Dasar Ilmu Tanah Tanah Andisol

8/19/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Tanah Andisol

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BAHAN KAJIANMK. DASAR ILMU TANAH

TANAH

ANDISOL


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TANAH ANDISOLIKHTISAR

1. Vegetation: beragam tipe

vegetasi2. Ikilm: semua rezim suhu

tanah, kecuali pergelik3. Rezim lengas tanah: semua

rezim4. Ciri utama: an ic soil properties

!lo" bulk ensit#, o$alatee$tractable aluminum an iron,short%range%or er mineralscompoun s % amorphousmaterial, high phosphatesorption capacit#& relate tovolcanic origin o' materials.

(. )orison penciri: *ambik+. pipe on: )I- I*, / 0 I*

. roses genesis: elapukan,humi5kasi, melanisasi,pencucian, 6iksasi

Andisols: anah%tanah engan ciri%ciri

7I*

1. 8ahan in ukn#a eposit

#roclastic !volcanic e9ecta&seperti sbu, pumice, cin ers,an lava

2. *arakteristik:•. /atrial vitric atau gelas

vulkanik, #g i ominasioleh mineral%mineral amor'an mineral short%range%

or er•. 8obot isin#a ren ah ;.<

g=cm3•. llophane an imogolite


3/68

TANAH ANDISOL

KONDISI LINGKUNGAN

I*0I/:n isols 8 R* /8 > pa a semua rezim lengas%

tanah an semua rezim suhu tanah, kecuali pergelik.embentukan n isols i aerah ari sangat

terbatas, karena lambatn#a pelapukan bahan in ukvulkanik.

? * @ = ime:

/aterial volcanoclastic lebih mu ah lapukiban ingkan engan material kristalin, sehinggaperkembangan n isols ti ak memerlukan "aktu#ang sangat lama.

7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13


4/68

TANAH ANDISOL

BAHAN INDUK-ebagian besar o' n isols terbentuk ari epositp#roclastic !volcanic e9ecta& seperti abu, pumice,

cin ers, an lava. erras%terras vulkanik mempun#aiberagam tipe batuan i muka bumi ini. erras%terras

ini meliputi lava, eposit p#roclastic ! ari lutusan

vulkanik&, an eposit ari berbagai macam prosesse imentasi.

-i'at material vulkanik ari suatu vulkano sangat

beragam menurut tempat an "aktu anmenentukan ukuran partikeln#a, komposisimaterialn#a, an ke alaman eposit material

vulkanik.Rapi cooling o' the molten materials upon e9ectionprevents cr#stallization o' minerals "ith long range



5/68

TANAH ANDISOL

Vegetation:n isols evelop un er a variet# o' vegetationt#pes ranging 'rom coni'erous an eci uous

'orest, tun ra, to shrubs.

Relief:n isols 7I /@* pa a 8 R > /

B B>R 6I, akan tetapi seringkali itemukanpa a lereng%lereng #ang curam #g terbentuk

oleh aktivitas vulkanik.



6/68

TANAH ANDISOLPROSES GENESIS

Abu ul!"ni! se#"$" !i%i" d"n %ine$"lo&is be$bed" dne&"n!eb"n'"!"n %"(e$i"l b")"n indu! ("n") l"inn'". B")"n ini

(e$u("%" (e$susun "("s %"(e$i"l &el"s "("u i($i! '&%en&"ndun& be$"&"% *u%l") Al d"n Si. Gel"s ul!"ni!

(id"! %e%+un'"i s($u!(u$ !$is("lin '"n& s+esi,!-"%o$+)ous d"n s"n&"( %ud") l"$u(.

En i$on%en("l #ondi(ions/ no("bl' e&e("(ion "nd soil%ois(u$e $e&i%e (o&e()e$ 0i() #)e%i#"l #o%+osi(ion -Al:Si$"(io/ b"se s("(us/ +H e(#. s($on&l' in1uen#e 0e"()e$in&

+"()0"'s of ol#"ni# &l"ss.Allo+)"ne d"n i%o&oli(e %e$u+"!"n $esidu )"sil f"se2"0"l

+el"+u!"n &el"s ul!"ni! d"n s($u!(u$n'" belu%be$!e%b"n&. Allo+)"ne (e$ben(u! di d"l"% f$"&%en &el"sdi%"n" !onsne($"si Si d"n +H (in&&i d"n ben(u!n'" !)"s

se+e$(i 3s+)e$ule4. I%o&oli(e #ende$un& (e$ben(u! dib"&i"n lu"$ f$"&%en &el"s den&"n !ondisi +H lebi) $end")

d"n !onsne($"si Si *u&" lebi) $end")/ %e%+un')"i %o$folo&i!)"s se+e$(i ben"n&.


7/68

TANAH ANDISOL

Ko%+le!s Allo+)"ne/ i%o&oli(e d"n )u%us bi"s"n'"(e$ben(u! +"d" !ondisi +en#u#i"n in(ensif.

P"d" !ondisi lin&!un&"n !"'" Si/ d"+"( (e$ben(u! %ine$"l)"llo'si(e/ +"d" !ondisi '"n& lebi) "l!"lis d"+"( (e$ben(u!&ibbsi(e. P"d" b")"n "bu non2"lof"ni! d"+"( (e$ben(u! li"(

(i+e 6:7 / %es!i+un belu% di!e(")u dne&"n *el"s +$oses+e%ben(u!"nn'". Re8i% len&"s2("n") %e%+en&"$u)i l"*u

($"nsfo$%"si 2 +e%ben(u!"n li"( !$is("lin lebi) #o#o! +"d"$e8i% len&"s2("n") '"n& %e%+un'"i %usi% !e$in& -%is./us(i# d"n '"n& lebi) e!$in& d"n $e8i% le%b"b -udi# lebi)

sesu"i un(u! +e%ben(u!"n !o%+le!s "%o$f.

T)e 0e"()e$in& +$odu#(s su#) "s Al/ 9e/ "nd non2#$'s("lline"lu%inosili#"(es s("bili8e )u%i# subs("n#es "nd $ende$ ()e%

$e#"l#i($"n( (o de#o%+osi(ion/ i.e./ )u%i# "#ids "$e"##u%ul"(ed -)u%i,#"(ion . Al/ 9e2)u%us #o%+le5es "$e onl'

s+"$in&l' soluble "nd ()e$efo$e ()e' "##u%ul"(e "( ()esu$f"#e/ fo$%in& d"$! ()i#! su$f"#e )o$i8on es+e#i"ll' unde$

&$"ss e&e("(ion "nd )u%id #li%"(e -)is(i# o$ %el"ni#e i edons . Pe%ben(u!"n !o% le!s )u%us Al )u%us29e7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13


8/68

TANAH ANDISOL

Pen#u#i"n !"(ion b"s" be$)ubun&"n dne&"nd$"in"&e beb"s +"d" b"n'"! ("n") Andisols/

'"i(u "i$ +e$!ol"si %en#u#i !"(ion !e lu"$("n").

;i$i Andisols "d"l") !e#ende$un&"nn'"%e%,!s"si fosf"( %en*"di ben(u! '"n& (id"!(e$sedi" b"&i ("n"%"n.

