DCN: 2018-BOS-009 SOP-1, Template 1: Initial Environmental ... · SOP-1, Template 1: Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE) ... Banja Luka, Banovici, Bihac, Centar Sarajevo, Han

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BiH/ Via Dinarica 1 EE.BEU Standard Form: IEE.v3

SOP-1, Template 1: Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE)

US Agency for International Development (USAID) Via Dinarica

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Program/Project/Activity Data

Activity/Project Name: Via Dinarica: Rural Incomes and Sustainable Enterprises

Assistance Objective: Economic Development

Program Area: Program Area 4.1: Private Sector Competitiveness

Country(ies) and/or Operating Unit: Bosnia

Originating Office: Economic Development Office

Date: April 5, 2018

PAD Level IEE: Yes No Supplemental IEE: Yes NoRCE/IEE Amendment: Yes No

DCN of Original RCE/IEE:

DCN of Amendment(s):

If Yes, Purpose of Amendment (AMD):

DCN(s) of All Related EA/IEE/RCE/ER(s): 2014-BOS-009

Implementation Start/End: AMD FY18 – FY21 LOP: FY 2018-2021

Funding Amount: AMD Amount: LOP Amount: $999,671

Contract/Award Number (if known): Recommended Environmental Determination:

Categorical Exclusion: Positive Determination: Negative Determination: Deferral:

Additional Elements:

Conditions: Local Procurement: Government to Government: Donor Co-Funded: Sustainability Analysis (included): Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis (included):

1. Background and Project Description

1.1. Purpose and Scope of IEE: This IEE covers a single activity, “Via Dinarica: Rural Incomes and Sustainable Enterprises”. The USAID Economic Development Office and Program Office are amending the PAD to include this activity, which will be a three year activity not to exceed $999,671, subject to the availability of funds in accordance with the USAID appropriation and allotment process. In addition, UNDP, the implementer, is contributing $435,960 for the management and implementation of this activity. This activity will be funded from Program Area 4.1: Private Sector Competitiveness; 4.6.1: Business Enabling Environment. This activity directly contributes to “Result 2.1: “Improved capacity of the private sector to compete in a market economy”. Funds will be made available in the form of a PIO Grant to UNDP in United States dollars and local currency as deemed necessary and appropriate. No obligation of funds will occur until all pre-obligation requirements are met.

This IEE is requesting a Negative Determination with Conditions because there is $280,000 set aside for small scale infrastructure improvement. This includes, improvement of mountain accommodation facilities, marking and placing trail signage, and improving bed and breakfast accommodations along the trail. Each rehabilitation activity will not be more than $20,000;

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therefore 611(e) requirements are not applicable because the threshold will not be met of $1 million for each rehabilitation activity (building, bridge, road, etc.). The activity will comply with the USAID policy on implementation of construction activities through an assistance award, as the requisite conditions are met. Specifically:

The award will be made under a PIO Grant;

The construction activities are only a portion of all award activities,

o The estimated cost of a single project site is less than $20,000

o The total aggregate cost of construction is less than $10,000,000;

o Construction activities are explicitly stated in the budget; and

o A term of substantial involvement will provide the right of the Agreement Officer’s Representative (AOR) to halt construction.

1.2. Project Overview The “Via Dinarica: The “Via Dinarica: Rural Incomes for Sustainable Enterprises ” is the follow-on to the Via Dinarica: A Platform for Sustainable Tourism Development and Local Economic Growth” that was co-led by USAID and UNDP. This activity will focus on development of the Via Dinarica Trail, which stretches over 700 km along the southern mountain range of the Dinarica Alps in Southeast Europe through Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Serbia. Geographically, BiH lies in the center of the Via Dinarica mega trail and offers extraordinary beauty and value both in terms of natural and cultural heritage, as well as substantial potential for rural tourism development and rural community livelihoods. Rural products and assets fruits, vegetables, pickles, medicinal and aromatic herbs, tea infusions, milk, dairy product; handicrafts, integrated into the broader tourism value chains along the Via Dinarica trails will expand economic opportunities and livelihoods for rural communities and local businesses.

1.3. Project Description The activity is designed with the overall objective to contribute to the reduction of economic, social, and regional disparities in BiH rural areas BiH through the affirmation of the Via Dinarica as a regional tourism destination and increase BiH’s competitiveness in nature-based tourism. The activity will expand on the achievements of the Via Dinarica I Activity tourism product that provides sustainable livelihoods for a broad range of stakeholders. The purpose of this Activity is to establish the Via Dinarica corridor as a community-owned and operated tourism product that provides sustainable livelihoods for a broad range of stakeholders in rural areas. The purpose will be achieved by the following objectives: Component 1: Improved capacities of Rural SMEs along Via Dinarica to provide tourism services Improvement of tourism infrastructure (hiking and biking trails, outdoor camping facilities, etc.), accommodation facilities (mountain huts, B&Bs) and assist tourism service providers to diversify the tourism packages on offer and strengthen their organizational and management capacities. These actions will be focused particularly on the White and Green Trails. The main target groups under this component are mountain associations, small businesses (owners of B&Bs/guesthouses), tourism organizations, and tour operators along the Via Dinarica White and Green Trails. Activities under this component are designed to ultimately contribute to an increase of the number of beds within tourist accommodation facilities along the Via Dinarica Trails with at least 60, while in parallel stimulate an increase of the number of tourist overnight stays in these facilities with at least 10% annually. Moreover, it is expected that the project component will contribute to an average of 1% annual growth of employed in tourism industry within target areas, where at least 40% of those are women.

