv˛¸y ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ xÌ≈ £Î˚ òy– ~›˛yÓ˚ xÌ≈ v˛z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚£z Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ã#ÓˆÏò xì˛ƒhs˘˛ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈–

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ˆîÎ˚ üÓ˚#Ó˚ñ ܇˛òñ ÜyeÈÙÈÓí≈ Óy ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ £zì˛ƒy!î ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚

¢% ÏÎyÜ ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

Page 43: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

36 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

ˆú!u˛¢ Á ˆú!u˛¢ õhs˘˛Óƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò ˆÎ ÚÚÓÇüÜ!ì˛ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y ˆîÎ˚ !Ñ˛hs%˛

~£z «˛õì˛yÜ% ÏúyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xÓüƒ£z xyˆÏ¢–ÛÛ

v zv‰ ÁÎ˚yˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ õì˛yò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ñ !üü%Ó˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ v z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚£z ¢õyò¶˛yˆÏÓ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈–

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Ü%íˆÏòÓ˚ ö˛ú £ˆÏúy Óƒ!=˛– !e¶% ˆÏãÓ˚ ˆ«˛eö˛ˆÏúÓ˚ myÓ˚y Óƒ!=˛

v z ôfiÌy!˛ôì˛ £úñ ˆÎÖyˆÏò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ˆÏúy ¶) !õ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü £ˆÏú v zFâ˛ì˛y– !e¶% ˆÏãÓ˚ ˆ«˛eö˛ú

ü%ï%õye ¶)˛!õ Óy v˛zFâ˛ì˛yÓ˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ òy– ~›˛y v˛z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– xò%Ó˚)˛ô¶˛yˆÏÓñ

Óƒ!=˛ £ˆÏúy ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ö˛ú– ÓÇüÜì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈ «˛õì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü £ˆÏúy ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚

~Ñ˛›˛y !Ó°ÏÎ˚–

A = b × h

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Ó!FäÈߨ¶˛yˆÏÓ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy– ≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ x!ïÑ˛yÓ˚#ñ

~£z ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!ú ~Ñ˛›˛y ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÓ˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô%!T˛!ÓïyˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ–

õy!ö≈˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ £z!AÜì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈòñ ÚÚ!ò!î≈T˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÜì˛ ü!=˛Ó˚ õyÏõ ~Ñ˛õye ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚

õ%!=˛ «˛õì˛yü#ú ÓˆÏú ˛ô!Ó˚!â˛ì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ˆÎ›˛y õ%!=˛ ˛ôyÎ˚ ì˛y ˛ôy!Ó˚˛ôy!Ÿª≈Ñ˛ Ü%Ó˚%ˆÏcÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛úyˆÏ˛ôÓ˚

Îì˛›˛y ˆÓü# ì˛ì˛›˛y ˆÎò ~›˛y xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ ¢_yÓ˚ fiÌy˛ôò Óy Ü%Æ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–ÛÛ !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ v˛zîy£Ó˚í

v z¶˛Î˚ õì˛ˆÏÑ˛ !ò¡¨Ó)ˆÏ˛ô ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ı

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ myÓ˚y v˛zFⲠ¢#õy ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£Ñ, ì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ˙ ¢#õy äÈ!v˛¸ ÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

òy– !üü% ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ myÓ˚y ≤Ãî_ ѧ˛yâ˛y õyˆÏúÓ˚ ¢ˆÏÓ≈yFⲠ!ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ~›˛y ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ÓÇüÜ!ì˛

ѧ˛yâ˛yõyú ˆÎyÜyò ˆîÎ˚ñ ¢Çfl,Ò!ì˛ òÑ˛üyÜ%!ú ˆÎyÜyò ˆîÎ˚ ÎÖò ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ £Î˚ Ñ˛y!Ó˚ÜÓ˚ñ Ñ˛yÓ˚í

ì˛yÓ˚y£z !˛ôì˛yõyì˛y ΧyÓ˚y !üü%Ó˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ ¢õyˆÏãÓ˚ ¢Çfl,Ò!ì˛ Ó£ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