9i!s"si P +"lin& bes"$ di(e%u!"n +"d" Andisols'"n& (e!s(u$n'" )"lus d"n %e%+un'"i $"sio

Al


9/68

GENESIS ANDISOLn isols icirikan oleh a an#a horison an icD atau

horizon vitricD. )orison n ic ka#a allophanes ! an

mineral #g serupa& atau kompleks aluminium%humus ,se angkan horison vitric mengan ung ban#ak materialgelas volcanikD.

n isol 'ormation epen s essentiall# on rapi chemical"eathering o' porous, permeable, 5negraine mineral

material in the presence o' organic matter.)# rol#sis o' the primar# minerals microclineD an

augiteD ma# serve to illustrate this t#pe o' "eathering!EglassE is actuall# an amorphous mi$ture but reacts in the

same "a#&:

* l-i3BF G 2 )2B HHHHH *G G l3G G 3 -iB2 G 4 B)% /icrocline

Ca6e-i2B+ G 2 )2B HHHHH Ca2G G 6e2G G 2 -iB2 G 47iun uh ari: htt : """.isric.or isric "eb ocs ocs ma or soils o' the "orl set3 an n isol. '


10/68

GENESIS ANDISOL

*ation 6e2G an !terutama& l3G iikat kuat alam

bentuk kompleks #ang stabil engan humus.. 6erroioksi asi men9a i 'erri an kemu ian mengen apmen9a i 'errih# rite

6e2G H 6e3G G e%

6e3G G 3 )2B H 6e!B)&3G 3 )G 'errih# rite

!atau : 2 6e2G G 1=2 B2 G ( )2B H 2 6e!B)&3 G 4 )G

7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '


11/68

GENESIS ANDISOL

luminium melin ungi bagian organik ari kompleks l%humus ariaktivitas bio% egra asi.

/obilitas sen#a"a kompleks ini agak terbatas karena hasilmpelapukan #ang cepat mencukupi suplai l an 6e untuk

menghasilkan kompleks #ang mempun#ai rasio tinggi metal=organikan sukar melarut.

his combination o' lo" mobilit# an high resistance againstbiological attack promotes accumulation o' organic matter in thetopsoil culminating in the 'ormation o' a melanicD sur'ace horizon

that has an intense ark colour an a high content o' organic matter.

he 'ate o' the liberate silica epen s largel# on the e$tent to "hichaluminium is tie up in l%humus comple$es.I' most or all aluminium is 5$e D, the silica concentration o' the soilsolution increases an "hile part o' the silica is "ashe out, another

part precipitates as opaline silica.I' not all aluminium is tie up in comple$es, the remain er ma# co%precipitate "ith silicon to 'orm allophanes o' var#ing composition,7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '


12/68

GENESIS ANDISOL

embentukan kompleks humus% l an pembentukan allo'an bersi'atkompetiti' satu%sama%lainn#a.

)al ini isebut sebagai binar# compositionD ari n isols. lo'an ! animogolite& stabil pa a kon isi agak masam hingga netral !p) J (&,se anghkan kompleks humus% l ominan pa a kon isi lingkunganelbih masam. *alau masih terse ia l pa a kon isi lebih lan9ut, ia

apat bereaksi engan kelebihan silicon membentuk mineral liat

5losilikat tipe 2:1 an 2:1:1 !mis. chlorite&, mineral liat ini seringitemukan berasosiasi negan kompleks humus% l.

@n er such aci con itions, these soils ma# have e$changeable l,"hich is not 'oun on allophane.

he stabilit# con'erre on the organic matter b# aluminium is no lessin the presence o' allophane. his suggests that the activit# o'aluminium in allophane is high enough to interact "ith organic

molecules an prevent bio% egra ation an leaching.



13/68

GENESIS ANDISOL

Ko%+e(isi "n("$" )u%us d"n sili!" (e$)"d"+ Al di+en&"$u)iole) f"!(o$2f"!(o$ lin&!un&"n:

7. T)e =Al2)u%us #o%+le5 > o+"line sili#" > +)'llosili#"(e#l"'? "sso#i"(ion is %os( +$onoun#ed in "#idi# ('+es of

ol#"ni# "s) ()"( "$e sub*e#( (o s($on& le"#)in&. In+$"#(i#e/ ()e$e is " #on(inuous $"n&e in ()e bin"$'

#o%+osi(ion of Andisols/ f$o% " +u$e Al2)u%us #o%+le5es"sso#i"(ion -@non2"llo+)"ni#@ (o "n "llo+)"ne


14/68

GENESIS ANDISOL

he total pore 'raction o' the soil material increases greatl# in the course o'"eathering, t#picall# 'rom some (; volume percent to more than ( percent.

his is e$plaine b# leaching losses an stabilisation o' the resi ual materialb# organic matter an "eathering pro ucts !silica, allophane, imogolite,'errih# rite&.

he genesis o' n isols is 'urther complicate "here there is repeateeposition o' 'resh ash. hin ash la#ers ma# 9ust re9uvenate the sur'ace soil

material "hereas thicker la#ers bur# the soil. ne" pro5le "ill then evelopin the 'resh ash la#er "hile soil 'ormation in the burie %horizon takes aiKerent course in response to the su enl# ecrease organic matter suppl#

an the iKerent composition o' the soil moisture.

he cla# assemblage o' n isols changes over time, particularl# that o' thesubsoil, as allophane an imogolite are trans'orme to hallo#site, kaolinite or

gibbsite ! epen ing on the silica concentration o' the soil solution&.luminium 'rom the l%humus comple$es "ill gra uall# become available an

'errih# rite "ill eventuall# turn into goethite. ll these processes are strongl#inLuence b# such 'actors as the rate o' re9uvenation, the epth an

composition o' the overbur en, the composition o' the remaining materialan the moisture regime. ventuall#, an n isol ma# gra e into a EnormalE

soil e. . a o zolize soil or a soil "ith 'erric ro erties or "ith cla7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '


15/68

TANAH ANDISOL

;IRI2;IRI

Andisols dido%in"si ole) sen'"0"2sen'"0" 3s)o$(2$"n&e2o$de$4 -%is. "llo+)"ne/ i%o&oli(e / (e$%"su! !o%+le!s)u%us2lo&"%/ fe$$i)'d$i(e/ d"n "lu%ino2sili#"(es/ '"n&

(e$ben(u! 3in si(u4.

A ('+i#"l soil +$o,le s)o0 " ()i#!/ d"$!2#olo$ed/ &$e"s'%ine$"l )o$i8on -e.&. %el"ni# e+i+edon / " 0e"!l'de elo+ed #"%bi# subsu$f"#e )o$i8on -B0 / "nd $el"(i el'un"l(e$ed ol#"ni# o$ ol#"no#l"s(i# +"$en( %"(e$i"l -; .

E+idedon His(i! "("u %el"ni! l"8i% di(e%u!"n d"l"%Andisols. E+i+edon %el"ni! (eb"ln'" C2#% "("u lebi)den&"n 0"$n" )i("% d"n e+i+edon )is(i! %e%e$lu!"n

lebi) d"$i 76 2 7 ;2o$&"ni!/ (e$&"n(un& +"d"!"ndun&"n li"(n'".

Ko%+le!s Hu%us29e2Al di(e%u!"n d"l"% )o$ison A/2 3 2 2 47iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13


16/68

TANAH ANDISOL

In general, the p)%'unctional cation e$changecapacit# !C C& is high, ue to a high sur'ace area o'

the mineral an organic compoun s in n isols.

*e9enuhan basan#a seringkali ren ah karena pa a

ban#ak n isols ter9a i perkolasi #ang cepat anpencucian kation basa sangat intensi'.

-i'at 5sika tanah%tanah n isols #ang menon9ola alah bobot isin#a ren ah, makro%porositasn#a

tinggi , rainagen#a cepat pa a tegangan lengas%tanah #g ren ah, an kekuatan mekanisn#a ren ah.*alau n isols ini mengering, sangat peka terha ap

erosi.



17/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK MOR9OMETRIK

Andisol '"n& =('+i#"l? %e%+un'"i +$o,l AB;"("u A; den&"n )o$ison AH be$0"$n" &el"+/(eb"ln'" 6C 2 C #% (e$le("! di "("s )o$ison B

#o!l"( "("i )o$ison ;.

To+soil d"n subsoil 0"$n"n'" s"n&"( be$bed" bi"s"n'"0"$n" ("n") ini lebi) &el"+ di d"e$") )u%id/ din&in /

dib"ndin&!"n dne&"n di d"e$") ($o+is.