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Component 2: Improved accessibility of Via Dinarica trails Proper maintenance and marking of a new 250 km of Via Dinarica trails in Bosnia and Herzegovina is crucial for the mere existence of Via Dinarica as a tourism destination, and as such is an absolute prerequisite for creating economic opportunities for the population living along the Via Dinarica. Working in partnership with and co-funding by participating local self-government units and mountain and associations. Illustrative activities include:

Placing standardized signage and marking the settlements, important intersections, border crossings (Izačić, Strmica, Kamensko, Osoje, Hum, Vitine, Klobuk, etc.) and maintain GPS to further improve connectivity among Via Dinarica destinations;

Map arteries linking the Trails with cultural, natural and historic heritage sites and record them in the Outdoor Active web platform and Via Dinarica mobile application, thus making them an integral part of the Via Dinarica offer;

Closely work with local authorities, communities and private sector to allocate/provide funds for maintenance of Via Dinarica trails in the future thus creating sustainable model for tourism development and job creation. The MOUs will be signed with local authorities specifying scope and level of maintenance, including effects of natural elements such as erosion, storms and environmental hazards.

Objective 3: Via Dinarica outreach platform and outreach activitie The activity will continue to promote the Via Dinarica brand in Bosnia and Herzegovina and globally. The illustrative activities include:

Build capacity of the UNDP field partner Terra Dinarica to become a self-sustainable info center that would serve as liaison with local institutions, tourism service providers and other Via Dinarica stakeholders including the centers throughout the region;

Further develop Via Dinarica online web platform as a database for accommodation services, hiking, biking, rafting tours, networking events and conferences. A Via Dinarica map will be built and maintained into the web portal as an interactive display of geographic information ;

Organize regional networking event to initiate regional cooperation among Via Dinarica stakeholders at the regional level to maximize the quality of service and impact;

The direct beneficiaries include:

The small businesses/entrepreneurs along the Via Dinarica rural areas (producers of local traditional products, small-scale agricultural producers, accommodation providers, tour operators, nature-based services providers, etc. The activity will ensure that at least 40% of supported small businesses/new employment will be women-led;

Local governments including local development agencies and other local organizations; and National parks, nature parks/monuments, protected landscapes and local businesses operating in a

broader area along the Trails and main urban areas;

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The indirect beneficiaries include: Civil society organizations along the Via Dinarica Trails, youth organizations, women’s

associations, and eco-tourism organizations

The overall outcome of the activity is that by 2021 the economic, social and regional disparities in BiH are reduced through affirmation of the Via Dinarica as a regional tourism destination and increased competitiveness of nature-based tourism. The activity will measure the following higher level outcome indictors which will feed directly into the results of Project 2.1:

Number of private enterprises improving management practices as a result of USAID assistance (disaggregated by gender);

Increased in sales in assisted enterprises; Number of direct jobs resulting from USAID assistance; Number of part-time jobs resulting from USAID assistance Number of visitors

2. Baseline Environmental Information

Locations Affected and Environmental Context The activities under this activity will be implemented exclusively in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project team will work with both entity governments (Federation of BiH and Republika Srpska). From the public sector side, the principal partners will be the local governments, local development agencies, cantonal governments, two entity governments and the Stategovernment and relevant public-sector bodies and agencies. The three lines of the Via Dinarica trail were determined during the pilot project “Walking the Via Dinarica”. The table below lists all of the municipalities the trails will cross through. The activity will work closely with government leaders in each of these locations.

White Trail area:

Foča, Kalinovik, Gacko, Trnovo (FBiH), Trnovo (RS), Sarajevo, Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar, Posušje, Tomislavgrad, Prozor-Rama, Livno. Variants and arteries: Sarajevo, Hadžići, Kreševo, Gornji Vakuf, Bugojno Istocni Drvar, Kupres, and Nevesinje

Blue Trail area:

Čapljina, Neum, Ravno, Trebinje, Ljubuški, and Grude

Green Trail area:

Banja Luka, Banovici, Bihac, Centar Sarajevo, Han Pijesak, Ilijaš, Istočni Stari Grad, Jajce, Kakanj, Kladanj, Ključ, Kotor Varoš, Krupa na Uni, Maglaj, Olovo, Pale, Prijedor, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sokolac, Srebrenica, Stari Grad Sarajevo, Vareš, Višegrad, Vlasenica, Zavidovići, Zenica, and Žepče.

2.1 Description of Applicable Environmental and Natural Resource Legal Requirements Policies, Laws, and Regulations

BiH has a State level government, which is administratively subdivided into two entity governments: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS). The FBIH is further subdivided into 10 cantons. The Municipal level is the lowest form of government. In addition to the entities, which are divided into municipalities, there is also Brcko District. There are no institutions at the State level that are entirely dedicated to either environmental protection or agricultural development. In other words, there is no State level Ministry for the Environment or

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Agriculture. Neither are there laws on environment at the State level. As per the Constitution, Entity level governments regulate environmental issues through their laws, regulations, and standards. However, the Ministry for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (MoFTER) has been delegated to manage certain environmental and agricultural issues at the State level in the absence of dedicated State level Ministries as per the Law on Ministries and other bodies of administration of BiH (Official Gazette of BiH, No. 5/03) enacted in March 2003. MoFTER is responsible for defining and coordinating activities between the Entity authorities and institutions at the international level, in the field of environmental protection, agriculture, energy, and natural resources and administer enforcement of relevant laws and other regulations. In order to improve and standardize environmental legislation, both entities drafted a set of six environmental laws that are largely in accordance with EU acquis: 1. The Framework Law on Environmental Protection; 2. The Law on Air Protection; 3. The Law on Water Protection; 4. The Law on Waste Management; 5. The Law on Nature Protection, and 6. The Law on the Fund for Environmental Protection. These laws represent a framework for the legal protection of the environment, setting forth basic principles of protection, defining basic notions and terms, as well as authorities responsible for policy implementation. They also lay down basic rules for drafting specific measures in the function of environmental protection policy implementation, as well as that of environment conservation and improvement. All activities under the “Via Dinarica: A Platform for Sustainable Tourism Development and Local Economic Growth” will abide by the six environmental laws above.

