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1 Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Data Communication and Data Communication and Computer Network Computer Network

Data Communication and Computer Network

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Pengantar Teknologi Informasi sub pokok bahasan Komunikasi data dan jaringan komputer, meliputi : konsep, perangkat, metode komunikasi data dan konsep, perangkat, model, topologi, protokol dan manfaat jaringan komputer.Saran pengembangan silahkan hubungi :[email protected]

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Page 1: Data Communication and Computer Network

1Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

Data Communication and Data Communication and Computer NetworkComputer Network

Page 2: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 2

Data Communication and Computer Network

•• ReviewReview•• DefinisiDefinisi•• Communication ProcessorsCommunication Processors•• Communication MediaCommunication Media•• Computer NetworksComputer Networks•• Network DevicesNetwork Devices•• TopologyTopology

Page 3: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 3

Review

Computer

Main Memory

InputOutput

SystemsInterconnection

Peripherals

CentralProcessing Unit

Computer

Communication Devices

Private Area Network (PAN)

Page 4: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 4

DefinisiKomunikasi Data ?• Perpindahan encoded information berbantuan

sistem transmisi listrik via >= 1 jaringan data yang tergantung pada protocol.

• Transmisi elektronis informasi yang dikodekan secara digital.

Mengapa perlu komunikasi data ?• Mengirimkan / menerima email atau data• Saling tukar informasi jarak jauh.

Page 5: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 5

DefinisiProtocol • ~kumpulan aturan formal yang mendeskripsi bagaimana

transmisi data dalam jaringan, ada 2 jenis – Low level protocols mendefinisikan electrical & physical

standards yang diamati, bit- and byte-ordering, transmission & error detection + correction pd bit stream.

– High level protocols berkaitan dengan data formatting, termasuk sintaks pesan-pesan, terminal to computer dialogue, character sets, sequencing of messages etc.

Synchronous transmission • ~ Sebuah bentuk transmisi data di mana informasi dikirimkan

blok-per-blok bits terpisah dalam interval waktu sama.

Page 6: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 6

DefinisiAsynchronous transmission ~ Transmisi data satu karakter/waktu, panjang interval antar

transmittal beragam, dan adanya start bits di awal dan stop bits di akhir karakter untuk kendali transmisi.

Serial port ~ konektor yang menyambungkan saluran serial ke periferal yang

berkomunikasi menggunakan protocol serial (bit-stream) [contoh 25-pin D-type yang membawa sinyal EIA-232].

Parallel port ~ Antarmuka di mana data ditransfer masuk/keluar secara

paralel, kumpulan kawat paralel, tiap kawat membawa satu bit sehingga transfer data banyak.

Page 7: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 7

Definisi• Bauds (bits/sec.) rate ~ kecepatan perpindahan data

antar 2 perangkat.• Simplex [komunikasi 1 arah], half-duplex [kom. 2 arah

bergantian], full-duplex [komunikasi 2 arah serentak].• Coding [ASCII]• Compatibility ~ komputer menggunakan kode yang

sama untuk saling kirim/terima data, caranya sama [sinkron/asinkron], dan share common protocols & interfaces.

Page 8: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 8

Communication Processors• Pemisah end users dari komponen jaringan [fisik &

logik]• Front-end processor ~ perangkat yang terhubung

pada ≥ 1 komputer yang lebih besar• Intelligent switch (router) ~ pengatur jalur pesan-

pesan antar simpul jaringan, dikendalikan front-end processor.

• Concentrator ~ perangkat yang mengendalikan sekumpulan terminal atau sekumpulan prosesor terdistribusi.

Page 9: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 9

Communication ProcessorsModem• Modulator-demodulator

~ perangkat pengubah digital ke analog dan sebaliknya.

Model OSI• Pembagian layers

sesuai fungsi komunikasi

Page 10: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 10

Communication Media• Media Kabel (cable media):

– Twisted Pair Wire– Kabel Koaksial– Kabel Fiber optic– Radio Selular– Infra Red

• Media Penyiaran (Broadcast Media) :– Microwave Transmission– Satellite Transmission– Radio

Page 11: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 11

Communication Media• Twisted Pair Wire, kabel untir berpasangan (kabel

yang paling umum digunakan)• Coaxial Cable adalah kabel yang memiliki satu

konduktor copper (tembaga) ditengahnya.• Fiber Optic Teknologi ini merupakan kombinasi dari

pengembangan dari laser semikonduktor, yang memungkinkan mengirim data melalui kaca fiber dalam bentuk gelombang cahaya bukan melalui arus listrik. Media ini secara signifikan lebih kecil dan ringan, lebih cepat, lebih besar kapasitasnya dan terjaga juga keamanannya

Page 12: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 12

Communication MediaISDN [Integrated Services Digital

Network]• adalah satu jaringan memiliki satu

media transmisi (carrier) menggunakan antarmuka baku, dan membawa data multimedia.

• Transmisi data, teks, grafik, suara, video melalui saluran telefon tunggal.