R"(""n !"ndun&"n b")"n o$&"ni! )o$ison+e$%u!""n se!i("$ / (e("+i +$o,l '& +"lin&

&el"+ d"+"( %en&"ndun& b")"n o$&"ni!sebes"$ C .

T)e su$f"#e )o$i8on is e$' +o$ous/ e$' f$i"ble/ "nd )"s

" #$u%b o$ &$"nul"$ s($u#(u$e. In so%e Andisols ()esu$f"#e soil %"(e$i"l is s%e"$' "nd feels &$e"s' o$7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '


18/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOL

;i$i2#i$i Hid$olo&is

*eban#akan n isols mempun#ai rainage internal #gbagus, karena porositasn#a tinggi an kebera aann#a

terutama pa a posisi lereng%lereng atas.

>le#ic soil properties evelop "here groun "ateroccurs at shallo" epthN stagnic properties areparticularl# prominent in pa # 5el s on terracevolcanic slopes, e.g. on Oava an 8ali !In onesia&



19/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK MINERALOGIS

u"n(i(ies of ol#"ni# &l"ss/ fe$$o%"&nesi"n %ine$"ls-oli ine/ +'$o5enes/ "%+)iboles / felds+"$s "nd u"$(8 in ()esil( "nd s"nd f$"#(ions of Andisol %"(e$i"l di e$ be(0een

si(es. So%e of ()e %ine$"l &$"ins %"' )" e "# ui$ed "#o"(in& of ol#"ni# &l"ss 0)en ()e (e%+e$"(u$e 0"s s(ill )i&).

T)e %ine$"l #o%+osi(ion of ()e #l"' f$"#(ion of Andisols"$ies 0i() su#) f"#(o$s "s &ene(i# "&e of ()e soil/

#o%+osi(ion of ()e +"$en( %"(e$i"l/ +H/ b"se s("(us/ %ois(u$e$e&i%e/ ()i#!ness of o e$bu$den "s) de+osi(s/ "nd #on(en("nd #o%+osi(ion of soil o$&"ni# %"((e$. T)e #l"' f$"#(ion of

Andisols #on("ins ('+i#"l @ 2$"' "%o$+)ous %"(e$i"ls@ su#) "s"llo+)"ne "nd i%o&oli(e/ "nd


20/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK 9ISIKA

S("bili("s "&$e&"( '"n& b"&us +"d" ("n")Andisols d"n +e$%e"bili("sn'" '"n& b"&us%en&"!ib"(!"n ("n") ini $el"(if ("n") (e$)"d"+

e$osi ole) "i$.

Pe$!e#u"li"n "d"l") (i+e2(i+e Andisols '"n&%en&"l"%i )id$"("si !u"( d"n +en&e$in&"n

in(ensif / se(el") +e%bu!""n )u("n.

T)e su$f"#e soil %"(e$i"l of su#) Andisols#$u%bles (o )"$d &$"nules -@)i&) %oun("in&$"nul"(ion@ ()"( "$e e"sil' $e%o ed 0i()

su$f"#e $un2o 0"(e$.




21/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK 9ISIKA

Bobo( isi ("n") Andisol "d"l") $end")/ (e$u("%" )o$ison+e$%u!""n bi"s"n'" !u$"n& d"$i C. M&


22/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK KIMIA

n isols mempun#ai si'at pertukaran elektris sangatberagam :

/uatan snagat tergantung pa a p) an konsnetrasielektrolit alam larutan tanah. his is also the case

"ith some other soils, e.g. 6erralsols, but theoverri ing iKerence is that the negative charge o'

n isols can reach much higher values because o' thehigh contents o' soil organic matter an allophane.

8eberapa komponen tanah n isol mempun#ai variasi muatan#ang tergantung p). 7engan si'at muatan #ang bervariasi, nilai%nilai ke9enuhan basa umun#a ren ah karena pencucian sangat

intensi', kecuali beberapa tanah n isols #ang masih snagat

mu a an n isols i aerah kering.7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '



23/68

KARAKTERISTIK ANDISOL he strong chemical reactivit# o' n isols has long

been attribute to P%ra# amorphous compoun s.

8eragam bentuk l%akti' alam n isols a alah:1. 7alam mineral aluminosilikat para%kristalin atau

Qshort%range%or er Q seperti allophane an

imogolite.2. -ebagai ion l inter%la#er alam mineral silikatberlapis tipe 2:1 an 2:1:1.

3. 7alam kompleks humus% l4. -ebagai l%tikar pa a liat silikat berlapis.

eranan besi%akti' ti ak boleh iabaikan, tetapibiasan#a ianggap kurang penting iban ingkan

engan l%akti'.


TANAH ANDISOL


24/68

TANAH ANDISOL

KLASI9IKASI

To u"lif' fo$ "n Andisol " soil )" e (o )" e "ndi# soil+$o+e$(ies in C o$ %o$e of ()e ()i#!ness of soil%"(e$i"l 0i()in C #% of ()e %ine$"l soil su$f"#e/ o$ on

()e (o+ of "n o$&"ni# l"'e$ 0i() "ndi# +$o+e$(ies.M"(e$i"l ("n") ANDIK %en&"ndun& !u$"n& d"$i 6 ;2o$&"ni!-bobo( d"n / d"l"% f$"!si )"lus - 6 %% / %e%enu)i s"(u "("u

lebi) be$i!u( ini:7. Al +lus 7


25/68

TANAH ANDISOLAd" sub2o$do d"l"% Andisol '"n& d"+"( dibed"!"n

dne&"n $e8i% len&"s2("n")n'"/ !"+"si("s si%+"n"n "i$/ "("u!"ndun&"n b")"n o$&"ni!n'":

7. A u"nds: Andisols '& %e%+un'"i e+i+edon HISTIK "("u%e%+un'"i !ondisi A UIK '"n& %en&)"sil!"n sif"($edo5i%o$+)i#. A u"nds di(e%u!"n se#"$" lo!"l di loi!"side+$esi d"n se+"n*"n& d"("$"n b"n*i$ di%"n" %u!" "i$2

("n") -0"(e$ ("ble s"n&"( de!"( d& +e$%u!""n d"l"%0"!(u (e$(en(u d"l"% se(")un.6. ;$'"nds: T)e' "$e de,ned "s Andisols 0i() #$'i# soil

(e%+e$"(u$e $e&i%es. T)ese soils "$e ()e Andisols of )i&)l"(i(ude -e.&. Al"s!"/ K"%#)"(!" "nd )i&) "l(i(ude -e.&.Sie$$" Ne "d" in ()e U.S. .

. To$$"nds: T)e' "$e de,ned "s Andisols 0i() "$idi# soil%ois(u$e $e&i%es. Qe&e("(ion is %os(l' dese$( s)$ubs.

. e$"nds: Andisols '"n& %e%+un'"i $e8i% len&"s2("n")ERIK.

. Qi($"nds: T)e' "$e Andisols ()"( )" e " lo0 0"(e$2)oldin&#"+"#i('. Qi($"nds "$e $es($i#(ed (o us(i# "nd udi# soil

TANAH ANDISOL


26/68

TANAH ANDISOLAndisols d"n&!"l '"n& %e%+un'"i !on("!2li(i! did"l"% C #% l"+is"n ("n") %ine$"l +e$%u!""n/

"("u ("n") l"+is"n "("s o$&"ni! den&"n #i$i ANDIK/disebu( den&"n @Li()i#@ -%is. Li()i# ;$'" u"nds/Li()i# H"+lo5e$"nds .