22. Country/Ministry/Municipality Environmental Capacity Analysis

Federation BiH Environmental management in the Federation BiH is uneconomical and unsustainable. The main reason for this serious lack of coordination, disorientation, and duplication between the different levels of administration responsible for environmental issues lies in the fact that institutionalized mechanisms and channels for exchange of information virtually do not exist. In addition to the relevant ministries involved in the environment and biodiversity, the Federation has quite an impressive number of specialist institutions that provide expert consulting, inspection and monitoring, and/or services that protect citizens, property and the environment/biodiversity from natural disasters. These institutes and agencies work under relevant ministries or report directly to the government. While the structure and number of institutions is rather impressive, the lack of inter-ministry coordination on all levels, as well as weak information exchange, are serious issues that impede and obstruct efficient environment/biodiversity management. Additionally, inadequate experience in environmental management of ministerial staff often results in serious gaps between the legal requirements and actual implementation

The environmental protection legal framework in FBiH consists of five laws that were developed

and adopted in 2003 at the entity level: • Law on Environmental Protection; • Law on Nature Protection; • Law on Waste Management;

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• Law on Air Protection; and • Law on Environmental Protection Fund.

Adoption of these laws was a crucial step towards harmonizing BiH legislation with the EU. Although, FBiH adopted several of the sub-laws that harmonized many aspects of environmental protection with the EU legislation, the process of harmonization is far from finished. The process of harmonization must continue in order for FBiH to meet all EU directives related to regulating the environment. The main impediments to harmonization are the lack of a vision and the lack of a strategy for improving the efficiency of the harmonization processes.

Furthermore, harmonization of legislation is required within the legal structure in the entity and cantonal governments. The environmental laws adopted in 2003 were at the entity level, and some cantons have never adopted cantonal laws. In addition, some cantonal laws were adopted prior to the year 2003; so many provisions in these laws are inconsistent with the 2003 entity environmental laws.

The Republika Srpska (RS) The institutional framework for environment in the RS is simpler than the one in FBiH. There are only two levels of administration in the RS: entity and local. Similarly to FBiH, there are public enterprises tasked with specific consulting, monitoring or other services related to the environment.

At the entity level, the Ministry for Spatial Planning, Construction, and Ecology is responsible for all issues related to the environment. This Ministry is responsible for drafting and adopting laws, implementing laws relevant to environmental protection, recommending areas to be protected, and monitoring and supervising work of local/municipal administrations. Within this ministry, there is a specialized department that handles environmental issues. Some responsibilities at the entity level related to the environment are also delegated to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Works; the Ministry of Education; and the Ministry of Trade and Tourism. The roles and responsibilities of each of these ministries have been defined by the Law on Ministries (2002). This same law provides for the role of the Public Institute for Protection of Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of Republika Srpska. This institution is tasked with all works related to protected areas, including updating the register of protected areas. They also provide expert and consulting services related to protection of the RS. In its work, the institute cooperates with other public institutions in the RS, such as faculties, museums, etc. In addition, and similarly to FBiH, there are public enterprises that manage natural parks. In the RS, there are two such institutions that are responsible for the national nature parks, Sutjeska and Kozara. Also, there is a public enterprise “Srpske Sume” that is responsible for overall management of all forests in the RS.

The most significant legislative reform related to the environment in the RS was the adoption of a set of entity laws on the environment. This set of five laws was drafted and adopted by both entities at the same time and are harmonized with EU legislation regulating the environment. Furthermore, and similarly to FBiH, there are other pieces of legislation that regulate certain aspects of the environment that were adopted in the RS. These include the following:

• Law on Forests (2003); • Law on Hunting (2002); • Law on National Parks (2005); • Law on Waters (2006); • Law on Agricultural Lands (2006); • Law on Fishing (2002); • Law on Communal Police (2003); • Law on Fees for Utilizing Natural Resources for Energy Generation (2003); and • Law on Environmental Fund (2002).

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The Republika Srpska is facing some of the same issues as FBiH, including the requirement for full harmonization of its legislation with EU regulations. As previously stated, in order to harmonize its legislation with the EU, the BiH government started revising existing laws in 2006. This project was financed by the EC with the ultimate goal of monitoring the level of harmonization with EU regulations.

2.3 Sustainability Analysis

The Via Dinarica activity will facilitate the establishment of trail-based networks bringing together all relevant stakeholders in a partnership mechanism enabling exchange of ideas, experiences, practices, and joint action. Therefore, all actions under this component will be characterized by a participatory and community-driven approach, thus ensuring ownership and sustainability of results. Such networking events will also foster community-based tourism development and raise interest among a wider group of stakeholders to engage in tourism-related activities within relevant communities. Moreover, the project will encourage engagement of relevant policy-makers in the networking and discussion activities, thus increasingly raising the interest to and support from higher government levels’ institutions for the broader success and sustainability of the Via Dinarica concept. Local governments will also be important partners and the project will seek to motivate their support and contribution to the Via Dinarica concept, as well as foster inter-municipal partnerships for sustainable tourism development and livelihoods.

