Conference on Military Terminology

School of Foreign Languages

Ministry of Defence

Ljubliana 5-6 November 2018

Darija BrincTerminologist at the Terminology Coordination Unit

Directorate-General for Translation European Parliament Luxembourg

Objectives

Explain the basic principles of terminology

Provide examples and practical guidelines

Why terminology(3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _play an important role in the ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Those instruments allow credit institutions to achieve a diversified capital structure and to access a wide range of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ On 28 October 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adopted an agreement on both the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and limits to inclusion of certain types of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(21) While it is desirable to base the calculation of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _on that provided for the purposes of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is appropriate to adopt rules for the monitoring of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _without applying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Moreover the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ applied in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were designed with the assumption of a well-diversified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ In the case of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dealing with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _is not well-diversified The effects of those techniques should therefore be subject to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives

200648EC 200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain _ _ _ _ _ _items _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Text with _ _ _ _ relevance

Why terminologyHybrid capital instruments

capital management

credit institutions

financial investors

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

eligibility criteria

hybrid capital instruments

original own funds

credit institutions

exposure value

minimum own funds requirements

large exposure

risk weightings

degrees of risk

credit risk mitigation techniques

solvency regime

credit risk

large exposures

single name concentration risk

credit risk

prudential safeguards

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives 200648EC

200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain own funds items large exposures

supervisory arrangements and crisis management Text with EEA relevance

Why terminologylsquoThe use of terminology is of critical importance in shaping our perceptions attitudes and behavioursrsquo

migrants or refugees

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201508refugees-terminology-matters-150831091756282html

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Objectives

Explain the basic principles of terminology

Provide examples and practical guidelines

Why terminology(3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _play an important role in the ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Those instruments allow credit institutions to achieve a diversified capital structure and to access a wide range of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ On 28 October 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adopted an agreement on both the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and limits to inclusion of certain types of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(21) While it is desirable to base the calculation of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _on that provided for the purposes of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is appropriate to adopt rules for the monitoring of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _without applying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Moreover the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ applied in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were designed with the assumption of a well-diversified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ In the case of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dealing with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _is not well-diversified The effects of those techniques should therefore be subject to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives

200648EC 200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain _ _ _ _ _ _items _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Text with _ _ _ _ relevance

Why terminologyHybrid capital instruments

capital management

credit institutions

financial investors

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

eligibility criteria

hybrid capital instruments

original own funds

credit institutions

exposure value

minimum own funds requirements

large exposure

risk weightings

degrees of risk

credit risk mitigation techniques

solvency regime

credit risk

large exposures

single name concentration risk

credit risk

prudential safeguards

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives 200648EC

200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain own funds items large exposures

supervisory arrangements and crisis management Text with EEA relevance

Why terminologylsquoThe use of terminology is of critical importance in shaping our perceptions attitudes and behavioursrsquo

migrants or refugees

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201508refugees-terminology-matters-150831091756282html

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Why terminology(3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _play an important role in the ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Those instruments allow credit institutions to achieve a diversified capital structure and to access a wide range of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ On 28 October 1998 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ adopted an agreement on both the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and limits to inclusion of certain types of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(21) While it is desirable to base the calculation of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _on that provided for the purposes of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it is appropriate to adopt rules for the monitoring of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _without applying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Moreover the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ applied in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were designed with the assumption of a well-diversified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ In the case of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dealing with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _is not well-diversified The effects of those techniques should therefore be subject to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives

200648EC 200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain _ _ _ _ _ _items _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Text with _ _ _ _ relevance

Why terminologyHybrid capital instruments

capital management

credit institutions

financial investors

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

eligibility criteria

hybrid capital instruments

original own funds

credit institutions

exposure value

minimum own funds requirements

large exposure

risk weightings

degrees of risk

credit risk mitigation techniques

solvency regime

credit risk

large exposures

single name concentration risk

credit risk

prudential safeguards

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives 200648EC

200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain own funds items large exposures

supervisory arrangements and crisis management Text with EEA relevance

Why terminologylsquoThe use of terminology is of critical importance in shaping our perceptions attitudes and behavioursrsquo

migrants or refugees

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201508refugees-terminology-matters-150831091756282html

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Why terminologyHybrid capital instruments

capital management

credit institutions

financial investors

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

eligibility criteria

hybrid capital instruments

original own funds

credit institutions

exposure value

minimum own funds requirements

large exposure

risk weightings

degrees of risk

credit risk mitigation techniques

solvency regime

credit risk

large exposures

single name concentration risk

credit risk

prudential safeguards

Directive 2009111EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 amending Directives 200648EC