Andisols den&"n :7. S("(us b"s" s"n&"( $end") - ()"( )" e e5($"#("bleb"ses +lus K;l2e5($"#("ble Al > (o("lin& less ()"n 6.C

#%ol->

6. S("(us b"s"n'" $end") '"n& %e%+un'"i lebi) d"$i 6.C

#%ol-> -b' K;l d"l"% f$"!si )"lusn'"/disebu( @Ali#@ -%is. Ali# E+i" u"nds /. Andisols '"n& %e%+un'"i b"s" (e$e!s($"!s +lus Al >

(e$e!s($"!s K;l (o("ln'" !u$"n& d"$i 7 .C #%ol->

. Andisols '"n& !"'" b"s"2b"s" - ()"( )" e " su% ofe5($"#("ble b"ses of %o$e ()"n 6 .C #%ol->

TANAH ANDISOL


27/68

TANAH ANDISOLRe8i% len&"s2("n") di+"!"i un(u! %e%bed"!"nAndisols +"d" (in&!"( &$e"(2&$ou+ d"nsub&$ou+ :7. e$i# -e.&. e$i# Qi($i#$'"nds /6. Us(i# -e.&. Us(i i($"nds /

. Udi# -e.&. Udi i($"nds /

. A ui# -e.&. A ui# Us(i i($"nds / "nd

. =O5'" ui#@/ i.e./ soils ()"( "$e s"(u$"(ed 0i() 0"(e$/ inone o$ %o$e l"'e$s 0i()in 7CC #% of ()e %ine$"l soilsu$f"#e/ fo$ 7 %on() o$ %o$e +e$ 'e"$ in o$ %o$e ou(of 7C 'e"$s -e.&. O5'" ui# Qi($i#$'"nds .

Andisols den&"n 3e+is"(u$"(ion4/ '"i(u ("n") *enu) "i$ +"d" s"(u l"+is"n "("u lebi) di d"l"%6CC #% +e$%u!""n ("n") %ine$"l/ d"n *u&"

%e%+un'"i s"(u l"+is"n (id"! *enu) "("u lebi)den&"n b"("s2"("sn'" di "("s !e d"l"%"n 6CC#%/ di b"0") l"+is"n *enu) -" +e$#)ed 0"(e$7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13


28/68

TANAH ANDISOL


29/68

TANAH ANDISOLK"$"!(e$is(i! $e(ensi "i$ di+"!"i un(u!

%en&!l"si,!"si!"n Andisols +"d" (in&!"( &$e"(2&$ou+ d"n sub&$ou+.

Andisols '"n& %e%+un'"i $e(ensi "i$ 7 CC2!P"!u$"n& d"$i 7 +"d" s"%+el ("n") !e$in&

ud"$" d"n !u$"n& d"$i C +d s"%+el ("n") '&(id"! di!e$in&!"n / do%in"n +"d" l"+is"n "("sC #% disebu( @Qi($i#@ -%is. Qi($" u"nds/ Qi($i#

H"+lo#$'"nds .

Andisols ()"( )" e/ und$ied/ " 7 CC2!P" 0"(e$$e(en(ion of C o$ %o$e ()$ou&)ou( " l"'e$

#% o$ %o$e ()i#! 0i()in 7CC #% ei()e$ of ()e%ine$"l soil su$f"#e/ o$ of ()e (o+ of "n o$&"ni#

l"'e$ 0i() "ndi# soil +$o+e$(ies/ 0)i#)e e$ is@ @7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13 TANAH ANDISOL


30/68

TANAH ANDISOLHo$ison +en#i$i '& di+"!"i un(u!

%en&!l"si,!"si!"n:

7. @Pe($o#"l#i#@/ )o$ison !"lsi! 'n& %en&"l"%i+en&e$"s"n -%is. Pe($o#"l#i# Qi($i(o$$"nds /

6. @;"l#i#@/ )o$ison '& %en&"l"%i "!u%ul"si!"$bon"( se!unde$ -%is. ;"l#i# Qi($i(o$$"nds /

. @Al,#@/ "d"n'" )o$ison "$&illi# "("u !"ndi# -%is.Al,# Qi($i5e$"nds /

. @Ul(i#@/ i.e./ ()e +$esen#e of "n "$&illi# o$ !"ndi#)o$i8on +lus " b"se s"(u$"(ion -b' su% of#"(ions of less ()"n +e$#en( ()$ou&)ou( i(su++e$ C #% -e.&. Ul(i# H"+lo5e$"nds /

. @O5i#@/ )o$ison le%+un& be$+"si$ "("u lebi) )"lusd"n !"'" li"( %u"("n $end") (i+e 7:7 -%is. O5i#H"+lus("nds /

. @Pl"#i#@/ i.e./ " 6 (o 7C2%% ()i#! d"$! $eddis)b$o0n (o bl"#! i$on o$ %"n&"nese +"n -e.&.7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13

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TANAH ANDISOL

KARAKTERISTIK PEMBEDA

Dis($ibusi &eo&$",s Andisols be$)ubun&"n e$"(dne&"n ol#"no '"n& "!(if "("u ul!"no '"n&

"!(if sel"%" *"%"n Holo#ene.Soils fo$%ed on olde$ ol#"ni# de+osi(s "$e

do%in"(ed b' #$'s("lline "lu%inosili#"(es o$ ()e%"(e$i"l is %i5ed 0i() o()e$ +"$en( %"(e$i"l/()e$efo$e/ ()e #$i(e$i" (o u"lif' fo$ Andisols

"$e no( &i en.

Andisols "$e li%i(ed (o soils fo$%ed on ol#"ni#%"(e$i"ls ()"( )" e 0e"()e$ed enou&) (o

+$odu#e s)o$(2$"n&e2o$de$ o$&"no2%e("lli# "nd"lu%inosili#"(e #o%+ounds/ bu( ()"( )" e no(

0e"()e$ed (o ()e +oin( 0)e$e #$'s("lline7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13

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TANAH ANDISOL


KARAKTERISTIK PEMBEDA

T"n")2("n") d"$i be$b"&"i o$do d"+"( di(e%u!"n +"d"(e$$"in ul!"ni!/ (e("+i Andisols )"%+i$ sel"lube$!e%b"n& d"$i b")"n indu! +'$o#l"s(i#. Soils

de elo+ed in +'$o#l"s(i# "nd o()e$ f$"&%en("l ol#"ni#%"(e$i"ls o##u+' onl' "bou( C. of ()e e"$()@s su$f"#e.

Ho0e e$/ be#"use of ()ei$ e$' dis(in#( #)"$"#(e$is(i#s/()e' "$e $e#o&ni8ed "s " se+"$"(e soil o$de$ in soil("5ono%'.

Keb"n'"!"n Andisols be$!e%b"n& d"$i b")"n indu!!)usus - ol#"ni# e*e#(" . Bebe$"+" o$do ("n")/ !e#u"li

His(osols/ %e%+un'"i b")"n indu! '"n& !)"s d"nlin&!un&"n de+osision"l.

T)e se+"$"(ion be(0een S+odosols "nd Andisols isdi #ul(/ be#"use s)o$(2$"n&e o$de$ "lu%inosili#"(es "nd

o$&"no2%e("lli# #o%+le5es o##u$ in ()e B )o$i8ons of

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL


33/68

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL

n isols sangat potensial untuk pro uksi tanaman

pertanian, tetapi ban#ak n isols belum igunakansesuai negan kapasitasn#a.

n isols merupakan tanah #ang subur, terutaman isols ari bahan in uk abu vulkan alkalis atau

interme ier an ti ak mengalami pencucian intensi'./asalah serius a alah tinggin#a kapasitas 5ksasi'os'at.

meliorative measures to re uce this eKect !causeb# active l& inclu e application o' lime, silica, organicmaterial an EphosphateE 'ertilizer. n isols are eas#

to cultivate an have goo rootabilit# an "aterstorage properties. -trongl# h# rate n isols are

i cult to till because o' their lo" bearing capacit#7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL


34/68

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL

Andisols di("n"%i be$b"&"i *enis ("n"%"n /se+e$(i (ebu/ (e%b"!"u/ ubi*"l"$ -(ole$"n!ondisi %is!in fosf"( / (e)/ s"'u$"n/ &"ndu%

d"n ("n"%"n 3o$#)"$d4.

