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Prepared For: Khalil Ahmed

Prepared By : Talha Arfi

Registration # 20090498

Institute of Cost and Management Accountant s of Pakistan

October 18th, 2010 6

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STRUCTURE

y Why Dams?

y What is a Dam?y Types of Dams

y Uses Of Dams

y Dams-Statistics

y Impacts of Dams

y Conclusion

y Questions and Answers

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WHY DAMS?y Water for sustaining all life.

yYear round supply of water.

y Water collection and utilization.yAbility to sustain dough and dry situations.

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WHAT IS DAM?yA structure to contain water.

yA solid barrier constructed across a river valley.

y Has mechanically engineered structure to direct andcontrol flow of water and storage.

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TYP

ESOF DAM

S

Gravity Dam

Buttress Dam

Arch Dam

Embankment Dam

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USES OF DAMSy Direct Water Usage

y Indirect Uses

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DIRECT WATERUSAGEy Private/Domestic

y Commercial

y Irrigationy Livestock

y Industrial

y Mining

y General Public Supply

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INDIRECTUSESy Hydroelectric Power

y Flood Control

y Transportation

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DAMSSTATISTICSy By the end of the 20th century , there were 45,000 large

dams built in 150 countries .International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD)

y Displacement of 4 million people annually due to dams.y Approximately 1,700 dams are being built , at the cost of

about 50 million dollars per year.

y 19% of electricity from hydro power-more than 50% in 63countries.

y 12% of all dams have a water supply function.

y 75 countries have dams for flood control.

y Dam supports 30-40% of irrigated area and 12-16% ofglobal food production.

World Commission on Dams (WCD)14

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IMPACTS OF DAMSy Environmental Impacts

y Sociological Impacts

y Economical Impactsy Effects of Dams on Water Quality

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Environmental Impactsy River Pollution

y Erosion

y Loss of Aesthetic ViewyAir Pollution

y Noise Pollution

y Dust

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SOCIOLOGICAL IMPACTSy Indigenous People Affected

y Loss of Ecosystems

y Loss of Speciesy Displacement Of People

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DISPLACEMENT OF PEOPLE BY

DAMS

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ECONOMICAL IMPACTSyAgriculture

y PowerGeneration

y Water Supplyy Employment

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EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITYy Change in Temperature

y Turbidity

y DissolvedGas in the Watery Eutrophication

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CONCLUSIONy Small dams instead of large dams.

y Careful planning .

y Sociological impacts should be considered along withthe main objectives of :

y water supply

y power generation

y

flood controly Economic incentives should be weighed against

sociological impacts.

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QUESTIONS & ANSWERSSESSION

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