õƒyÑ˛y£z¶˛yÓ˚ Á ˆ˛ôã Ó Ïú ÏäÈò ÚÚã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ £z!wÎ˚ ˆÜyâ˛Ó˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü

v z¶˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ö˛úyö˛úñ ≤ÈÏì˛ƒÑ˛!›˛ ˆÎõò ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ ˆì˛õò£z x˛ôÓ˚!›˛Ó˚ ö˛ú– Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy ~Ñ˛›˛y Óy!ì˛ú

£ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy ~ÓÇ Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy !Ó!FäÈߨ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy–ÛÛ ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ v˛zîy£Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏ΃

˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ Ü%Ó˚%c ì%˛ˆÏú ïÓ˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ı

1. Ó#ã SÓÇüÜ!ì˛V × õ,!_Ñ˛y = v z ôyîyò(Seeds (heredity) × soil) = yield)

2. õ)úïò × !Ó!ò ÏÎ˚yÜ = xyÎ˚(Capital × Investment) = Revenue)

2.7 !ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ¶) !õÑ˛y !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ˛ô Ï«˛ ãyòy xì˛ƒhs˘˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ Îy Ïì˛ !üÖò

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ˆòy›˛

37506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

ïyÓíy xy ÏÓy ¶˛y Ïúy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ !ì˛!ò ì§ yÓ äÈye ÏîÓ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓò– v z¶˛Î v z ôyîy ÏòÓ K˛yò

äÈye ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˜Ó°Ïõƒ Ö§% Ïã ˛ÓyÓ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !üÖ Ïò £Î x ÏAÑ˛ òy

£Î ¢õ¶˛y ÏÓ £zÇÓyã# Ïì˛ ì§ yÓ !ü«˛í ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ~ÓÇ !òÎõyò%¢y ÏÓ ˆÑ˛Ôü˘ú¢õ)£ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ ¢y£y΃

Ñ˛ ÏÓ ≤ÃÑ˛“ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˆÎyÜy ÏÎyÜ Ó«˛yÑ˛yÓ# ˆÑ˛Ôü˘úÜ%!úÓ õ Ïì˛y–

ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ ¶˛yú !ü«˛y Á ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛ ¶˛yú ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ¢ÓÓÓy£ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ˛ô!ÓÑ˛“òy Ñ˛ ÏÓò–

Ñ˛¡ô%v z›˛Ó Ü ÏÓ°ÏíyÜyÓ ~ÓÇ ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ !Ó°Ï ÏÎÓ Î ÏÌT˛ @˘ÃrÌyÜy ÏÓ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ≤Ãîy ÏòÓ õyïƒ Ïõ– !üü% ÏÑ˛

˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ì§ yÓ Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛– !üü%Ó ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~Ñ˛£z¶˛y ÏÓ ì˛yÓ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü Á ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛

~ÓÇ !ì˛!ò !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ xÓüƒ£z ≤ÃÑ˛“ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó ÏÓò– ~£z ≤â ÏAÜñ ¢ ÏÓò¢ò ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ

õhs˘˛Óƒ Ñ˛ ÏÓ ÏäÈò ˆÎ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó Ñ˛y ÏäÈ K˛yòñ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ü!=˛Ü%!úÓ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ≤ö˛yÓ

õyò!ÓÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ x¶˛ƒhs˘˛Ó˚#ò ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈˛ô)í≈– v˛zFâ˛õyeyÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚

¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ ¢¡ôy!îì˛ Ñ˛yã !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyÓ£yÁÎ˚yÓ˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– Ñ%˛£zã Á ¢y!£ì˛ƒ

≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÎy!Üì˛yÓ õ Ïì˛y ˛ôy‡˛ƒÑ  !õÑ˛ Á ¢£˛ôy‡˛ƒÑ  !õÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó ¢õ,Âï Ñ˛õ≈ ˛ô!ÓÑ˛“òy !Óîƒyú ÏÎÓ

¢ÓÓÓy£ Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛– ì˛y ÏîÓ ÌyÑ˛ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ x!ïÑ˛ì˛Ó v z ôÎ%=˛ !ü«˛yÜì˛ñ Ó,!_Üì˛ñ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛

!ò Ïî≈üòy Á ˛ôÓyõü≈îyò Á Óƒ!=˛c !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ Ñ˛õ≈¢)â˛#– Î!î ì˛y ÏîÓ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ãyòy