Andisols on s(ee+ slo+es "$e +e$)"+s bes( !e+(unde$ fo$es(. P"dd' $i#e #ul(i "(ion is " %"*o$l"nduse on Andisols in lo0l"nds 0i() s)"llo0

&$ound0"(e$.

Budid"'" +"di s"0") '"n& (e$us2%ene$us +"d"Andisols %en&"!ib"(!"n +e%ben(u!"n 3l"+is"n#"d"s '"n& !o%+"!4 di "("s l"+is"n "!u%ul"si

o!sid" 9e d"n Mn l"+is"n !o%+"! ini

%e$edu!si !e)il"n&"n "i$ +e$!ol"si.7iun uh ari: http:==""".isric.org=isric="eb ocs= ocs==ma9or soils o' the "orl =set3=an= n isol.p '

TANAH ANDISOL


35/68

TANAH ANDISOL

Andisol be$!e%b"n& d"$i+$oses +el"+u!"n '"n&

%en&)"sil!"n %ine$"l2%ine$"ldne&"n s($u!(u$ !$is("linn'"leb"). Mine$"l2%ine$"l ini

%e%+un'"i !e%"%+u"n '"n&sn"&"( (in&&i un(u! %en")"n

"i$ d"n )"$".

Andisol %e$u+"!"n ("n")2("n") '"n& s"n&"( +$odu!(if.T"n")2("n") ini %enun*u!!"n(in&!"( +el"+u!"n '"n& %"si)

le%") / !"'" b")"n &el"sul!"ni!.

T"n") ini b"n'"! di(e%u!"n did"e$") din&in den&"n #u$")

)u*"n %ode$"( )in&&" (in&&u/(e$u("%" di d"e$")2d"e$")7iun uh ari: AAAA.. 1(=2=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


36/68

TANAH ANDISOL*onsep sentral n isols a alah

tanah%tanah #ang i ominasi olehmineral%mineral Q short%range%or er

Q.n isols ini meliputi tanah%tanah#ang terlapuk lemah engan

kan ungan gelas vulkanik #angcukup tinggi.

*an ungan gelas vulkanik inimerupakan salah satu ciri #g ipakaiuntuk men e5nisikan ciri%ciri tanah

7I*.

/aterials "ith an ic soil propertiescomprise +; percent or more o' thethickness bet"een the mineral soil

sur'ace or the top o' an organicla#er "ith an ic soil properties an

a epth o' +; cm or a root limitingla#er i' shallo"er.7iun uh ari: http:==soils.us a.gov=technical=classi5cation=or ers=an isols.html AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL: SUB2ORDO


37/68

TANAH ANDISOL: SUB2ORDOn isols 7I7B/I -I oleh /I R 0%/I R 0 Qshort%range%or erSatau kpmpleks l%humus. 8an#ak n isols berkembang pa a

bahan in uk vulkanik atau materoial volcaniclastic.

A u"ndsTuan s, mempun#ai kon isi aTuik, biasan#a i bagian ba"ah

lanskap an vegetasin#a hutan atau rumput. -ebagian tanah%tanahini telah i% rainage an ikelola ebagai lahan pertanian atau lahan

rumput.

;$'"ndsCr#an s, "hich have a cr#ic temperature regime, ominate some

areas in laska an in the mountains o' the aci5c orth"est. /ost o'

the soils 'orme un er coni'erous 'orest vegetation. /ost Cr#an s areuse as 'orest.

To$$"nds orran s, mempun#ai rezim lengas%tanah ari ik !atau torrik& an

rezim suhunga lebih hangat ari cr#ic, keban#hakan tanah iniberkembang pa a kon isi vegetasi semak%belukar atau berumput.7iun uh ari: htt : soils.us a. ov technical classi5cation or ers an isols ma .html AAAA..



38/68


Ud"ndsUd"nds/ %e%+un'"i $e8i% len&"s2("n") UDIK/ $e8i% su)u

lebi) +"n"s d"$i+"d" ;R IK/ d"n b"n'"! len&"s ("n") '"n&di(")"n den&"n #u!u+ !u"( un(u! d"+"( dise$"+ ole)("n"%"n. Keb"n'"!"n ("n")2("n") ini be$!e%b"n& di

b"0") e&e("si )u("n. Ud"nds di&un"!"n seb"&"i )u("n/(e("+i ("n")2("n") '"n& (el") dibu!" di%"nf""(!"n

seb"&"i l")"n +e$("ni"n +$odu!(if "("u l")"n +"s(u$e.Us("nds

Us("nds/ 0)i#) )" e "n us(i# %ois(u$e $e&i%e/ "(e%+e$"(u$e $e&i%e 0"$%e$ ()"n #$'i#/ "nd " $el"(i el'

)i&) #on(en( of 0"(e$ )eld (oo (i&)(l' fo$ +l"n(s (o use.T)e' fo$%ed %os(l' unde$ fo$es( o$ s" "nn" e&e("(ion.Us("nds !eb"n'"!"n di%"nf""(!"n seb"&"i )u("n/ l")"n

+e$("ni"n/ "("u +"s(u$e "("u un(u! +e%b"n&un"n !"0"s"n+e$!o(""n.

7iun uh ari: http:==soils.us a.gov=technical=classi5cation=or ers=an isols map.html AAAA..



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Qi($"ndsQi($"nds/ 0)i#) "$e ()e %o$e o$ less 0ell d$"ined/#o"$se (e5(u$ed Andisols ()"( )" e " udi# o$ us(i#%ois(u$e $e&i%e/ " (e%+e$"(u$e $e&i%e 0"$%e$()"n #$'i#/ "nd " lo0 #on(en( of 0"(e$ )eld (oo

(i&)(l' fo$ +l"n(s (o use.

*eban#akan tanah ini berkembang i ba"ah vegetasi hutanconi'er. anah%tanah ini iman'aatkan sebagai hutan, tetapi a asebagian #ang ikelola sebagai pa ang gembalaan, lahan

pertanian atau pasture.

e$"ndsPeran s, mempun#ai rezim lengas%tanah P RI*, an rezimtemperatur 'rigi , mesik, atau ) R/I*. *eban#akan Peran s#ang mempun#ai rezim suhu 'rigi atau mesik berkembang i

ba"ah kon isi vegetasi hutan coni'er. -ebagian Peran s,terutama #ang mempun#ai rezim suhu ) R/I*, berkembang i

ba"ah vegetasi rumput an belukar. anah%tanah ini iman'aatkan7iun uh ari: http:==soils.us a.gov=technical=classi5cation=or ers=an isols map.html AAAA..

TANAH ANDISOL


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TANAH ANDISOL

l5c )umic Vitri$eran

-usunan )orison: p % =8% 8" % 2 b % 2 b % 28tb %

2C

0okation: ear /t>ambier=/t -chank, -outh

ustralia.

ape increments in cm.

hoto b# 7.O. 0o"e.

7iun uh ari: http:==""".geo.msu.e u=soilpro5les= n isols.htm AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


41/68

TANAH ANDISOL

Tuic Vitri$eran

-usunan )orison: Bi % % 8"1 % 8"2 % 2 %

28= % 28t$b1 % 28t$b2

0ocation: I aho, @- . ape increments in cm.

hoto b# 8. *napp.

7iun uh ari: http:==""".geo.msu.e u=soilpro5les= n isols.htm AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


42/68

TANAH ANDISOLro5l tanah n isol,

menun9ukkan horison abu

vulkanik #ang komposisimineralogin#a beragam.