The activities related to the improvement of socio-economic conditions of communities through their inclusion in income generating activities are designed in a way to ensure the delivery of self-sustainable results: the combination of capacity-building and direct financial assistance is expected to allow for the sustainable growth of local business activities. Sustainability with this regard will be measured with % of tourism-related employed (against total employment) in target areas and the % of increase in the household income of direct project beneficiaries. The activity does not include any negative impacts on environmental sustainability. On the contrary, the support offered to the safeguarding of cultural and natural heritage will also contribute to the reduction of environmental risks associated to their deterioration and longer-term environmental sustainability.

2.4 Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis

This Activity is not expected to have significant impact on climate. The Via Dinarica concept promotes tourism for the purpose of the sustainable economic development of the countries along its corridors, while preserving the environment and respecting the sociocultural diversity and authenticity of communities. Tourism, as a mayor focus of the Project stimulates measures to protect or conserve nature, while at the same time presents a significant environmental risk because of its demands and effects on natural resources. Thanks to the diversity of its flora and fauna, Bosnia and Herzegovina tops the Dinaric region’s biodiversity index. However, numerous illegal waste dumps in nature not only damage the environment, but also minimize quality of tourism experience. Therefore, one of the Project’s main streamlines is to raise awareness on environmental protection, climate and sustainable tourism development, to ensure symbiotic integration of environmental conservation and tourism development objectives. Environment protection organizations are among direct project beneficiaries. All interventions to be implemented under this activity will have strong counseling elements for promoting best practices and technologies for climate resilience and sustainability. Through its capacity building component the activity will promote energy efficient appliances and products, use of solar energy, eco-labeled appliances, etc. In that sense it is expected that the activity will play a major role in awareness rising. The enclosed CRM table indicates that vast majority of the interventions implemented under this project is small in scale, and will have beneficial effects on the environment. The interventions listed in the table are indicative, and they were proposed in

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the application submitted to USAID by UNDP. They are result of the assessment that UNDP staffers performed along the trails that will be targeted by this project. Analysis of Potential Environmental Impact As provided in USAID regulation 22 CFR 216 Environmental Procedures, the majority of activities under this activity will likely fall under the categorical exclusion provided in Sections 216.2(c)(1)(i) and (c)(2)(i), for training and technical assistance, as they will not result in adverse environmental impacts. As outlined below, activities under Component 2 will have a potential impact on the environment and actions must be taken to mitigate any negative effects.

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3. Component 1: Improved capacities of Rural SMEs along Via Dinarica to provide tourism services

Defined/Illustrative Activities Potential Impacts

Potential Climate Risk

Climate Risk Rating

Opportunities for Climate Resiliency

1.1. Mountain accommodation facilities improvements: Small-scale reparations of mountain huts to be supported under the project include (but are not limited to): kitchen refurbishment, alternative energy sources (i.e. solar panels); improving toilet facilities, roof repairs, energy efficient windows, floor repairs, bedding, etc. The assistance will be provided in a form of a small grant (up to USD 11,500) to the relevant selected mountain clubs along the Via Dinarica Trails. 10% co-funding will be ensured by each grant beneficiary

Potential impacts to air, water, land, and Health and Safety

Low Low The implementer must incorporate numerous EU and local directives and environmental regulations pertaining to climate change, water, air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control, and trans border water management.

1.2. Support to improvement of tourism offers and services, identifying value chains (technical assistance and capacity building, grant funds for value chain participants-8 awards will be made. The average size of each grant will be 15,000 )

Potential impacts to air, water, land, and Health and Safety

Medium Medium The implementer must incorporate numerous EU and local directives and environmental regulations pertaining to climate change, water, air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control, and trans border water management.

1.3. Capacity development of relevant stakeholders along the Via Dinarica Trails

None Low Low The implementer shall incorporate specific legislation and best practices

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Climate Risk Rating


into the training and capacity building activities, such as energy efficiency, environmental protection, etc.

Component 2 : Improved accessibility of Via Dinarica trails



Climate Risk Rating


2.1. Trail marking: The accessibility, visibility and maintenance of the Via Dinarica Trails will be supported by trail marking, marking of landslide and land-mine areas, information boards and signs highlighting nature/cultural/historical/archaeological sites, restaurants, tourist accommodations and tourist destinations

Air, soil, water, waste, human health

Low Low The implementer must incorporate numerous EU and local directives and environmental regulations pertaining to climate change, water, air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control, and trans border water management.

2.2. Small interventions on local publicly owned tourism related facilities along the trials in partnership with local municipalities. The assistance will be provided under a grant-scheme, the priority locations identified as critical connecting points within both the White and Green Trails.


Medium Medium The implementer must incorporate numerous EU and local directives and environmental regulations pertaining to climate change, water, air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control, and trans

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Climate Risk Rating


Total 10 grants. Each grant will be approximately USD 20,000 (50% USAID and % 50% local governments/municipalities).

border water management.

Component 3: Via Dinarica outreach activities



Climate Risk Rating


3.1. Build capacity of the UNDP field partner Terra Dinarica to become a self-sustainable info center that would serve as liaison with local institutions, tourism service providers and other Via Dinarica stakeholders including the centers throughout the region;

N/A None Low n/a

3.2. Further develop Via Dinarica online web platform as a database for accommodation services, hiking, biking, rafting tours, networking events and conferences. A Via Dinarica Map will be built and maintained into the web portal as an interactive display of geographic information ;

N/A None Low n/a/

3.3. Organize regional networking event to initiate regional cooperation among Via Dinarica stakeholders at the regional level to maximize the quality of service and impact;

N/A None Low n/a

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4. Recommended Environmental Actions

4.1. Component 1: Improved capacities of Rural SMEs along Via Dinarica to provide tourism services

Defined/Illustrative Activities Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Recommended Threshold Determination

1.1 Mountain facilities improvements: Small-scale reparations of facilities to be supported under the project include (but are not limited to): kitchen refurbishment, alternative energy sources (i.e. solar panels); improving toilet facilities, roof repairs, energy efficient windows, floor repairs, bedding, etc. The assistance will be provided in a form of a small grant (up to USD 8,500) to the relevant selected mountain clubs along the Via Dinarica Trails. 10% co-funding will be ensured by each grant beneficiary

Air, soil, water, waste, human health - Local environmental laws will be followed - UNDP environmental regulations and

standards will be followed. UNDP will ensure that the environmental regulations and standards are strictly followed.