Ìy ÏÑ˛– ¢Ó ïÓ ÏòÓ Ó%!Âïî#Æñ fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ñ Üv˛ õy ÏòÓ !ò¡ ~ÓÇ ¢õ¢ƒy !üü% ~ÓÇ !ü«˛yÜì˛

xò@˘Ã¢Ó !üü% ¢£ ≤ÃÌõ ÓÇü ˛ôÎ≈y ÏÎÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£ ¢Ó ïÓ ÏòÓ Óƒ!ì˛Ñ  õ#ïõ≈# !üü% ÏîÓ !ò ÏÎ

Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ÓyÓ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ãòƒ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ K˛yò x!ì˛ xì˛ƒhs˘˛ xyÓüƒÑ˛–

1. !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü ı xyˆÏÜÑ˛yÓ˚ K˛yòñ Ó%!Âï ˛ôy!Ó˚Óy!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüñ xy@˘ÃˆÏ£Ó˚ x¶˛yÓñ ≤ÃÓíì˛y

~ÓÇ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ ~Ñ˛›˛y Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ ¶)˛!õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !Ñ˛ä%È äÈye ÎyÓ˚y !Ñ˛ä%ȈÏì˛ !˛ô!äȈÏÎ˚ ˛ôˆÏv˛¸ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛

ì˛yÓ˚y xòƒ ˆ«˛ˆÏe Ñ˛yÎ≈ ¢¡ôyîˆÏò ì%˛úòyõ)úÑ˛ ¶˛yˆÏúy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– xì˛É˛ôÓ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛ xÓüƒ äÈyeˆÏîÓ˚

ãòƒ ~Ñ˛ v z ô ÏÎyÜ# xyÓ£yÁÎ˚y ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓò ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢õ¶˛y ÏÓ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓò–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ¢õß∫Î˚ ᛲyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛ xÓüƒ£z ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xò%≤Ãy!íì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò–

2. !Ñ˛ä%È Óƒ!=˛ xyˆÏäÈò ÎyÓ˚y òyòyò Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí îˆÏúÓ˚ Ó˚#!ì˛ò#!ì˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô̺T˛ £Î˚– xì˛É˛ôÓ˚ ˆ◊í#

!ü«˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ K˛yò ÌyÑ˛y v z!â˛ì˛ ì§˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yõÌ≈ƒñ «˛õì˛yñ xy@˘Ã£ñ ≤ÃÓíì˛yñ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ Á

xòƒyòƒ Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ ¢Çú«˛í ~ÓÇ ~£z K˛yˆÏòÓ˚ xyˆÏúyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ ¢_yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏÓ≈yFâ˛

ÓƒÓ£y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ !ò Ïî≈üòy ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛–

3. !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ˆ◊í#Ñ˛ˆÏ«˛ xÓú¡∫ò Ñ˛Ó˚y xÓüƒ£z £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚

â˛y!£îy ˛ô)Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xy@˘Ã£ Á ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ hfl˛ÏÓ˚ xò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ ~›˛y ¢y£y΃ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

4. Óƒ!=˛c !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ xÓüƒ£z fiÌy!˛ôì˛ £Î˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚

˛ô›˛¶) !õ ˆÓ˚ˆÏÖ ≤ÃÜ!ì˛ü#ú îˆÏúÓ˚ ˆòì, ˆÏcÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ñ˛õ≈¢)â˛# ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛–

5. ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ !Óîƒyú ÏÎ˚Ó˚ !ò Ïî≈üòy Á ˛ôÓ˚yõü≈îyò ˆÑ˛w Ó˚yÖ Ïì˛ £Î˚–

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ˆòy›˛

38 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ11. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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3. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v˛z˛ôyîyòÜ%!ú !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

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4. ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ v z ôyîyòÜ%!ú !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

5. !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ xy˛ô!ò Ó Ïúò ˆÎ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ì% úòyÎ˚ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ x!ïÑ˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈⁄________________________________________________________________

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6. ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛Ü%!ú !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________

7. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛ ÏíÓ˚ xy Ï ô!«˛Ñ˛ !Ñ˛⁄________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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ˆòy›˛

39506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

8. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛ ÏíÓ˚ !ü«˛yÜì˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó%ò–________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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2.8 xy¢%ò xyõÓy ¢Ç!«˛Æ Ñ˛!Ó