-umber: @.-. 7epartment o'griculture, atural Resources

Conservation -ervice, -oil -urve#-taK

7iun uh ari: http:==""".britannica.com= 8checke =me ia=1


43/68

TANAH ANDISOLAs)'


44/68

TANAH ANDISOLMel"nud"nd - Costa Rica&

anah ini berkembang pa alapisan%lapisan abu vulkanik

ari Volcan urrialba.0apisan permukaan #g gelap

merupakan pipe onmelanik.

he 1 horizon contains1+.4U organic matter b#

"eight. he "ater content at 1(;;

k a ranges 'rom 14 U in the1 horizon to 22+U in the

8" horizon.7iun uh ari: http:==""".cals.ui aho.e u=soilor ers=an isols ;4.htm AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


45/68

TANAH ANDISOLMedi"l/ "%o$+)i# T'+i#

H"+lo#$'"ndIcelan

n isol ini ! hingvallasveit pe on&telah berkembang ari bahan in ukabu vulkanik an material aeolin isekitar aman asional hingvellirational ark, barat% a#a Icelan .

0apisan atas +; cm mengan ung ;%F; g=kg C%organik, an horisonn#akurang 9elas. -truktur tanah masih

lemah, an partikel abu vulkanikberukuran ebu an pasir, sehinggatanah ini sangat peka terha ap erosi

oleh angin.nnual precipitation is 14;; mm an

the vegetation is moss=heath.7iun uh ari: http:==""".cals.ui aho.e u=soilor ers=an isols ;


46/68

TANAH ANDISOL8ahan in uk abu vulkanik ianggap

paling menarik i antara bahan%bahanin uk lainn#a. bu vulkanik ini

mempun#ai si'at mineralogi khusus#ang melapuk menghasilkan tanah%tanah #ang karakteristikn#a sangat

khas.

hese are not rea il# visible in themorpholog# o' the pro5le an must be

etermine in a laborator#. ?hat isevi ent in this pro5le is the ark

horizon, tan colore pro5le an

strati5cation. he tan or buK color ismostl# the color o' the originalminerals.

here has been little "eathering in this

#oung soil. he strati5cation in icatesthat more than one volcanic ash7iun uh ari: http:==la"r.uc avis.e u=classes=ssc1;;= e" Wealan n isol.html AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


47/68

TANAH ANDISOLAs)' o e$ s"nd'2s!ele("l/ "niso/

&l"ss' o e$ iso(i#/ f$i&id T'+i#Qi($i5e$"nd

!8onner series&

ro5l tanah ini telah berkembang ariua macam bahan in uk, an

merupakan ciri khas tanah%tanahn isols ari @tara I aho, imur

?ashington, an barat /ontana. he upper 3( to +; cm o' the pro5le

contains as much as +;U volcanic ash,the ma9orit# o' "hich came 'rom the

eruption o' /t. /azama !no" Crater0ake& in south"estern Bregonappro$imatel# , ;; #ears ago.

he lo"er portion o' the pro5le is'orme in glacial out"ash materials

'rom glacial 0ake /issoula outburstLoo ing, "hich occure uring the7iun uh ari: http:==""".cals.ui aho.e u=soilor ers=an isols ; .htm AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs092-02/http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs092-02/http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs092-02/http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs092-02/


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TANAH ANDISOL

SERI TANAH: BONNER

-eri tanah 8onner ini ter iri atas tanah%tanah #ang sangat alam, rainagen#abagus, berkembang ari bahan in ukglasial #ang berasal ari batuan granite,gneiss an schist, engan selubung bahan

abu vulkanik an loess. hese soils are on terraces an terraceescarpments. ermeabilit# is mo erate inthe solum an rapi to ver# rapi in theun erl#ing material.

*emiringan berkisar ; % +( U..verage annual precipitation is about 3;inches an average annual air temperatureis about 43o6.

Kel"s T"!sono%i: sh# over loam#%skeletal, aniso, glass#7iun uh ari: https:==soilseries.sc.egov.us a.gov=B-7 7ocs=8=8B R.html AAAA.. F=3=2;13

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TANAH ANDISOLSERI TANAH: BONNER

T PI;AL PEDON: 8onner 0empung% ebu berabu berkerikil, hutanNpa a kemiringan 2 U an ketinggian 2,3;;'eet.

Oi : ; % ;.3 inchesN aun an renting%rantingsegar coni'er.Oe: ;.3 % 1.1 inchesN seresah aun an rantinglapuk sebagian.O" : 1.1 % 1.3 inchesN bahan organik #ang telahlapuk bercampur engan abu vulkanik kelabumu a.

A%%1.3 to ( inchesN pale bro"n !1;XR +=3&gravell# ash# silt loam, ark bro"n !1;XR 3=3&moistN "eak ver# 5ne granular structureN so't,ver# 'riable, nonstick# an slightl# plasticN man#5ne an me ium rootsN man# 5ne irregular

poresN 1( percent pebblesN slightl# aci !p) +.3&Nabrupt smooth boun ar#. !3 to + inches thick&7iun uh ari: https:==soilseries.sc.egov.us a.gov=B-7 7ocs=8=8B R.html AAAA.. F=3=2;13


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TANAH ANDISOL


51/68

TANAH ANDISOL

SERI TANAH: BONNER

Ho$ison ;6: Ked"l"%"n 3< %+; inchesN Coklat sangat pucat!1;XR =3& pasir berlempung sangatberkerikil, coklat !1;XR 4=3& lembabNbutir lepasN lepas, ti ak lekat an

ti ak mplastisN se ikit akar halusNban#ak pori halus an me ium ti akteraturN +; U pebbles an cobblesN

netral !p) +. &.

7iun uh ari: https:==soilseries.sc.egov.us a.gov=B-7 7ocs=8=8B R.html AAAA.. F=3=2;13

TANAH ANDISOL


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TANAH ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK:

-oil moisture control section % r# 4( to +; a#s Oul# to -eptember, moist Bctober through Oune

verage annual soil temperature % 43 to 4egrees 6. verage summer soil temperature %

(; to (( egrees 6. "ith an B horizon -olumthickness % 24 to 3+ inches Reaction %mo eratel# aci to neutral throughout

Volcanic ash mantle % 14 to 2+ inches thickVolcanic glass content in the ;.;2 to 2.; mm'raction % 4; to ; percent ci %o$alatee$tractable l G 1=2 6e % 1 to 3 percent

hosphate retention % (( to


53/68

TANAH ANDISOLKARAKTERISTIK PENTING:

8" horizon )ue % 1;XR or .(XR Value % (through r#, 3 or 4 moist Chroma % 3 or 4

r# or moist e$ture % >R% %-I0, >R% %0, %-I0, %0 8ulk ensit# % ;. ; to ;.


54/68

TANAH ANDISOLTATANAN GEOGRA9IS:

8onner soils are on terraces an terraceescarpments. levations range 'rom 2,;;;to 3,2;; 'eet.*emiringan berkisar ; % 1( U pa a terras%terras an 1( % +( U pa a QescarpmentsS.

hese soils 'orme in glacial out"ashmaterial erive ominantl# 'rom granite,gneiss, an schist. he# have a mantle o'volcanic ash an loess.

Rataan suhu u ara tahunan 42 Y 4 o 6.an rataan curah hu9an tahunan 2( % 3(inches.

erio e bebas sal9u


55/68

DRAINAGE PERMEABILIT"s: 7rainage bagus. RunoK lambat pa a kon isiterras an me ium%cepat pa a kon isi

QescarpmentsS.ermeabilitas mo erat alam solumn#a an

cepat%sangat cepat pa a material i ba"ahn#a.

