260 REVIEWS.

Heft I, Band II. Ueber die Verbreitung austeckender Krankheiten durch Milchgenuss, und die dagagen zu engreifenden Sanitatspolizeilichen Massregeln. Leipzig, Arthur Felix, 1890'

THE first of these monographs is by Herr Tereg, Docent of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Hanover Veterinary College, and the author of the second is Dr Gustav Petersen of Kiel.

Both articles maintain the high character of the preceding numbers of the series. The first of them is an excellent account of recently introduced antipyretics, and it is of special value seeing that information on that head is comparatively meagre in the current veterinary literature.

The second article deals with a subject that has as yet attracted much less interest on the Continent than with us. The author regards it as proved that milk may be the means of infecting human beings with typhoid, tuberculosis, cholera, and foot-and-mouth disease, and as probable that the same may be said in the case of scarlatina and anthrax. On the other hand the evidence of infection through milk consumption is held to be insufficient in the case of diphtheria, pneumonia, and measles.

While holding that the subject requires further investigation, Dr Petersen considers that it is the duty of sanitary authorities to protect the public against possible danger, not only by recommending the use of cooked milk, but also by carrying out an efficient milk control. The latter must not be confined to milk in the market, but must extend to the cows and cow-houses, and to the persons who are brought into contact with the milk at any stage of its transport. A very full account of the literature of the subject completes the article.

Dell' Apparecchio Tegumentario del Piede nel Cavallo. Dott. v. Bossi. Pisa, 1890. Tipografia T. Nistri e C.

THIS is the latest addition to the already somewhat abundant literature on the anatomy of the horse's foot. It is a carefully written monograph of 60 pages, entirely devoted to the structure of the horny hoof and the underlying continuation of the cutis; and, particularly in respect of the fulness with which the histology of these parts is described, it is much superior to anything in the English language on the same subject. Using chloride of gold as a staining reagent, the author has been able to study the nerve endings in the sensitive lamin::e. The rich plexus of nerve fibres in the principal lamin::e sends filaments into the secondary leaflets, in which the ultimate nerve fibres end in the form of clavate enlargements immediately under the epithelium. The text is illustrated by 18 excellent lithographic figures.

Das thierarztliche U nterrichtswesen Deutschlands in seiner geschichtlichen Entwickelung und Bedentung fUr den thierarztlichen Stand. Von Dr Georg Schneidemuhl. Leipzig, r890 A. Felix.

PROMPTED by the centenary of his Alma Mater-the Berlin Veterinary College, Dr Schneidemuhl has written a history of the progress of Veterinary Science in Germany. The present year will for all time be memorable in that country, as the one in which the last of the German veterinary teaching institutions were raised to the rank of Hochschule. At the present time there are institutions devoted to the teaching of veterinary science in Hanover, Dresden, Stuttgart, Munich, Berlin, and Giessen. The Veterinary Institute at Giessen is the only one of these that is directly connected with a university; its teachers

CLINICAL ARTICLES. 261

are either ordinary or extraordinary professors in the medical faculty of the University of Giessen. It was founded in the year 1829, while all the other schools date from last century.

As is well known, Lyons may claim to be the birth-place of veter­inary science, in the sense that it was in that city that the first institution devoted to the study of the diseases of the domesticated animals was erected. In the year 1762 Claude Bourgelat opened the Lyons Veterinary College, and it is remarkable that within the next twenty years no fewer than 18 similar institutions were founded in other European cities.

The oldest of the existing German Veterinary Colleges is that of Hanover, which was founded in 1778, and then follow in order of antiquity Dresden (1780), Berlin (1790), Munich (1790), and Stuttgart (182!). Brief but interest­ing historical sketches of these institutions are given by Dr Schneidemiihl, and to the account of the Berlin College there is appropriately added a short biography of one of its most renowned teachers-Gerlach, to whose memory a statue was erected at the college on the occasion of the centenary festival held in July last.

The greater part of the work is devoted to a retrospect of the steps by which the status of the veterinary profession in Germany has been raised to its present position, and in conclusion the author indicates the means by which further elevation may be brought about. Chief among these are a higher standard of general education on the part of the veterinary student, and a longer curriculum in order that he may be more thoroughly grounded in his professional studies. In Germany, as in this country, but probably to a much less degree than with us, a serious obstacle to the progress of veterinary education is the difficulty of filling the vacant chairs with com­petent teachers. To overcome this difficulty Dr Schneidemiihl advocates the appointment of docents at each of the veterinary colleges, and he insists that every candidate for appointment as a veterinary teacher should have studied human medicine.

The book contains a portrait of Gerlach, and an appendix gives the existing regulations regarding the examination of veterinary students in Germany .

• eLI N I CAL ART I C L E S.

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INTERESTING CLINICAL CASES.

By THOMAS WALLEY, M.R.C.V.S., Principal of the Royal Veterinary College, Edinburgh.

REMARKABLE CAVITY IN THE LEFT LOWER MAXILLA OF A FOAL.

IN June last I was requested by Mr John Armstrong, Penrith, to examine a well-bred foal, in whose left lower maxilla a remarkable cavity had formed.

The cavity involved the anterior half of the ramus, and externally it presented the appearance of a large oval-shaped bony tumour. Its walls were about an inch in thickness, and inwardly it communi­cated with the mouth, and was lined by a continuation of the buccal membrane.

Save for a small quantity of mucus the cavity was empty, and there was no evidence of the existence of any destructive process in connection with its walls.