!ü«˛y !üü% ÏîÓ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛ ÏüÓ ¢ ÏAÜ xì˛ƒyÓüƒÑ˛#ζ˛y ÏÓ ¢ÇÎ%=˛– !ü«˛yÓ ú«˛ƒ £ Ïúy !üü% ÏîÓ

xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ ¢_yÓ ˛ô!Ó˛ô)í≈¶˛y ÏÓ Ó!£≈≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛Óy– ~›˛y Óúy £Î ˆÎ ~Ñ˛ãò !üü% !Ñ˛ä%È fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛

˜Ó!üT˛ƒ !ò ÏÎ ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ~›˛y£z !ü«˛yÓ ü!=˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ Ó,!Âï ÏÑ˛

úyúò ˛ôyúò Ñ˛Óy– Ó,!Âï £ Ïúy ÓyÜ õyòy Ïòy ÎyÎ òy ~õò ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á ì˛yÓ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ö˛¢ú–

ÓÇüÓyî#Ó˚y îy!Ó Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò ˆÎ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ Ïúy ¢¡ô)í≈ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ˆÎ Ï£ì% ~›˛y !fiÌÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ

~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ !ӰψÏÎ˚ ¢Ó!Ñ˛ä%ȈÏÑ˛ Ñ˛yˆÏã úyÜyÎ˚– Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ ãß√Üì˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!úÓ˚

ˆÎyÜö˛ ÏúÓ ¢õÓyÎ !£¢y ÏÓ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ !Ó ÏÓ!â˛ì˛ £Î– ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü ˆ¢£z¢Ó ü!=˛Ó ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ Îy

Óƒ!=˛Ó v z ôÓ !Ñ  Îy Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ܶ≈ yÓfiÌyÓ ˛ôÓñ Ñ  õyò%¢y ÏÓ !üü% !ÓÑ˛!üì˛ £Îñ ~›˛y£z ÓÇüÜì˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£

Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ õ Ïïƒ áyì˛ÈÙÈ≤Ã!ì˛áy Ïì˛Ó ˛ô!Óí!ì˛– Ü ÏÓ°Ïíy ≤Ãõyí Ñ˛ ÏÓ ˆÎ ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ ˜Ó!ü ÏT˛ƒÓ

≤à ÏÎyãò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü v z¶˛ ÏÎÓ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ ãòƒ–

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü v z¶˛ ÏΣz ¢õ¶˛y ÏÓ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ~ÓÇ £y Ïì˛ £y Ïì˛ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛ ÏÓñ v z¶˛ ÏΣz Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ  õ

Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ x˛ô!Ó£yÎ≈– xòƒ Ñ˛ÌyÎñ xyõÓy Óú Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ ˆÎ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü £ Ïúy v z¶˛ ÏΣz

˛ô!Ó˛ô)ÓÑ˛– ~Óy ~Ñ˛£z î,!T˛ ÏÜyâ˛Ó Óhfl% Ó õ%ÖFäÈ!Ó–

2.9 xy˛ôòyÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛ÓyÓ v z_Ó¢õ)£

1. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ £ˆÏúy ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤Ã!Ñ  Î˚y ÎyÓ˚ õyÏõ ˆÑ˛y°ÏÜ%!ú ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á õyò!¢Ñ˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ Ó£ò

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~Ü%!ú fiÌyòâ% ƒì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ ãß√úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

2. ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛ ì˛yÓ˚ Ó,!Âï Á !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆÎ v˛zj#˛ôòyÜ%!ú ˆ˛ôˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚˛ôy!Ÿª≈Ñ˛

xÓfiÌy ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˆ¢Ü%!ú ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ñ õyò!¢Ñ˛ Á ≤ÃyˆÏ«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ ˆâ˛£yÓ˚yˆÏì˛–

3. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v z˛ôyîyòÜ%!ú £ˆÏúy !ãòñ üyÓ˚#!Ó˚Ñ˛ Ó˚) ôñ v˛zFâ˛ì˛yñ â˛yõv˛¸yÓ˚ Ó˚Ç ~ÓÇ ¢Ó x!¶˛Óƒ!=˛–

4. ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ v˛z˛ôyîyò¢õ)£ Î%=˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ¢õhfl˛Ï !Ñ˛ä%ȈÏì˛ Îy xyõÓ˚y â˛yÓ˚˛ôyˆÏü ˆî!Ö Á ü%!ò–