Pen&&un""n Qe&e("si: anah%tanah ini igunakan untuk hutantanaman in ustri, penggembalaan, lahanpertanian, ka"asan "isata,, an habitat liar%bebas.

atural vegetation is mainl# gran 5r, 7ouglas%

5r, pon erosa pine, lo gepole pine, an "esternlarch, "ith an un erstor# o' pine ree grass,m#rtle pach#stima, bal hip rose, commonsno"berr#, longtube t"inLo"er, piper anemone,gol threa , se ge, an common princes pine.


TANAH ANDISOL


56/68

HAL2HAL PENTING:

)orison penciri an si'at penting#ang ikenali pa a pe on ini:

1. pipe on Bkhrik % 1.3 % ( inches!)orison &

2. )orison *ambik %% ( % 2< inches!)orison 8" an 8C&3. -eksi kontrol ukuran partikel %% ; %

4; inches ! , 8", 28C, 3C1, ansebagian horison 3C2&



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PENGELOLAAN

TANAH2TANAH

ANDISOL

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL


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6amili tanah ini iberi nama /e ial, isothermic, #picutrustan .

7i )a"aii, anggota%anggota ari 'amili tanah iniiman'aatkan sebagai ka"asan bu i a#a sa#uran #ang

pro ukti'..

highl# prize attribute o' these soils "hichvegetable 'armers probabl# take 'or grante is

their loose, eas#%to%"ork characteristics implieb# the term me ial. hese soils are also non%aci!eutr%& but ma# not be able to suppl# 'ast%gro"ingvegetables "ith nutrients such as phosphorus an

boron. he application rates reTuire to correct

e5ciencies 'or phosphorus an boron are higherthan one "oul e$pect 'or non%aci soils.

he une$pecte l# high phosphorus an boronreTuirements o' soils in this 'amil# are accessor#

'eatures, "hich can be in'erre 'rom the last three

letters Zan Z in utrustan .7iun uh ari: http:==""".ctahr.ha"aii.e u=tpss=research e$tension=r$soil=an isols.htm AAAA..

PENGELOLAAN ANDISOL


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@stan s a alah n isols #ang itemukan i aerahengan musim kering #ang 9elas.

8u i a#a tanaman sa#uran pa a tanah%tanah ini i*ula atau ?aimea memerlukan irigasi #ang bagus..

he /aile series "as once kno"n as a 7#stran ept! #stroph# H 'ault# nutrition& an is no" calle

)aplu an !)apl H simple&.

?hen one enters the rain'orest on the slope o')aleakala or /aunakea, the name 7#stran ept coulnot o 9ustice to the soils there. he# "ere calle

)# an epts, an are no" calle )# ru an s. hese are some o' the most unusual soils in the "orl .

In their natural state, as implie b# their name, the#

consist mainl# o' "ater. ?ith the e$ception o' thesur'ace o' 1; inches, the un erl#ing soil is +;% ;U"ater b# volume. n #et these soils have supporte a

sugar in ustr# 'or over a centur#.

*en ala utama alam pengelolaan tanah ini untuk

pro uksi pertanian a alah hu9an #ang berlebihan antutu an a"an an berlebihan. Ren ahn a kesuburna7iun uh ari: http:==""".ctahr.ha"aii.e u=tpss=research e$tension=r$soil=an isols.htm AAAA..


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Ju%"l T"n") d"n Lin&!un&"n/ Qol. 7C No.I/ A+$il6CCB:7 27THE E99E;T O9 ;AL;IUM SILI;ATE ON THE PHOSPHORUS SORPTION


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; ; ; ;;HARA;TERISTI;S O9 ANDISOLS LEMBANG XEST JAQA

A$ief H"$(ono

plikasi kalsium silikat iteliti e'ekn#a terha ap perilaku sorpsi tanah n isols 0embang.

7osis #g ipakai ;, 2.( an (U Ca-iB3 !calcium silicate& atau ;, .(an 1( g calcium silicate per pot itambahkan ke 3;; g tanah

!kering oven& an iinkubasi selama satu bulan.

plikasi kalsium silikat ti ak mempengaruhi sorpsi maksimum secara n#ata, tetapi menurunkan energi pengikatan . *alsium silikat 9u#ga menurunkan kebutuhan stan ar.

plikasi (U kalsium silikat menurunkan la9u sorpsi an

sorpsi maksimum pa a osis tertentu penambahan .)al ini menun9ukkan bah"a aplikasi kalsium asilikat ketanah n isols mengakibatkan pupuk lebih terse ia

bagi tanaman.

7iun uh ari: journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jtanah/article/view/2394/1400 AAAA..


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RUNO99 AND SOIL EROSION UNDER RAIN9ALL SIMULATION O9ANDISOLS 9ROM THE E;UADORIAN PYRAQLVO: E99E;T O9

TILLAGE AND BURNING JZ$[%e Poulen"$d/ P"s#"l Pod0o*e0s!i/ Je"n2Louis J"ne"u/

Je"n ;olline(a a petak alami n isols, la9u in5ltrasi sangat cepat an kehilanganse imen snagat lambat !ren ah&. erubahan penggunaan lahan

meningkatkan runoK an mere uksi kon uktivitas hi raulik 9enuh.engolahan tanah mengakibatkan proses pembentukan Qkerak%

tanahS i permukaan #ang mempun#ai kon uktivitas sangat ren ah.

ermukaan tanah n isols ini sangat peka an mu ah membentukQkerak%tanahS N se angkan tanah%atanah n isols #ang lebih tuaengan bobot%isi lebih ren ah, kalau terkena tetesan air hu9an akan

mu ah men9a i kompak.

6enomena Repelensi%air ter9a i setelah perio e pengeringan tanaholeh u ara ketika tanah iolah, khususn#a pa a horison non%

alo'anik.Repelensi%air ini bersama engan bobot%isi #ang ren ah

men#ebabkan tinggin#a kehilangan se imen ari tanah%tanah #ang

ibiarkan setelah kultivasi !lahan QberaS&.7iun uh ari: horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/plein .../01002!"4#.pdf AAAA.. 1;=3=2;13

I-CB 2;;4 % 13th International -oil Conservation Brganisation Con'erence Y 8risbane, Oul# 2;;4


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;;Conserving -oil an ?ater 'or -ociet#: -haring -olutions

RB7I8I0I X B6 7I-B0 !)X7RIC 6@0V@7 7-& I ) 7C R 0

WB B6 CB0B/8I. Carmona >., 6.). Bban o%/onca#o, O. Isaza >9"!(o$ e$odibili("s -K un(u! ("n") "ndisol -H'd$i# 9ul ud"nds

di(en(u!"n dne&"n %e(ode 3Re ised Uni e$s"l Soil Loss E u"(ion-RUSLE 3.

T)e EI fo$ " &i en $"ins(o$% 0"s #"l#ul"(ed "s ()e +$odu#( of (o("ls(o$% ene$&' -e (i%es ()e %"5i%u% C2%in in(ensi(' -I C .

S(o$% !ine(i# ene$&' 0"s #"l#ul"(ed b' (0o -2C.C i di e$en(%e()ods/ e.&. e \ C.77 >C. ] lo&7Ci/ "nd e \ C.6 ] ^72C. 6 ] e _0)e$e i is $"inf"ll in(ensi(' in %% )27.

Du$in& ()e e5+e$i%en("l +e$iod/ 66 s(o$%s o##u$$ed 0i() " (o("l$"inf"ll of 7 C %%. C of $"inf"ll -77 s(o$%s 0e$e #onside$ed (o

be e$osi e 0i() " %"5i%u% I C of %% )27.T)e "nnu"l EI +"$"%e(e$ -R 0"s 6. MJ.%%.)"27.)27.'27 "nd7 . MJ.%%.)"27.)27.'27 fo$ ()e fo$%e$ "nd se#ond %e()od

$es+e#(i el'.

Se)in&&"/ f"!(o$ K sebes"$ C.C M&.)".).)".27MJ27.%%27'27d"n C.C M&.)".).)".27MJ27.%%27'27.