200649EC and 200764EC as regards banks affiliated to central institutions certain own funds items large exposures

supervisory arrangements and crisis management Text with EEA relevance

Why terminologylsquoThe use of terminology is of critical importance in shaping our perceptions attitudes and behavioursrsquo

migrants or refugees

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201508refugees-terminology-matters-150831091756282html

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Why terminologylsquoThe use of terminology is of critical importance in shaping our perceptions attitudes and behavioursrsquo

migrants or refugees

httpwwwaljazeeracomindepthopinion201508refugees-terminology-matters-150831091756282html

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

What is terminology

Human Rights

human trafficker

child abuse

domestic slavery

bull set of designations belonging to one

special language (ISO 1087)

bull set of concepts and terms in a

subject field (DIN 2342)

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Terminology Science

science studying the structure

formation development usage and

management of terminologies in

various subject fields

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Terminology Work

work concerned with the systematic

collection description processing and

presentation of concepts and their

designations

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

The purpose of terminologyIt is essential for

Clarity

Consistency

Equivalence (uniform legal effects)

Translatability through additional information for the translators (domain definition image context etc)

Avoiding repeated research

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Inventory management system

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

ConsistencyAt this stage it is very difficult to define

the potential impact of a new coherent

strategy on the level of reduction of the

fiscal fraud The intention of the

Commission is to launch an in-depth

debate at political level with Member

States and stakeholders in which all

possible alternatives would be discussed

with an open mind in order to find the

most efficient and pragmatic way to fight

tax fraud at European level

httpeuropaeurapidpress-release_MEMO-06-221_enhtm

Consistency

ldquoThe terminology used in a

given act shall be consistent

both internally and with acts

already in force especially in

the same fieldrdquo

Joint Practical Guide 2003 Guideline 6

Consistency

Equivalence (24 languages)

Translations ndash authentic equal originals

Legal certainty for the EU citizens

Inaccurate terminology can trigger legal consequences

Translatability

detergent

Translatability Marmelade

Translatability

Source IATE

English

storage

storage

storage

storage

German

Speicherung

Archivieren

Lager

Lagerung

French

mise en meacutemoiremeacutemorisation

archivage

deacutepocirct

entreposage

Domain

Information technology

Documentation

Distributives trades

Nuclear energy

Equivalence (24 languages)

Translations ndash authentic equal originals

Legal certainty for the EU citizens

Inaccurate terminology can trigger legal consequences

Translatability

detergent

Translatability Marmelade

Translatability

Source IATE

English

storage

storage

storage

storage

German

Speicherung

Archivieren

Lager

Lagerung

French

mise en meacutemoiremeacutemorisation

archivage

deacutepocirct

entreposage

Domain

Information technology

Documentation

Distributives trades

Nuclear energy

Translatability

detergent

Translatability Marmelade

Translatability

Source IATE

English

storage

storage

storage

storage

German

Speicherung

Archivieren

Lager

Lagerung

French

mise en meacutemoiremeacutemorisation

archivage

deacutepocirct

entreposage

Domain

Information technology

Documentation

Distributives trades

Nuclear energy

Translatability Marmelade

Translatability

Source IATE

English

storage

storage

storage

storage

German

Speicherung

Archivieren

Lager

Lagerung

French

mise en meacutemoiremeacutemorisation

archivage

deacutepocirct

entreposage

Domain

Information technology

Documentation

Distributives trades

Nuclear energy

Translatability

Source IATE

English

storage

storage

storage

storage

German

Speicherung

Archivieren

Lager

Lagerung

French

mise en meacutemoiremeacutemorisation

archivage

deacutepocirct

entreposage

Domain

Information technology

Documentation

Distributives trades

Nuclear energy

What lies behind

Object concept termconcept

our minds

object

anything perceivable or

conceivable

reality

term

verbal designation of a general concept in a

specific subject field

communication

What is a concept

ISO 1087-1

Unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

DIN

Unit of thinking made up of characteristics derived by categorizing objects having a number of identical properties

Object concept termconcept

our minds

object

anything perceivable or

conceivable

reality

term

verbal designation of a general concept in a

specific subject field

communication

What is a concept

ISO 1087-1

Unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

DIN

Unit of thinking made up of characteristics derived by categorizing objects having a number of identical properties

What is a concept

ISO 1087-1

Unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics

DIN

Unit of thinking made up of characteristics derived by categorizing objects having a number of identical properties

Concepts

Concepts are not bound to particular languages They are however influenced by their social and cultural background which often leads to different categorisation

Culture-bound concepts

Culture-bound concepts

ConceptsGeneral concepts ndash more objects

(common properties)

terms (word expression phrase) symbols

Individual concepts ndash one object

appellations symbols

Designations (term)

ISO 1087-1

Verbal designation of a general conceptin a specific subject fieldA term may contain symbols and can have variantseg different forms of spelling