~Ü%!ú xyˆÏäÈ ≤ÃyÑ,˛!ì˛Ñ˛ñ ¢yÇfl,Ò!ì˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ î,!T˛ˆÏÑ˛yˆÏí–

5. ~›˛y fl˛∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ ˆÎ ~Ñ˛›˛y Óyá ~Ñ˛›˛y Óƒyá  ÓyFäÈyˆÏÑ˛ ãß√ ˆîÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚y ãß√ !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òy

~Ñ˛›˛y £yì˛#Ó˚ ÓyFäÈyˆÏÑ˛– ¢hs˘˛yò fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ ¢Ó ≤Ãïyò Ü%íyÓú# v˛z_Ó˚y!ïÑ˛yÓ˚

¢)ˆÏe ˛ôyÎ˚– v zîy£Ó˚íì˛É Óyõò !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ˆäȈÏúˆÏõˆÏÎ˚Ó˚y Óyõò £ˆÏÎ˚ ãß√yÎ˚–

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ˆòy›˛

40 D.El.Ed. 506

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

6. ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !ò!ÿ˛ì˛¶˛y ÏÓ ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ xyâ˛Ó˚íïyÓ˚yÓ˚ õ%ÖFäÈ!Ó ÏÑ˛ ≤ö˛y!Óì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– v zîy£Ó˚íì˛É

ˆÎ ÎõãÓ˚y ˛ô,ÌÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ÜˆÏv ¸ ÁˆÏ‡˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ˛ôyúÑ˛ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ Ü%íyÓú# @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ÎbÓyò

£Î˚ñ ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙȶ˛y°Ïy xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚y !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚– x!ü!«˛ì˛ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ

~Ñ˛ãò !üü% ãß√@˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïú ˆ¢ 10 ÓäȈÏÓ˚ ˆ˛ôÔ§äÈyˆÏòyÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ îü!›˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ¶˛y°Ïy !üÖˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

7. ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ Ó,!ÂïˆÏì˛ ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ≤ö˛yÓ x!mì˛#Î˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚y ~Ñ˛£z õ%oyÓ˚

î%!›˛ !îÑ˛– ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓüÈÙÙÙÈv z¶˛ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ö˛ú £ Ïúy ~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛– ≤ö˛y ÏÓÓ˚ õyey £Î˚

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛Ó˚ v z˛ôyîyò¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ òy £Î˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüÜì˛ v˛z ôyîyò¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ !¶˛ß¨ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~›˛y

!ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ x¶˛ƒyˆÏ¢Ó˚ !üü%Ó˚ ˆÓˆÏv˛¸ Á‡˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í– ~Ó˚) Ï˛ôÓ˚ v˛zîy£Ó˚í ˆÎõò

Ó#ã Á õy!›˛ = v˛zͲôyîò Ñ˛Ó˚yñ ~ÓÇ õ)úïò Á !Ó!òˆÏÎ˚yÜ = xyÎ˚ñ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏ˛ô!«˛Ñ˛

ì˛yͲôÎ≈ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˆîÁÎ˚y £Î˚–

8. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ !ü«˛yÜì˛ xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ xÌ≈ £ˆÏúy !ò¡øÓ˚)˛ô !£¢yˆÏÓ

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í !ü«˛Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢«˛õ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ˜Ó°ÏˆÏõƒÓ˚

¢yõ!Î˚Ñ˛ Ñ˛yÓ˚í¢õ)£ ~ÓÇ ~›˛y !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ !¶˛ß¨ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ £…y¢ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˆ◊í#Ñ˛ˆÏ«˛ !òˆÏî≈üòy ≤Ãîyò

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ~›˛y Á ˆ◊í# !ü«˛ ÏíÓ˚ ¢õ¢% ÏÎyÜ ¢Ó˚ÓÓ˚y£ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !ü«˛Ñ˛ xò%Ñ˛Ó˚í ÏÎy܃ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

xÓú¡∫ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òñ ÎÌyÎÌ !ü«˛í v˛z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ xˆÏòÑ˛

Óƒy˛ôÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ xò%≤Ãy!íì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò–

2.10 ¢%ôy!ÓüÑ, ì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ Á v z ÏÕ‘Öƒ1. Hurlock, Elizabeth B. (1973) Adolescent Development, McGraw Hill–

TOKYO.2. Jersild, Arthur Thomas, (1957); Psychology of Adolescence, Macmillan,

Michigan3. Chauhan, SS (2010) Advanced Educational Psychology Vikas Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi4. Sharma, Sagar & Nanda, SK (1967) Fundamental Educational Psychology,

NBS Educational Publishers, Chandigarh.5. Chaube, S.P & Chaube, Akhilesh (1996) Educational Psychology and

Experiments Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.

