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Deductive reasoning and logicDeductive reasoning and logic
Making connections
How crime scene analysis worksHow crime scene analysis works
• The first step to crime scene analysis is making observations.
• Observations lead to questions…or…problem statements.
• Example: What crime was committed?
Who committed this crime?
How was this crime committed?
Using logicUsing logic
Logic: a system of reasoning and inferences (conclusions that are based on observations)
• In context of forensics: does the evidence and the description make sense?
• Example: A body was found in an alley. The body had multiple stab wounds but there is very little blood at the crime scene.
• What is one logical explanation/inference of the crime that you can make with this information?
Deductive reasoningDeductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning: A thought process that investigators use to assemble the pieces of a criminal puzzle to reach a logical conclusion.
Looking at factsLooking at facts(AN example of deductive reasoning)(AN example of deductive reasoning)
• Facts: – Ice cream sales go down in the winter– Statistics show that there are fewer instances
of domestic violence in the winter
• Facts:– Ice cream sales go up in the summer– Statistics show that there are more instances
of domestic violence in the summer
What is the logical link?What is the logical link?
• When ice cream sales go up domestic violence goes up.
• When ice cream sales go down domestic violence goes down.
• Conclusion: The more ice cream that is sold, the more domestic violence there will be…the less ice cream sold the less domestic violence
Cause and effectCause and effect
• Describe the cause and effect of ice cream and domestic violence…
• If ice cream sales stop then domestic violence will also stop.
• Do the two really go together?
• While it may seem like the two go together, it does not mean that ice cream sales really effect domestic violence
• What we see when we look at the facts is a relationship that really doesn’t exist because we are only seeing a part of the whole picture…leading to misinterpretation
• What are some other pieces of the puzzle that we haven’t seen yet?
ReasoningReasoning
• False reasoning, as we just saw, can lead to errors and misunderstandings or misinterpretation when evaluating evidence and results.
Sound reasoningSound reasoning
• As experts with a lot of experience, many forensic scientists use a combination of suspicion and reasoning to help solve crimes.
• Using sound reasoning allows for valuable interpretation of evidence while still maintaining objectivity