• Jaringan tunggal yang dapat akses ke public voice networks [PSTN], public text neworks, dedicated (tie-line) networks, virtual private networks

Page 13: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 13

Networks are all around usNetworks are all around us• Jaringan berikut ini digunakan masyarakat setiap

harinya– Mail delivery system – Telephone system – Public transportation system – Corporate computer network – The Internet

• Jaringan komputer dapat dibentuk dengan menghubungkan dua buah komputer atau bahkan ratusan komputer yang terhubung dengan perangkat lainnya yang mengontrol jalannya informasi

Page 14: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 14

Computer NetworkComputer Network• Jaringan komputer adalah sekelompok komputer

otonom yang menyebar dan saling berhubunganmenggunakan protokol komunikasi dan melalui media komunikasi sehingga dapat saling berbagi resources bersama

• Jaringan memungkinkan penggunanya untuk berbagi resources :– Services, such as printing or scanning – Storage space on removable devices, such as hard

drives or optical drives – Applications, such as databases mputer Network

Page 15: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 15

Computer NetworkComputer Network• Berbagai perangkat yang dapat terhubung

dalam jaringan komputer Desktop /Laptop computers, Printers, Scanners, PDAs, Smartphones, File/print servers

• Perangkat jaringan terhubung melalui berbagai koneksi :– Copper cabling – Uses electrical signals to transmit data

between devices – Fiber-optic cabling – Uses glass or plastic wire, also called

fiber, to carry information as light pulses – Wireless connection – Uses radio signals, infrared

technology (laser), or satellite transmissions

Page 16: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 16

Benefits of NetworkingBenefits of Networking• Perangkat yang

dibutuhkan lebih sedikit• Meningkatkan

kemampuan komunikasi• Menghindari duplikasi

dan korupsi file• Low Cost Licensing• Pemusatan administrasi• Pendistribusian

pemrosesan data

Page 17: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 17

Type of NetworksType of Networks• LAN kumpulan perangkat komputer yang saling terkoneksi

yang berada di bawah kontrol administratif yang sama dalam lokasi yang “terbatas”

• WAN jaringan yang menghubungkan LAN di lokasi geografis yang terpisah dengan memanfaatkan TSP (telecommunication Service Provider)

• WLAN jaringan yang terbentuk dengan memanfaatkan media bukan wired

Page 18: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 18

Types of NetworksTypes of Networks• Peer-to-peer network, koneksi

antar perangkat terhub. scr langsung tanpa adanya perangkat jaringan tambahan. Tiap perangkat memiliki capability dan responsibility yg sama, tdk ada administrator pusat.

• client/server network, client request informasi/service dari server. Server melayani permintaan client dan menjalankan sejumlah proses untuk client

Page 19: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 19

Physical Network DevicesPhysical Network DevicesBerikut merupakan perangkat umum yang digunakan dalam jaringan :• Komputer• Network Interface Card• Switch hub• Router• Wireless Access Point

Page 20: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 20

Network Interface CardNetwork Interface Card

Page 21: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 21

RouterRouter

Page 22: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 22

SwitchSwitch

Page 23: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 23

Wireless DevicesWireless Devices

Page 24: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 24

LAN TopologiesLAN TopologiesTopologi Menentukan bagaimana perangkat jaringanterhubung secara phisical dan logical

•Physical Topologi : layout fisik bagaimana perangkat terhubung

•Logical Topologi : menentukan bagaimana host saling berkomunikasi

Page 25: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 25

Physical TopologiPhysical Topologi

Page 26: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 26

Bus TopologyBus Topology• In the bus topology, each computer connects to a common cable.

• The cable connects one computer to the next, like a bus line going through a city.

• The cable has a small cap installed at the end, called a terminator. The terminator prevents signals from bouncing back and causing network errors.

Page 27: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 27

Ring Topology• Hosts are connected in a physical ring or circle,because

the ring topology has no beginning or end, the cable does not need to be terminated.

• A specially-formatted frame, called a token, travels around the ring, stopping at each host. If a host wants to transmit data, the host adds the data and the destination address to the frame and then continues around the ring until the frame stops at the host with the destination address. The destination host takes the data out of the frame.

Page 28: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 28

Star ToplogyStar Toplogy• It has a central connection point, which is

normally a device such as a hub, switch, or router.

• Each host on a network has a cable segment that attaches the host directly to the central connection point so it is easy to troubleshoot.

• Each host is connected to the central device with its own wire. If there is a problem with that cable, only that host is affected. The rest of the network remains operational.

Page 29: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 29

Hierarchical / Extended Star Hierarchical / Extended Star TopologyTopology

• It is a star network with an additional networking device connected to the main networking device.

• Typically, a network cable connects to one hub, and then several other hubs connect to the first hub.

• Larger networks, such as those of corporations or universities, use the hierarchical star topology.

Page 30: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 30

Mesh TopologyMesh Topology• It connects all devices to each other.

• When every device is connected to every other device, a failure of any cable will not affect the network.

• The mesh topology is used in WANs that interconnect LANs.

Page 31: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 31

Logical TopologiesLogical Topologies(broadcast)(broadcast)

The two most common types of logical topologies are broadcast and token passing.

• broadcast topology, each host addresses either data to a particular host or to all hosts connected on a network. There is no order that the hosts must follow to use the network – it is first come, first served for transmitting data on the network.

Page 32: Data Communication and Computer Network

Pengantar Teknologi Informasi.: Fasilkom – UDINUS :. Ref: IF-ITB/Santika WP/2003 32

Logical Topologies Logical Topologies (Token Passing)(Token Passing)

• Token passing controls network access by passing an electronic token sequentially to each host. When a host receives the token, it can send data on the network. If the host has no data to send, it passes the token to the next host and the process repeats itself.