Ad" Re&$esi line"$ si&ni,!"n "n("$" R/ !e)il"n&"n ("n") d"n7iun uh ari: www.tuc on.ar .a$.$ov/i co/i co13/%&%'()*20&.../+&(, &.pdf AAAA..1;=3=2;13

2;1; 1


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g ; ;, ,ME;HANISMS O9 XATER EROSION IN A PARTIALL MELTED/

9ROVEN ANDISOL aku ishimura, ori#uki *amachi, )iromi Imoto an su#oshi /i#azaki

Pe$iode 3#"i$4 %usi%"n ("n") '"n& be!u (e$n'"(" s"n&"( +e!"(e$)"d"+ e$osi.

In ()is s(ud'/ "$(i,#i"l $"inf"ll 0"s "++lied (o " +"$(i"ll' ()"0ed soil"nd ()e e e#(s of soil +)'si#"l #ondi(ions on e$odibili(' of +"$(i"ll'()"0ed Andisol 0"s %e"su$ed. An Andisol f$o% " %oun("in $"n&e

"$e" 0"s used. T)e soil 0"s +"#!ed in(o " +l"s(i# bo5 (o fo$% "n 2#% ()i#! subsoil. T)e +"#!ed soil 0"s !e+( in " $ef$i&e$"(o$ "( 2 C`;

fo$ one ni&)( (o fo$% ()e f$o8en subsoil. Befo$e ()e $"inf"ll/dis(u$bed soil 0"s l"id o e$ ()e f$o8en subsoil (o fo$% 62#% ()i#!unf$o8en l"'e$ "s " %odel fo$ " ()"0in& su$f"#e soil. Du$in& ()e$"inf"ll e5+e$i%en(/ $uno / e$oded soil/ see+"&e f$o% ou(le(s "(

f$on( 0"ll of ()e do0n slo+e end of ()e bo5 0"s s"%+led+e$iodi#"ll'.

P"d" "0"l !e*"di"n )u*"n/ subsoil be!u '"n& !ed"+ "i$ %en*"diseb"b (e$*"din'" $uno d"n !e)il"n&"n ("n")/ sed"n&!"n 3!e$"!2

("n")4 di +e$%u!""n %en*"di seb"b u("%" (e$*"din'" $uno sel"%"+e$iode "!)i$ !e*"di"n )u*"n.7iun uh ari: www.iu .or$/19th*20 +))/) mpo ium/pdf/1#9!.pdf AAAA.. 1;=3=2;13

Oapanese Oournal o' ?ater reatment 8iolog#N I-- :; .


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BEHAQIOR O9 NITRATE NITROGEN IN AN ANDISOL 9OLLOXINGINTENSIQE 9ERTILIVER REGIMES IN ARABLE LANDS.

8 7@ C) / I* 0IX > N X -@B BW *IN /BRI)IRB / 7 N B8BR@*B8 X -)IN / - BRI 6@OI

D"%+"! "+li!"si +u+u! N "no$&"ni! d"n +u+u! N o$&"ni!(e$)"d"+ +en#u#i"n ni($"( +"d" ("n") Andisol -("n") "buul!"n '"n& %en&"l"%i )u*"n e!s($i% di(eli(i +"d" !ondisi

us")"("ni *enis2*enis s"'u$"n.

I%%edi"(el' "f(e$ e5($e%e $"inf"ll/ ()e NO 2N #on#en($"(ions in soil0"(e$ "( C #% de+() 0e$e %"$!edl' in#$e"sed #o%+"$ed 0i() ()"(

of soil 0"(e$ "( 7CC #% "nd 6CC #% de+()/ %os( li!el' due (o ()e$"+id le"#)in& of fe$(ili8e$ ni($o&en #"used b' do0n0"$d %o e%en(

of 0"(e$ ()$ou&) ()e soil.

Pen#u#i"n ni($"( di l")"n '& di+u+u! den&"n +u+u! N2"no$&"ni! (e$n"'"( lebi) bes"$ dib"ndin&!"n dne&"n l")"n'"n& di+u+u! den&"n +u+u! N o$&"ni!.

T"n") '"n& di+u+u! N2o$&"ni! %enun*u!!"n "!(i i("sni($i,!"si '& lebi) (in&&i/ d"n "!(i i("s deni($i,!"sin'" lebi)$end") dib"ndin&!"n den&"n ("n")2("n") '"n& di+u+u! N2

"no$&"ni!.7iun uh ari: a tp.j t.$o.jp/module /.../index.php ... Andisol ... AAAA.. 1;=3=2;13

Oournal o' gricultural -cience . Vol 4, o 1; !2;12&In#$e"sin& P2A "il"bili(' "nd P2U+("!e Usin& Su&"$#"ne 9il(e$

http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/issue/view/633http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/issue/view/633http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/issue/view/633http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/issue/view/633


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In#$e sin& P2A il bili( nd P2U+( !e Usin& Su& $# ne 9il(e$;"!e "nd Ri#e Hus! As) (o I%+$o e ;)inesse ;"bb"&e

-B$"ssi#" S+ G$o0() in Andisol/ E"s( J" "). (. tami ). urniawan 5. )itumoran$ . 6. (o ita ari

Po(ensi +$odu!si +"d" Andisols dib"("si ole) (in&&in'"!"+"si("s $e(ensi P.

9"$%e$s #o%%onl' use o$&"ni# %"((e$. Su&"$#"ne ,l(e$ #"!e (blothong, Indonesi"n/ S9; "nd $i#e )us! "s) -RHA "$e lo#"ll'

" "il"ble in ;ob"n Rondo/ M"l"n&/ E"s( J" " "nd )en#e +o(en(i"ll'used fo$ soil "%end%en(. To s(ud' ()e e e#(s of S9; "nd RHA on P" "il"bili('/ P u+("!e "nd +l"n( &$o0() - Brassica sp. / soil s"%+les

0e$e ("!en f$o% C26C #% de+()/ in#ub"(ed 0i() S9; -67. M&.)" 27"nd RHA - . M&.)" 27 . To("l P/ P2" "il"ble/ +H/ o$&"ni# #"$bon/e5#)"n&e"ble #"(ions -K/ N"/ ;"/ M& / "nd P $e(en(ion #u$ e 0e$e

de(e$%ined "( C/ 7 / C/ "nd d"'s "f(e$ in#ub"(ion. ;$o+

+"$"%e(e$s -)ei&)(/ nu%be$ of le" es/ (o("l d$' 0ei&)( "nd P2u+("!e 0e$e "lso %e"su$ed "( 6/ / 0ee!s "f(e$ +l"n(in&.Abu se!"% +"di lebi) efe!(if d"$i+"d" blo(on& (ebu un(u!

%enu$un!"n $e(ensi2P d"n %ein&!"(!"n !e(e$sedi""n P -76C +"d""bu se!"% +"di d"n +"d" blo(on& (ebu .

T"n")2("n") '& !"ndun&"n BO n'" (in&&i #ende$un& %e%+un'"i

!e(e$sedi""n P lebi) (in&&i. A!ib"(n'"/ "bu se!"% +"di d"n blo$on&(ebu %enin !"(!"n se$" "n P sebes"$ d"n 6 !"li "d" ("n")7iun uh ari: http:==""".ccsenet.org=9ournal=in e$.php=9as=article=vie"=1F;;4AAAA.. 1;=3=2;13

8ehavior o' itrate itrogen in an n isol 6ollo"ingI i 6 ili R i i bl 0


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Intensive 6ertilizer Regimes in rable 0an s.0IX > 8. C.N BW *I, X.N / 7 , /.N *B8 X -)I, .N 6@OI /.

Oournal o' ?ater reatment 8iolog#. QOL.3 NNO.3NPAGE.


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aaaaa. Ds(aaa..

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