ISO standards for terminology

Culture-bound concepts

Culture-bound concepts

ConceptsGeneral concepts ndash more objects

(common properties)

terms (word expression phrase) symbols

Individual concepts ndash one object

appellations symbols

Designations (term)

ISO 1087-1

Verbal designation of a general conceptin a specific subject fieldA term may contain symbols and can have variantseg different forms of spelling

ISO standards for terminology

Culture-bound concepts

ConceptsGeneral concepts ndash more objects

(common properties)

terms (word expression phrase) symbols

Individual concepts ndash one object

appellations symbols

Designations (term)

ISO 1087-1

Verbal designation of a general conceptin a specific subject fieldA term may contain symbols and can have variantseg different forms of spelling

ISO standards for terminology

ConceptsGeneral concepts ndash more objects

(common properties)

terms (word expression phrase) symbols

Individual concepts ndash one object

appellations symbols

Designations (term)

ISO 1087-1

Verbal designation of a general conceptin a specific subject fieldA term may contain symbols and can have variantseg different forms of spelling

ISO standards for terminology

Designations (term)

ISO 1087-1

Verbal designation of a general conceptin a specific subject fieldA term may contain symbols and can have variantseg different forms of spelling

ISO standards for terminology

Designations (symbols)

Designations (appelation)

Appelation is a verbal designation of an individual concept eg Eifel Tower

Term identificationTerminological units

bull simple terms deforestation multilingualism

bull complex terms credit rating agency human trafficking

Terms most often nouns or noun phrases but also some verbs adjectives adverbs

bull terminological collocations on the air automate office procedures

Term identification

Concept orientation

A terminology entry starts from the concept

In a dictionary the starting point is the word

Designations (appelation)

Appelation is a verbal designation of an individual concept eg Eifel Tower

Term identificationTerminological units

bull simple terms deforestation multilingualism

bull complex terms credit rating agency human trafficking

Terms most often nouns or noun phrases but also some verbs adjectives adverbs

bull terminological collocations on the air automate office procedures

Term identification

Concept orientation

A terminology entry starts from the concept

In a dictionary the starting point is the word

Term identificationTerminological units

bull simple terms deforestation multilingualism

bull complex terms credit rating agency human trafficking

Terms most often nouns or noun phrases but also some verbs adjectives adverbs

bull terminological collocations on the air automate office procedures

Term identification

Concept orientation

A terminology entry starts from the concept

In a dictionary the starting point is the word

Term identification

Concept orientation

A terminology entry starts from the concept

In a dictionary the starting point is the word

Concept orientation

A terminology entry starts from the concept

In a dictionary the starting point is the word

Concept orientationldquorecruitmentrdquo

In OED

7 meanings listed

- general domains

- Ecology

- Medicine

- Biology

- Physiology

ldquorecruitmentrdquo

In IATE different concepts in different domains presented in separate entries

- Migration

- Medical science

- Fisheries

- Employment

- Agriculture forestry and fisheries

Concept-orientation

Designationconcept imbalance Synonymy

Homonymy

Polysemy

Synonymy

term 2 term 3

USB key

USB stick

flash drive

pendrive

USB memory key

etc

Polysemy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics

Polysemy

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Designationconcept imbalance Synonymy

Homonymy

Polysemy

Synonymy

term 2 term 3

USB key

USB stick

flash drive

pendrive

USB memory key

etc

Polysemy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics

Polysemy

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Synonymy

term 2 term 3

USB key

USB stick

flash drive

pendrive

USB memory key

etc

Polysemy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics

Polysemy

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Polysemy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics

Polysemy

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Polysemy

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Homonymy

Relation between designation and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Homonymy

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Definition

ISO 1087-1

Representation of a concept

by a descriptive statement

which serves to differentiate it

from related concepts

Why do we need a definition

bull to describe concepts

bull to distinguish the concept from similarrelated ones

bull to help establish synonyms

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Definitions

Should be

bull precise

bull clear and concise

bull from a reliable source

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Definition

fiscal fraud deliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law

IATE

Substitution principle

Fiscal fraud causes significant economic harm to the UK which is felt locally regionally and nationally

darrDeliberate evasion of payment of tax due or claiming of benefits not due which is punishable under criminal law causes significant economic harm to the UK which is felt locally regionally and nationally