- Equipment will be used in an environmentally sound and safe manner

- Staff that constructs signs and marks trails will be supplied with the appropriate health and safety equipment to perform the assigned task safely (such as safety glasses and dust masks for painting, work gloves, etc).

- Waste generated from marking the trails and constructing signs will be properly disposed of according to EU or equivalent standards.

Negative Determination with Conditions.

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1.2. Support to improvement of tourism offers and services, identifying value chains (technical assistance and capacity building. Grants funds will be provided to identified value chain participants The average size of each grant will be $15,000


- Local environmental laws will be followed - UNDP environmental standards will be followed. UNDP will ensure that the environmental regulations and standards are strictly followed. - Equipment will be used in an environmentally sound and safe manner - An environmental checklist will be used in all small-scale infrastructure activities that ensure grantees are adhering to environmental standards. - Participants will be supplied with the appropriate health and safety equipment to perform the assigned task safely (such as safety glasses and dust masks for painting, work gloves, etc). Waste generated from small scale infrastructure activities will be properly disposed of according to EU or equivalent standards

Negative Determination

with Conditions.

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1.3. Capacity development of relevant stakeholders along the Via Dinarica Trails


Local environmental laws will be followed

- UNDP environmental standards will be followed. UNDP will ensure that the environmental

regulations and standards are strictly followed.

- Equipment will be used in an environmentally sound and safe

manner - An environmental

checklist will be used in all small-scale infrastructure activities that ensure grantees are adhering to

environmental standards. - Participants will be

supplied with the appropriate health and safety equipment to

perform the assigned task safely (such as safety glasses and dust

masks for painting, work gloves, etc).

Waste generated from small scale infrastructure activities will be

properly disposed of according to EU or equivalent standards


with Conditions.

4.2. Component 2 – Improved accessibility of Via Dinarica trails

Defined/Illustrative Activities Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Recommended Threshold Determination

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2.2. Trail marking: The accessibility, visibility and maintenance of the White and Green Trails will be supported by trail marking, marking of landslide and land-mine areas, information boards and signs highlighting nature/cultural/historical/archaeological sites, restaurants, tourist accommodations and tourist destinations


- Local environmental laws will be followed

- UNDP environmental regulations and standards will be followed. UNDP will ensure that the environmental regulations and standards are strictly followed.





with Conditions.

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2.3. Small interventions on local publicly owned tourism related facilities along the trials in partnership with local municipalities. The assistance will be provided under a grant-scheme, the priority locations identified as critical connecting points within both the White and Green Trails. Total 10 grants. Each grant will be approximately USD 20,000 (50% USAID and % 50% local governments/municipalities).


- Local environmental laws will be followed

- UNDP environmental standards will be followed. UNDP will ensure that the environmental regulations and standards are strictly followed.




Negative Determination with Conditions

4. Recommended Environmental Determination:

Categorical Exclusions: A categorical exclusion is recommended for the following identified activities under 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2):

Activity 3.1. and 3.2. under §216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.);

Activity 3.3. under §216.2(c)(2) (iii)Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings;

Negative Determination with Conditions:

Under §216.3(a)(2)(iii), a negative determination with conditions is recommended for activities 1.1., 1.2.,1.3, 2.2, 2.3. Specific terms and conditions are presented below in Section 4.3.

4.1. Terms and Conditions for negative determination: To ensure that mitigation and prevention of significant impact to environment, the implementers will be required to conduct an Environmental Review and Assessment (ER) Checklist or something similar according to UNDP environmental regulations in order to establish a baseline environmental data and identify potential environment impact of each of interventions carried out under Activities 1.1., 1.2., 2.2., 2.3. The implementer (UNDP) will apply the UN environmental standards and regulations in performing these tasks. The reports will be furbished to USAID AOR and the MEO on regular basis. Furthermore UNDP will be applying the standards risk assessment environmental screening to this activity ( attachment # IV,

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screening for the previous Via Dinarica activity). This standard screening includes assessment of different types of risks associated with every project implemented buy UNDP. In particular, the questioner addresses risks associated with: Health, Safety and occupation; Environmental risks and sustainability; Cultural heritage; Climate change; Pollution prevention and efficiency; and Biodiversity protection and conservation. The last report performed for the activity with identical scope indicated low risks in all categories.

UNDP regulations and standards can be found at their web sites enclosed below:

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/operations1/undp-social-and-environmental-standards.html

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/operations1/undp-social-and-environmental-screening-procedure.html

4.2. USAID Monitoring and Reporting

4.2.1 The AOR/COR, with the support of the MEO, is responsible for monitoring compliance of activities by means of desktop reviews and site visits.

4.2.2 If at any time the project is found to be out of compliance with the IEE, the AOR/COR or MEO

shall immediately notify the BEO. 4.2.3 A summary report of Mission’s compliance relative to this IEE shall be sent to the BEO on an

annual basis, normally in connection with preparation of the Mission’s annual environmental compliance report required under ADS 203.3.8.5 and 204.3.3.