2.11 ü∑ ¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô / ü∑ ÏÑ˛y°Ï

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ (Horidity) : !üü% ì˛yÓ˚ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ãß√¢)ˆÏe ˆÎ ˜î!£Ñ˛ Á

õòhfl˛Ïy!_¥Ñ˛ Ü%íyÓú# ˛ôyÎ˚–

Page 48: D.El.Ed. Title 506-BLOCK 1====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/14247/course...ÁˆÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ı !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ı

ˆòy›˛

41506-Block1 : ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü (Environment) : ˆ¢£z ˛ôy!Ó˚˛ôy!Ÿª≈Ñ˛ xÓfiÌy ÎyÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ !üü%/~Ñ˛ãò Óƒ!=˛

úy!úì˛ÈÙÈ˛ôy!úì˛ £Î˚ñ ¢õhfl Ï ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛¢£ Îy !üü% Ó!£≈ÈÙÈ!ÓŸª ˆÌ ÏÑ˛

˛ôyÎ˚–

õ Ïòy¶˛yÓ (Attitude) : ~!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ õyò!¢Ñ˛ xÓfiÌy ÎyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˛ôäÈ® Á x˛ôäÈ®

≤Ã!ì˛ö˛!úì˛ £Î˚–

≤ÃÓíì˛y (Aptitude) : ~Ñ˛!›˛ fl˛∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ «˛õì˛y Óy ~Ñ˛!›˛ ì˛y–

ˆÑ ˛yˆÏõyˆÏãyõ ˆÑ˛y°Ï¢õ)£ Îy ˆÎˆÏÑ˛yò ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ ¢¡∫rï#Î˚ ì˛Ìƒ !˛ôì˛yõyì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yäÈ

(Chromosomes) : ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ x“ ÓÎ˚flÒ ÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ ≤Ãî_ £Î˚–

˛ô!Ó˚íõò (Maturation) : Ó,!Âï Óy ˛ô!Ó˚íõò Óy ˛ô!Ó˚˛ôE˛ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤Ã!Ñ  Î˚y–

Ó%!Âï (Intelligence) : ˆÎ ˆÑ˛yò Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ ˛õ Ó£ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ~!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢«˛õì˛y Óy «˛õì˛y Óy

õyò!ÓÑ˛ ¢«˛õì˛y ˆÎõòñ xÌ≈ ô)í≈ !â˛hs˘˛ò–

áy ÖyÁÎ˚y (Impinge) : }òydÑ˛ ≤ö˛yÓ ÌyÑ˛y–

¢ÇÜ!ì˛ (Correction) : ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ ÌyÑ˛y–

Óƒ!ì˛Ñ  õ# (Exceptional) : !ÓÓ˚ú «˛õì˛y Á ÈÙÈÈÙÈÈÙÈ ¢£ !üü%Ó˚y–

ã#Ó ÏÑ˛y°Ï/º%ò (Zygot) : !v˛¡∫ Óy º%ˆÏòÓ˚ !õúò–

¢õ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã ≤à Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ ˆ«˛ Ïe xò%Ó) ô xÌÓy î% Ï›˛y ¢hs˘ y ÏòÓ õ Ïïƒ !ò!Óv˛ ¢yî,üƒ–

(Identical twins) :

!¶˛ß¨ ÏÑ˛y°Ï# Îõã î%£z ¶˛y£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ~Ñ˛£z ˆîÖˆÏì˛–

(Fraternal twins) :

2.12 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ xò%ü#úò#

1. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ì˛yͲôÎ≈ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚%ò–

2. ÓÇüÜ!ì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏüÓ˚ !ü«˛yÜì˛ xhs˘˛!ò≈!£ì˛ xÌ≈ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚%ò–