IATE

DefinitionsShould NOT

be circular ndash term being defined is used in the definition

be negative ndash describe what the concept is rather than what it is NOT

be too wide or too narrow ndash then it would not include all or not enough representative features of the concept

fixed phone line

ldquoa line that is not a mobile phone linerdquo

Wikipedia

This doesnrsquot mean that the definition cannot contain negation in generalldquonon-financial corporationrdquo = ldquocorporation or quasi-corporation that is not engaged in financial intermediation but is active primarily in the production of market goods and non-financial servicesrdquo

fixed phone line

ldquoa line that is not a mobile phone linerdquo

Wikipedia

This doesnrsquot mean that the definition cannot contain negation in generalldquonon-financial corporationrdquo = ldquocorporation or quasi-corporation that is not engaged in financial intermediation but is active primarily in the production of market goods and non-financial servicesrdquo

table

1 piece of furniture with one or more legsproviding space where objects may be placed

2 piece of furniture with a flat top and four legsproviding a level surface on which objects may be placed

3 piece of furniture with a flat top and one or more legs providing a level surface on which objects may be placed

cell phone

ldquoa phone that is cellularrdquo

ldquoa device that can make and receive telephone callsover a radio link while moving around a wide geographic areardquo

Wikipedia

cell phone

ldquoa phone that is cellularrdquo

ldquoa device that can make and receive telephone callsover a radio link while moving around a wide geographic areardquo

Wikipedia

Context text chunk which includes the term in question

shows how the term is really used (linguistic and situational environment)

ne Domain

Context If no definition add a context whichhellipcould serve as an explanation

References

Information about sources(eg reference documents websites

consulted experts)

Indicators of the quality of the terms

ReliableUse withCaution

Non-ReliableLegislation

Private companies

European

Institutions

Scientific

journals

Specialised

dictionaries

Personal websites

Political

organisations

Universities

Blogs

Newspapers

Ministries public

authorities

NGOs

Discussion

forums

Referencing rules

IATE Handbook pp 26-30

Language-specific guidelinesas Annexes to the Handbook DA EN ET FI FR GA HU SK SL

Consult your unitrsquos terminologists

Context If no definition add a context whichhellipcould serve as an explanation

References

Information about sources(eg reference documents websites

consulted experts)

Indicators of the quality of the terms

ReliableUse withCaution

Non-ReliableLegislation

Private companies

European

Institutions

Scientific

journals

Specialised

dictionaries

Personal websites

Political

organisations

Universities

Blogs

Newspapers

Ministries public

authorities

NGOs

Discussion

forums

Referencing rules

IATE Handbook pp 26-30

Language-specific guidelinesas Annexes to the Handbook DA EN ET FI FR GA HU SK SL

Consult your unitrsquos terminologists

References

Information about sources(eg reference documents websites

consulted experts)

Indicators of the quality of the terms

ReliableUse withCaution

Non-ReliableLegislation

Private companies

European

Institutions

Scientific

journals

Specialised

dictionaries

Personal websites

Political

organisations

Universities

Blogs

Newspapers

Ministries public

authorities

NGOs

Discussion

forums

Referencing rules

IATE Handbook pp 26-30

Language-specific guidelinesas Annexes to the Handbook DA EN ET FI FR GA HU SK SL

Consult your unitrsquos terminologists

ReliableUse withCaution

Non-ReliableLegislation

Private companies

European

Institutions

Scientific

journals

Specialised

dictionaries

Personal websites

Political

organisations

Universities

Blogs

Newspapers

Ministries public

authorities

NGOs

Discussion

forums

Referencing rules

IATE Handbook pp 26-30

Language-specific guidelinesas Annexes to the Handbook DA EN ET FI FR GA HU SK SL

Consult your unitrsquos terminologists

Referencing rules

IATE Handbook pp 26-30

Language-specific guidelinesas Annexes to the Handbook DA EN ET FI FR GA HU SK SL

Consult your unitrsquos terminologists

Referencing rulesMinimum information

title

authorcorporate author (organisation company etc)

date (of publicationconsultation)

Referencing rules Internal documentsCommission document SANCO-2007-00968-01-02

Eur-Lex Documents Decision No 6332009EC granting a Community guarantee to the European Investment Bank against losses under loans and loan guarantees for projects outside the Community CELEX32009D0633EN

Treaties Conventions Agreements Treaty on European Union Article 3

WebsitesESA Missions Earth Observation ENVISAT European Space Agency httpenvisatesaint [372008]

Referencing rules Internal documentsCommission document SANCO-2007-00968-01-02

Eur-Lex Documents Decision No 6332009EC granting a Community guarantee to the European Investment Bank against losses under loans and loan guarantees for projects outside the Community CELEX32009D0633EN

Treaties Conventions Agreements Treaty on European Union Article 3

WebsitesESA Missions Earth Observation ENVISAT European Space Agency httpenvisatesaint [372008]

ReferencingReference is needed for everything term

definition context (same or different)

Source should come from authority in the field

Use original documents (but sometimes translations are considered as authentic)

Definition source

Any Questions

Any Questions