4.2.4 The BEO or his/her designated representative may conduct site visits or request additional

information for compliance monitoring purposes to ensure compliance with this IEE, as necessary.

4.3 Implementing Partner (IP) Monitoring and reporting 4.3.1 All monitoring and reporting will be done according to the UNDP standards. The IP will develop

an EMMP plan according to the UNDP standards. 4.3.2 If an individual activity is found to pose significant adverse environmental effects that have not

been identified and addressed in the initial screening done by the IP, UNDP will inform AOR immediately of the issue. If required, new EMMPs shall be developed to include environmental safeguards for such effects.

4.3.2 IPs shall report on environmental compliance requirements as part of their routine project reporting

to USAID.

4.4. Mandatory Inclusion of Requirements in Solicitations, Awards, Budgets and Work-plans

4.4.1 Appropriate environmental compliance language, including limitations defined in Section 4, shall be. incorporated into solicitations and awards for this activity and projects budgets shall provide for adequate funding and human resources to comply with requirements of this IEE

4.4.2. Solicitations shall include Statements of Work with task(s) for meeting environmental compliance requirements and appropriate evaluation criteria.

4.4.3 Environmental mitigation and monitoring requirements, when available, shall also be included in solicitations and awards.

4.4.4. The IP shall incorporate conditions set forth in this IEE into their annual work plans.

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4.4.5. The IP shall ensure annual work plans do not prescribe activities that are defined as limitations, as defined in Section 6.

4.4.6 The USAID Mission will include an indicator for environmental compliance as part of the project’s performance monitoring plan.

4.5. Limitations of the IEE: This IEE does not cover activities (and therefore should changes in scope implicate any of the issues/activities listed below, a BEO-approved amendment shall be required), that:

4.5.1. Normally have a significant effect on the environment under §216.2(d)(1) [See http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/compliance/regulations.html]

4.5.2. Support project preparation, project feasibility studies, engineering design for activities listed in §216.2(d)(1);

4.5.3. Affect endangered species;

4.5.4. Result in wetland or biodiversity degradation or loss;

4.5.5. Support extractive industries (e.g. mining and quarrying);

4.5.6. Promote timber harvesting;

4.5.7. Provide support for regulatory permitting;

4.5.8. Result in privatization of industrial or infrastructure facilities;

4.5.9. Lead to new construction of buildings or other structures;

4.5.10 Assist the procurement (including payment in kind, donations, guarantees of credit) or use (including handling, transport, fuel for transport, storage, mixing, loading, application, cleanup of spray equipment, and disposal) of pesticides or activities involving procurement, transport, use, storage, or disposal of toxic materials and /or pesticides (cover all insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. covered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act); and

4.5.11. Procure or use genetically modified organisms.

5. Revisions

5.1. Under §216.3(a)(9), if new information becomes available that indicates that activities covered by the IEE might be considered major and their effect significant, or if additional activities are proposed that might be considered major and their adverse effect significant, this environmental threshold decision will be reviewed and, if necessary, revised by the Mission with concurrence by the BEO. It is the responsibility of the USAID COR/AOR to keep the MEO and BEO informed of any new information or changes in the activity that might require revision of this IEE.

DCN: 2018-BOS-009


5.1. Recommended Environmental Threshold Decision Clearances:

Approval :

_______________________________________ Peter Duffy, Mission Director

_____________________ Date

Clearance:

___________________________________________ Samir Dizdar, Mission Environmental Officer

_____________________ Date

Clearance :

___________________________________________ Dobrila Vukmanovic, Activity Manager/COR/AOR

_____________________ Date

Concurrence:

___________________________________________ Mark Kamiya E&E Bureau Environmental Officer

_5/29/2018________________ Date

Distribution: IEE File MEO (to also provide a copy to AOR/COR)

BiHCDCS er te Risk M tA Part I ~

DO or IR Summary of Risk to DO, IR, or supporting Integration into Next steps Accepted risks Potential Climate sectors strategy Is monitoring and/or

Impacts (Refer to Screening Output further analysis of risks What climate risks

for Details) How does the needed to inform does the Mission project planning, accept? Why? strategy address the design, and

risks? Include page implementation? What number. Note if a needs to be done at the

DO, IR, or sub-IR PAD and/or mechanism

specifically addresses levels to address the

the risks. risks?

. May be difficult to increase Potential impact on Mission activities: • No further analysis is . Risks to achieving

public confidence in the low/low . The Mission will consider needed results arc low for rule of law when citizens monitoring this IR for current and future arc focusing on meeting Adaptive Capacity: Institutional capacity is potential future climate time frames basic needs in times of low; financial resources arc not readily risk throughout the climate-related hazards available; complex administrative structure; Program Cycle, as leading to low levels or climate change awareness but appropriate. emergencies/disasters high motivation; ongoing conflicts across . Case backlog will increase political party lines

IR I. I : Justice sector during times or climate-r~(ormed in line with related hazards that lead to Timeframc: 10-15 years EU accession emergencies/disasters, principles . Possibility that funds for Mission Opportunities:

this IR would be realigned -National Satisfaction survey questions

to meet climate-related related to climate change to establish baseline

disaster response needs -Climate change (CC) adaptation integrated into PPPs/GDAs -include climate change language in RFAs/RFPs on raising awareness, considering CC impacts in proposals and applications -leverage trends with regards to CC issues . Climate change-related Potential impact on Mission activities: . The Mission will consider • No further analysis is • Risks to achieving

impacts could lead to low/low • monitoring this IR for needed results arc low for IR 1.2: More lower quality or potential future climate current and future e.ff'ective. accountable interrupted public service Adaptive Capacity: Institutional capacity is risk throughout the timcframes and representative delivery, resulting in low; financial resources are not readily Program Cycle, as governance at all greater dissatisfaction with available; complex administrative structure; appropriate. levels the government. low levels of climate change awareness but . Ineffective government high motivation; ongoing conflicts across

planning for climate- political party lines related hazards could lead

2

to increased dissatisfaction Timcframc: I0-15 years with government . Polls show that 64% of the Mission Opportunities: population would depart -National Satisfaction survey questions BiH immediately if an related to climate change to establish baseline opportunity existed to do -provide CC information to all levels of so; a poorly-functioning government to raise awareness social welfare system in a -help to establish CC adaptation networks country with --46% official -CC adaptation integrated into PPPs/GDAs unemployment rate could -discuss with donor community (in lead to "brain drain" and particular, DRR planning) migration at the first -include climate change language in opportunity; climate RFAs/RFPs on raising awareness, impacts would exacerbate considering CC impacts in proposals and this migration applications . Possibility that funds for -consider how to re-engage with the Green this IR would be realigned Party (although opportunities for to meet climate-related training/assistance need to be provided disaster response needs equitably to all political parties)

-lcvcra!!e trends with rcl!ards to CC issues . Citizens will be less Potential impact on Mission activities: . The Mission will consider engaged in governance if low/low • No further analysis is • Risks to achieving monitoring this IR for trying to afford/meet basic potential future climate

needed results arc low for the

needs for food, water, Adaptive Capacity: Institutional capacity is risk throughout the current timcframc

shelter, and low; financial resources are not readily Program Cycle, as and potentially low to

heating/cooling. available; complex administrative structure; appropriate. moderate for the

Hydropower may decrease low levels of climate change awareness but future timcframes

in future due to higher high motivation; ongoing conflicts across temps/regularly occurring political party lines droughts thereby increasing electricity costs. Timeframe: I0-15 years Droughts may result in

IR 1.3: Increased lower crop production, Mission Opportunities: engagement of leading to a reduction in -work with Civil Society on public policies citizens in food supply and higher relating to the environment and climate governance prices. change . Possibility that funds for -opportunities for professional media to

this IR would be realigned consider reporting on CC issues including to meet climate-related BiH government national adaptation plan disaster response needs and Low Emission Development Strategy

-National Satisfaction survey questions related to climate change to establish baseline -provide CC information to CSOs for potential advocacy opportunities; send via c-mail lists -help to establish CC adaptation networks -CC integrated into PPPs/GDAs -discuss with donor communitv (in

3

particular, DRR planning) -include climate change language in RFAs/RFPs on raising awareness, considering CC impacts in proposals and applications -consider how to engage environment and climate-change advocacy and research organizations -leverage trends with regards to CC issues

. Winter tourism is starting Potential impact on Mission activities: . The Mission will consider . No further analysis is . Risks to achieving to suffer due to warm low/low-moderate monitoring this IR for needed results arc low for winters potential future climate current timcframc . Shorter reservations in the Adaptive Capacity: risk throughout the and potentially low to mountain resorts whereas - Information: every other year information Program Cycle, as moderate for future before they used to stay I report is sent to the UN; government docs appropriate. timcframcs. Mission week+ have capacity to collect the information will conduct . Increase in temps is a big - Financial: funding is marginalized; there additional analysis as risk; biodiversity will be arc other priorities; environment and climate needed if monitoring affected change arc something they've been pushed indicates risks arc . Wood processing industry- into increasing. weather patterns -Human Capacity: responsibility at higher changing; outbreaks of level of the govt (Ministry of Security-bark beetles Agency for Civil Protection) . Water shortages and water -Social and Institutional Capacity: budgets quality arc worsened arc low for institutions; not well-trained during periods of drought staffers particularly at the lower level of the

IR 2. 1: Improved . Human health impacted government; questionable how much time capacity o.f private due to water shortages; they invest in the capacity of the staffers; sector to compete in hygiene impacts; nutrition equipment is lacking market economy effects; impacts to health

infrastructure Timcframc: 5-15 years . Landmincs being Mission Opportunities: uncovered by farmers

during landslides and -Promote summer tourism (e.g., rafting

flooding; 15% of forests programs); cultural tourism; ccotourism-

have landmincs from the protected areas and national parks -Increased tourism from the Middle East as war warming increases - Agriculture: diversify to crops that require less water and drought-tolerant varieties; facilitate irrigation systems - Growth in PPPs in energy, tourism - New suppliers and distributors in the energy sector -Workforce: new industries could pop up - Stakeholder consultations with those that can brine money or resources to the table

4

. Energy- moderate risk Potential impact on Mission activities: low- . The Mission will consider . No further analysis is . Risks to achieving {now and in future) moderate/moderate monitoring this IR for needed at this time. results arc low-. Operational costs will be potential future climate Mission will include moderate for current increased which could Adaptive Capacity: risk throughout the relevant climate change timcframc and decrease workforce - Information: every other year information Program Cycle, as impacts and potentially moderate . Decreased income to utility report is sent to the UN; government docs appropriate. opportunities in new for future companies have capacity to collect the information PAD and activity-level timcframcs. Mission . Increasing temperatures - Financial: funding is marginalized; there documents, as well as CC will conduct will lead to increase in arc other priorities; environment and climate impact language in additional analysis as cooling {which requires change arc something they've been pushed related RFAs/RFPs to needed if monitoring more energy, increases into ensure that new activities indicates risks arc costs) -Human Capacity: responsibility at higher arc sensitive to these increasing.

level of the govt {Ministry of Security- potential impacts and Agency for Civil Protection) actively seeking to adapt -Social and Institutional Capacity: budgets to/mitigate those impacts. arc low for institutions; not well-trained staffers particularly at the lower level of the government; questionable how much time

IR 2.2: Regulations they invest in the capacity of the staffers;

and policies.foster equipment is lacking

private sector Timcframc: 10-15 years

development and investment

Mission Opportunities: -Promote RE, investment in solar, biomass, wind resources - Promote water management policies to benefit ag, tourism, energy (country is rich in water) -Promote transnational cooperation due to shared climate impacts {water, energy, disease vectors) -Leverage solicitations, RFAs/RFPs for adaptation/mitigation - Develop procedures to ensure that the energy supply is not interrupted; these should be updated as needed; helps protect businesses - Speak more with partners about climate change effects in their activities

Cross-culling: //I/er- . It may be difficult to make Potential impact on Mission activities: . The Mission will consider • No further analysis is • Risks to achieving ethnic reconciliation: progress in the areas of low/low-moderate monitoring these cross- needed; mission will results arc low for women's inter-ethnic reconciliation, cutting issues for include relevant climate current timcframc

5

empowerment: youth; women's empowerment, Adaptive Capacity: Institutional capacity is potential future climate change impacts and and low to moderate anticorruption: CVE youth empowerment and low; financial resources arc not readily risk throughout the opportunities in PAD and for the future

development, available; complex administrative structure; Program Cycle, as activity-level documents, timcframc. The anticorruption and low levels of climate change awareness but appropriate. A potential as well as CC impact mission accepts the Countering Violent high motivation; ongoing conflicts across opportunity is during the language in related low to moderate risk Extremism when people political party lines mid-term strategy RFAs/RFPs to ensure for the future are struggling to meet review. that new activities arc timcframc as they do basic needs of food, Timeframc: 10-15 years sensitive to these not have any I Rs shelter, water and potential impacts and specifically focusing heating/cooling. Mission Opportunities: actively seeking to on these cross-cutting Hydropowcr may decrease -consider advocacy for an inter-ethnic mitigate those impacts. issues. in future due to higher disaster response team to facilitate inter-temps/regularly occurring ethnic reconciliation droughts thereby -National Satisfaction survey questions increasing electricity costs. related to climate change to establish baseline Droughts will also result in -provide CC information to CSOs for lower crop production, potential advocacy opportunities; send via e-leading to a reduction in mail lists food supply and higher -help to establish CC adaptation networks prices. with various groups . Possibility that funds for -CC integrated into PPPs/GDAs related cross-cutting -discuss with donor community (in activities would be particular, DRR planning) realigned to meet climate- -include climate change language in related disaster response RFAs/RFPs on raising awareness, needs considering CC impacts in proposals and

applications -leverage trends with regards to CC issues

6

BiH Climate Risk Management CDCS Annex Part II: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

What are the major sources ofGHG emissions (e.g., personal cars, power plants, landfills, industry, agriculture sector, deforestation, etc.)? How has the distribution and composition of the OHO emissions profile changed over time historically and how is the profile expected to change in the future considering the major emitting sectors and/or sources? How are the sectors and sources that contribute to OHO emissions contributing to the growth and development of the economy and to meeting development objectives? What climate change mitigation or low emissions development plans, targets, commitments, and priorities has the government (national, state and local) articulated? Which of these sectors is USAID planning to program in? What opportunities exist to reduce emissions in those sectors? What opportunities exist to reduce emissions associated with USAlD activities?

BiH's OHO emissions are dominated by emissions from energy. Within the sector, production of electricity and heat comprises 66% of energy emissions, transportation 14%, manufacturing and construction and other fuel combustion subsectors each account for 7%, and fugitive emissions 6%.

Primary energy supply in 2012 consisted of coal (66%), oil (23%), hydro (5%), natural gas (3%), and biofuels/waste (3%). The majority of power generation is from coal, with a substantial amount from hydro, and small contributions from gas and oil.

The lack of a clear trend in OHO emissions in BiH precludes the ability to confidently assess whether the country is becoming more or less carbon intensive. According to the Biennial Update Report, post-war economic recovery has been much slower than anticipated, with the 2012 share of GDP by sector as follows: 6% agriculture, forestry, and fishery; 22% industry and construction; and 56% services.

In future, BiH plans to reduce its projected growth in emissions by 2%, i.e., reduce the projected OHO increase from 20% to 18% relative to 1990 emissions by 2030. With international support, the country will reduce its projected emissions by 3% compared to 1990 levels.

BiH has a Climate Change Adaptation and Low Emission Development Strategy (developed with EU framework in mind), available at: http://www. ba. undp.org/content/bosnia and herzegov ina/ en/home/libra1y/ environment energy/climate-change-adaptation-and-low-emission-development-strategy-.html

The Economic Growth DO will promote renewable energy sources through its REAP activity, which closely aligns with BiH's Low Emission Development plan for a "green economy." In addition, this DO will also promote sustainable agricultural practices in targeted regions by considering flood and drought-resistant crop varieties.

Does the strategy incorporate ways to I (Mission to .fill in once strategy is drafted) reduce OHO? Reference the page number in the strategy. Note in particular if a Goal, the DO, or an IR

r

7

or sub-IR specifically incorporates mitigation. What are the next steps at the PAD (Mission to fill in once strategy is drafted) and/or mechanism levels to reduce greenhouse gases?

Documents

DCN: 2018-BOS-009 SOP-1, Template 1: Initial Environmental ... · SOP-1, Template 1: Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE) ... Banja Luka, Banovici, Bihac, Centar Sarajevo, Han